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Jɛnkuluw ka ɲɔgɔn falen-falen kabakoma - nin ye translocation ye ! (Jɛkulu jiginni) .

Jɛnkuluw ka ɲɔgɔn falen-falen kabakoma - nin ye translocation ye ! (Jɛkulu jiginni) .

An bɛɛ b’an ka jamu kunnafoniw mara an farikolo yɔrɔw kɔnɔ. A bɛ iko gafe minnu bɛ gafemarayɔrɔba dɔ kɔnɔ. An b’o gafew wele ko kolosinsinnan. An bɛ bonya ni tilancɛ ye an ba fɛ, tilancɛ bɛ bɔ an fa fɛ. Nka miiri k’a filɛ, tuma dɔw la, o gafew ɲɛ fila bɛ tigɛ, ka gafe kelen ɲɛ kelen bɛ nɔrɔ tɔ kelen na, ka gafe tɔ kelen ɲɛ kelen nɔrɔ nin gafe in na. An bɛ translocation (yɔrɔ -yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ) Weele o cogo de la furakɛli la ni kolosinsinnan fla yɔrɔ dɔw karilen dòn ka Yɛlɛma ka Taa ɲɔgɔn na. Aw kana siran ni aw ye nin tɔgɔ in mɛn. Nin bɛ se ka kɛ mɔgɔ caman na, wa a bɛ se ka kɛ u yɛrɛ tɛ o dɔn. An k’a lajɛ o ye min ye tiɲɛ na.

O jamu caman cili in bɛ wele ko Translocation (Translocation) ye mun ye?

Simply put, a translocation is a change in the structure of chromosomes. O bɛ kɛ ni kolosinsinnan kelen yɔrɔ dɔ karilen don ka nɔrɔ kolosinsinnan wɛrɛ la. Tuma dɔw la, kolosinsinnan filanan yɔrɔ karilen fana bɛ se ka nɔrɔ fɔlɔ la.

An ka selilu kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔnɔna na, kolosinsinnan fila-fila 23 bɛ yen. O ye kolosinsinnan 46 ye. Olu la, fila-fila 22 bɛ farikolo cogoya tɔw bɛɛ ɲɛnabɔ (autosomes), k’a sɔrɔ fila laban bɛ an cɛya ni musoya dantigɛ (X ni Y chromosomes).

Yɛlɛma bɛ Se ka Tla suguba fla ye:

1. Reciprocal Translocation: O ye waati ye ni kolosinsinnan fila danfaralenw yɔrɔw bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen. Miiri k’a filɛ, kolosinsinnan 7 yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ taa kolosinsinnan 21 na, ani kolosinsinnan 21 yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ taa kolosinsinnan 7nan na.

2. Robertsonian Translocation: O ye waati ye ni kolosinsinnan kelen nɔrɔlen don pewu kolosinsinnan wɛrɛ la.

Sisan, fɛn nafama wɛrɛ bɛ yen. Ni o yɔrɔw bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen, nka kunnafoni si ma tunun walima ka sɔrɔ jamu kan, an b’o wele ko Balanced Translocation . A ka ca a la, o tigi tɛ kɛnɛyako gɛlɛya si sɔrɔ. Nka, ni jamu kunnafoni dɔw tununna walima ni u sɔrɔla o ɲɔgɔn falen-falen in kosɔn, an b’o wele ko Unbalanced Translocation . O waati de la kɛnɛyako gɛlɛya suguya caman bɛ daminɛ ka na.

Yala o ye mɔgɔw jiginni dɔrɔn de ye wa? Yɛlɛma wɛrɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ kolosinsinnanw na

Ka fara jiginni kan, fɛn damadɔ wɛrɛw bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka kɛ kolosinsinnanw jɔcogo la. Olu fana bɛ se ka farikolojɔli baara tiɲɛ an farikolo la ani ka nɔ bila farikolokisɛw ni farikolo yɔrɔw baara la. An k’a lajɛ u ye min ye.

Yɛlɛma suguya Min bɛ kɛ dɔrɔn
Deletion (Bɔli) kɛli Chromosome yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ kari ka bɔ a la. O bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jamu nafama caman walima kɛmɛ caman bɔnɛ farikolo la.
Duplikasiyɔn kɛli Chromosome yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ kopi kɛ siɲɛ fila cogo la min tɛ bɛn, o bɛ kunnafoni caman di jamu kan.
Inversion (ka yɔrɔ dɔ wuli ka taa a fan wɛrɛ fɛ) . Kɔrɔmu dɔ bɛ kari yɔrɔ fila la, o kɔ, o yɔrɔ bɛ wuli ka nɔrɔ kokura.
Yɛlɛma gɛlɛn wɛrɛw Yɛlɛma gɛlɛnbaw bɛ se ka kɛ, i n’a fɔ isochromosomes (kromozomu minnu bolo fila bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta) ani ring chromosomes (chromosomes minnu cogoya bɛ i n’a fɔ bololanɛgɛ).

Tuma jumɛn na nin jiginni in nafa ka bon?

Kɔnɔnatumu miliyɔn caman bɛ an fari la. Ni o selilu kelen dɔrɔn de ye nin fɛn sugu in kɛ, o tɛna nɔba bila a la. N’a sɔrɔ o selilɛri bɛna sa waati dɔ kɔfɛ.

Nka, o jiginni in ka jugu tiɲɛ na, wa a nafa ka bon dɔrɔn ni a kɛra ba ka kɔnɔbara la (owum), fa ka cɛya la (sperm), walima selilɛri fɔlɔ min bɛ sɔrɔ u fila ka jɛɲɔgɔnya fɛ (zygote).

Miiri k’a filɛ, o seli kelen bɛ tila ka tila ka tila ka kɛ den dafalen ye. O kɔrɔ ye ko den farikolo kɔnɔ selilu kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ o jiginni in sɔrɔ. O waati de la bana suguya caman bɛ sɔrɔ jamu kunnafoniw caya walima u dɔgɔyali fɛ.

Tuma dɔw la, o yɛlɛma bɛ kɛ den kɔnɔma kɔfɛ. O kɔ, farikolo yɔrɔ dɔw bɛ se ka kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ ani farikolo yɔrɔ dɔw bɛ se ka kɛ ni jiginni ye. An b' o wele ko Mozayika .

An ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo lakika misali dɔ lajɛ.

Walisa k’o faamu ka ɲɛ, an ka misali dɔ ta. Miiri k’a filɛ mɔgɔ dɔ bɛ yen, an k’a wele ko Sunil. Bana si tɛ Sunil la, a ka kɛnɛ. Nka n’an y’a ka jɛnɛya Lajɛ, a bɛ 'yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ-ko balannen Kɛ a ka kolosinsinnan 7nan ni 21nan 'cɛ. O kɔrɔ ye ko yɔrɔw ɲɔgɔn falen-falen, nka jamu kunnafoni wajibiyalenw bɛɛ b’a fari la. O kama, gɛlɛya si t’a la.

Gɛlɛya bɛ na ni den dabɔra. Ni cɛya in kɛra Sunil fari la, kolosinsinnan fila bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan. Yan, a ka c’a la, cɛya dɔw bɛ se ka kolosinsinnan 7nan ta ni 21nan yɔrɔ nɔrɔlen ye kolosinsinnan 7nan nɔrɔlen nɔ na. O waati kelen na, kolosinsinnan 21nan nɔrɔlen fana bɛ se ka taa o cɛya la.

Sisan, mun bɛ kɛ ni o cɛya in farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni kɔnɔ kɛnɛman ye ani ni den bangera? Ba bɛ kolosinsinnan 21nan kelen sɔrɔ. Fa (Sunil) bɛ kolosinsinnan 21nan nɔrɔlen ni kolosinsinnan 21nan yɔrɔ min nɔrɔlen don kolosinsinnan 7. O kɔfɛ, den ka selilɛriw bɛ ni kunnafoni saba ye minnu bɛ sɔrɔ jamu la minnu bɛ tali kɛ kolosinsinnan 21. An bɛ o de wele ko Down syndrome

Sisan, yala aw y’a faamu cogo min na mɔgɔ min ka jiginni bɛ balan, o bɛ se ka den sɔrɔ min ka jiginni balannen tɛ, hali ni taamasiɲɛ si t’a la wa?

Bana minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ

Furakɛcogo kunbaba damadɔ bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ.

Dɔgɔtɔrɔso cogoya Tuma caman na, kolosinsinnanw ni ɲɛfɔli
Down syndrome (banakisɛfagalan min bɛ wele ko Down syndrome). Nin bana in ka teli ka sɔrɔ kolosinsinnan 21 kopi saba sɔrɔli fɛ fila nɔ na (Trisomy 21). Nka, bana kɛmɛsarada la, a hakɛ fitinin dɔ bɛ sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ. A ka ca a la, o ye fɛnw falen-falen ye kolosinsinnan 14 ni 21. O denmisɛnniw bɛ se ka gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ dusukun na, dumunikɛminɛnw na ani kɔkolo la.
Jolidɛsɛ miyɛlojeni basigilen (CML) . Nin ye joli kansɛri suguya dɔ ye. A bɛ sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ kolosinsinnan 9 ni 22 cɛ, kolosinsinnan 22nan kura min bɛ sɔrɔ o sababu la, o bɛ wele ko Filadɛlifi kolosinsinnan.O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka anzimu dɔ bɔ min tɛ cogo la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kansɛribanakisɛw bonya u yɛrɛ ma.
Linfoma ni jolidɛsɛ suguya wɛrɛw Ni jiginni kɛra kolosinsinnan wɛrɛw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, i n’a fɔ kolosinsinnan 8 ni 11, o fana bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jolidɛsɛ ni jolidɛsɛ suguya caman sɔrɔ.

Take-Home cikan

  • Yɛlɛma bɛ se ka kɛ farati tɛ a la (a bɛ se ka kɛ balansi ye), walima a bɛ se ka bana jugumanw lase mɔgɔ ma (a tɛ balansi sɔrɔ).
  • Ni aw ye jiginni balannen sɔrɔ, aw bɛ se ka ɲɛnamaya kɛ kɛnɛya la. Gɛlɛya minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ i la, olu dɔrɔn de ye ni denw ye.
  • Nin bana in bɛ se ka sɔrɔ bangebagaw fɛ, walima a bɛ se ka kɛ kura ye kɔnɔmaya waati.
  • "Fura" tɛ 'yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la, bari a bɛ farikolo yɔrɔ bɛɛ la. Nka, bana minnu bɛ sɔrɔ a la, olu bɛ se ka furakɛ.
  • Nin tɛ bana ye min bɛ mɔgɔw minɛ. Aw bɛ se ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni mɔgɔ wɛrɛw ye, ka cɛnimusoya kɛ, ka joli di aw ma k’a sɔrɔ aw ma siran foyi ɲɛ.
  • Ni bana dɔ bɛ aw ka denbaya kɔnɔ, walima ni siga walima ɲininkali dɔ bɛ aw la o ko la, a ka fisa ka taa aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ walima dɔgɔtɔrɔ fɛ ka kuma o kan.

Translocation, Chromosome, Gene, Down syndrome, Kansɛri, Jɛnɛya banaw, Jɛnɛya jiginni, Chromosome, Down syndrome, Leukemia
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Ko foyi ma bila fɔlɔ. Aw ka kuma fɔlen fara a kan yan a siɲɛ fɔlɔ la.

Aw ka kuma fɔlen fara a kan

Aw ye jatebɔ kɛ: 2 + 7 =
Jɛnkuluw ka ɲɔgɔn falen-falen kabakoma - nin ye translocation ye ! (Jɛkulu jiginni) .

Jɛnkuluw ka ɲɔgɔn falen-falen kabakoma - nin ye translocation ye ! (Jɛkulu jiginni) .

An bɛɛ b’an ka jamu kunnafoniw mara an farikolo yɔrɔw kɔnɔ. A bɛ iko gafe minnu bɛ gafemarayɔrɔba dɔ kɔnɔ. An b’o gafew wele ko kolosinsinnan. An bɛ bonya ni tilancɛ ye an ba fɛ, tilancɛ bɛ bɔ an fa fɛ. Nka miiri k’a filɛ, tuma dɔw la, o gafew ɲɛ fila bɛ tigɛ, ka gafe kelen ɲɛ kelen bɛ nɔrɔ tɔ kelen na, ka gafe tɔ kelen ɲɛ kelen nɔrɔ nin gafe in na. An bɛ translocation (yɔrɔ -yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ) Weele o cogo de la furakɛli la ni kolosinsinnan fla yɔrɔ dɔw karilen dòn ka Yɛlɛma ka Taa ɲɔgɔn na. Aw kana siran ni aw ye nin tɔgɔ in mɛn. Nin bɛ se ka kɛ mɔgɔ caman na, wa a bɛ se ka kɛ u yɛrɛ tɛ o dɔn. An k’a lajɛ o ye min ye tiɲɛ na.

O jamu caman cili in bɛ wele ko Translocation (Translocation) ye mun ye?

Simply put, a translocation is a change in the structure of chromosomes. O bɛ kɛ ni kolosinsinnan kelen yɔrɔ dɔ karilen don ka nɔrɔ kolosinsinnan wɛrɛ la. Tuma dɔw la, kolosinsinnan filanan yɔrɔ karilen fana bɛ se ka nɔrɔ fɔlɔ la.

An ka selilu kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔnɔna na, kolosinsinnan fila-fila 23 bɛ yen. O ye kolosinsinnan 46 ye. Olu la, fila-fila 22 bɛ farikolo cogoya tɔw bɛɛ ɲɛnabɔ (autosomes), k’a sɔrɔ fila laban bɛ an cɛya ni musoya dantigɛ (X ni Y chromosomes).

Yɛlɛma bɛ Se ka Tla suguba fla ye:

1. Reciprocal Translocation: O ye waati ye ni kolosinsinnan fila danfaralenw yɔrɔw bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen. Miiri k’a filɛ, kolosinsinnan 7 yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ taa kolosinsinnan 21 na, ani kolosinsinnan 21 yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ taa kolosinsinnan 7nan na.

2. Robertsonian Translocation: O ye waati ye ni kolosinsinnan kelen nɔrɔlen don pewu kolosinsinnan wɛrɛ la.

Sisan, fɛn nafama wɛrɛ bɛ yen. Ni o yɔrɔw bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen, nka kunnafoni si ma tunun walima ka sɔrɔ jamu kan, an b’o wele ko Balanced Translocation . A ka ca a la, o tigi tɛ kɛnɛyako gɛlɛya si sɔrɔ. Nka, ni jamu kunnafoni dɔw tununna walima ni u sɔrɔla o ɲɔgɔn falen-falen in kosɔn, an b’o wele ko Unbalanced Translocation . O waati de la kɛnɛyako gɛlɛya suguya caman bɛ daminɛ ka na.

Yala o ye mɔgɔw jiginni dɔrɔn de ye wa? Yɛlɛma wɛrɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ kolosinsinnanw na

Ka fara jiginni kan, fɛn damadɔ wɛrɛw bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka kɛ kolosinsinnanw jɔcogo la. Olu fana bɛ se ka farikolojɔli baara tiɲɛ an farikolo la ani ka nɔ bila farikolokisɛw ni farikolo yɔrɔw baara la. An k’a lajɛ u ye min ye.

Yɛlɛma suguya Min bɛ kɛ dɔrɔn
Deletion (Bɔli) kɛli Chromosome yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ kari ka bɔ a la. O bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jamu nafama caman walima kɛmɛ caman bɔnɛ farikolo la.
Duplikasiyɔn kɛli Chromosome yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ kopi kɛ siɲɛ fila cogo la min tɛ bɛn, o bɛ kunnafoni caman di jamu kan.
Inversion (ka yɔrɔ dɔ wuli ka taa a fan wɛrɛ fɛ) . Kɔrɔmu dɔ bɛ kari yɔrɔ fila la, o kɔ, o yɔrɔ bɛ wuli ka nɔrɔ kokura.
Yɛlɛma gɛlɛn wɛrɛw Yɛlɛma gɛlɛnbaw bɛ se ka kɛ, i n’a fɔ isochromosomes (kromozomu minnu bolo fila bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta) ani ring chromosomes (chromosomes minnu cogoya bɛ i n’a fɔ bololanɛgɛ).

Tuma jumɛn na nin jiginni in nafa ka bon?

Kɔnɔnatumu miliyɔn caman bɛ an fari la. Ni o selilu kelen dɔrɔn de ye nin fɛn sugu in kɛ, o tɛna nɔba bila a la. N’a sɔrɔ o selilɛri bɛna sa waati dɔ kɔfɛ.

Nka, o jiginni in ka jugu tiɲɛ na, wa a nafa ka bon dɔrɔn ni a kɛra ba ka kɔnɔbara la (owum), fa ka cɛya la (sperm), walima selilɛri fɔlɔ min bɛ sɔrɔ u fila ka jɛɲɔgɔnya fɛ (zygote).

Miiri k’a filɛ, o seli kelen bɛ tila ka tila ka tila ka kɛ den dafalen ye. O kɔrɔ ye ko den farikolo kɔnɔ selilu kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ o jiginni in sɔrɔ. O waati de la bana suguya caman bɛ sɔrɔ jamu kunnafoniw caya walima u dɔgɔyali fɛ.

Tuma dɔw la, o yɛlɛma bɛ kɛ den kɔnɔma kɔfɛ. O kɔ, farikolo yɔrɔ dɔw bɛ se ka kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ ani farikolo yɔrɔ dɔw bɛ se ka kɛ ni jiginni ye. An b' o wele ko Mozayika .

An ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo lakika misali dɔ lajɛ.

Walisa k’o faamu ka ɲɛ, an ka misali dɔ ta. Miiri k’a filɛ mɔgɔ dɔ bɛ yen, an k’a wele ko Sunil. Bana si tɛ Sunil la, a ka kɛnɛ. Nka n’an y’a ka jɛnɛya Lajɛ, a bɛ 'yɔrɔ-yɔrɔ-ko balannen Kɛ a ka kolosinsinnan 7nan ni 21nan 'cɛ. O kɔrɔ ye ko yɔrɔw ɲɔgɔn falen-falen, nka jamu kunnafoni wajibiyalenw bɛɛ b’a fari la. O kama, gɛlɛya si t’a la.

Gɛlɛya bɛ na ni den dabɔra. Ni cɛya in kɛra Sunil fari la, kolosinsinnan fila bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan. Yan, a ka c’a la, cɛya dɔw bɛ se ka kolosinsinnan 7nan ta ni 21nan yɔrɔ nɔrɔlen ye kolosinsinnan 7nan nɔrɔlen nɔ na. O waati kelen na, kolosinsinnan 21nan nɔrɔlen fana bɛ se ka taa o cɛya la.

Sisan, mun bɛ kɛ ni o cɛya in farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni kɔnɔ kɛnɛman ye ani ni den bangera? Ba bɛ kolosinsinnan 21nan kelen sɔrɔ. Fa (Sunil) bɛ kolosinsinnan 21nan nɔrɔlen ni kolosinsinnan 21nan yɔrɔ min nɔrɔlen don kolosinsinnan 7. O kɔfɛ, den ka selilɛriw bɛ ni kunnafoni saba ye minnu bɛ sɔrɔ jamu la minnu bɛ tali kɛ kolosinsinnan 21. An bɛ o de wele ko Down syndrome

Sisan, yala aw y’a faamu cogo min na mɔgɔ min ka jiginni bɛ balan, o bɛ se ka den sɔrɔ min ka jiginni balannen tɛ, hali ni taamasiɲɛ si t’a la wa?

Bana minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ

Furakɛcogo kunbaba damadɔ bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ.

Dɔgɔtɔrɔso cogoya Tuma caman na, kolosinsinnanw ni ɲɛfɔli
Down syndrome (banakisɛfagalan min bɛ wele ko Down syndrome). Nin bana in ka teli ka sɔrɔ kolosinsinnan 21 kopi saba sɔrɔli fɛ fila nɔ na (Trisomy 21). Nka, bana kɛmɛsarada la, a hakɛ fitinin dɔ bɛ sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ. A ka ca a la, o ye fɛnw falen-falen ye kolosinsinnan 14 ni 21. O denmisɛnniw bɛ se ka gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ dusukun na, dumunikɛminɛnw na ani kɔkolo la.
Jolidɛsɛ miyɛlojeni basigilen (CML) . Nin ye joli kansɛri suguya dɔ ye. A bɛ sɔrɔ jiginni fɛ kolosinsinnan 9 ni 22 cɛ, kolosinsinnan 22nan kura min bɛ sɔrɔ o sababu la, o bɛ wele ko Filadɛlifi kolosinsinnan.O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka anzimu dɔ bɔ min tɛ cogo la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kansɛribanakisɛw bonya u yɛrɛ ma.
Linfoma ni jolidɛsɛ suguya wɛrɛw Ni jiginni kɛra kolosinsinnan wɛrɛw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, i n’a fɔ kolosinsinnan 8 ni 11, o fana bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jolidɛsɛ ni jolidɛsɛ suguya caman sɔrɔ.

Take-Home cikan

  • Yɛlɛma bɛ se ka kɛ farati tɛ a la (a bɛ se ka kɛ balansi ye), walima a bɛ se ka bana jugumanw lase mɔgɔ ma (a tɛ balansi sɔrɔ).
  • Ni aw ye jiginni balannen sɔrɔ, aw bɛ se ka ɲɛnamaya kɛ kɛnɛya la. Gɛlɛya minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ i la, olu dɔrɔn de ye ni denw ye.
  • Nin bana in bɛ se ka sɔrɔ bangebagaw fɛ, walima a bɛ se ka kɛ kura ye kɔnɔmaya waati.
  • "Fura" tɛ 'yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la, bari a bɛ farikolo yɔrɔ bɛɛ la. Nka, bana minnu bɛ sɔrɔ a la, olu bɛ se ka furakɛ.
  • Nin tɛ bana ye min bɛ mɔgɔw minɛ. Aw bɛ se ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni mɔgɔ wɛrɛw ye, ka cɛnimusoya kɛ, ka joli di aw ma k’a sɔrɔ aw ma siran foyi ɲɛ.
  • Ni bana dɔ bɛ aw ka denbaya kɔnɔ, walima ni siga walima ɲininkali dɔ bɛ aw la o ko la, a ka fisa ka taa aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ walima dɔgɔtɔrɔ fɛ ka kuma o kan.

Translocation, Chromosome, Gene, Down syndrome, Kansɛri, Jɛnɛya banaw, Jɛnɛya jiginni, Chromosome, Down syndrome, Leukemia
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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