Ðe nèkpɔa amadedewo hã le mɔ bubu nua? Mina míasrɔ̃ nu tso amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ŋu le mɔ bɔbɔe aɖe nu!

Èbu eŋu kpɔ be ɖe alesi nèkpɔa amadedewoe to vovo vie tso alesi ame bubuwo kpɔa woe gbɔa? Alo ɖe wòsesẽna vie na viwò suea be wòade dzesi amadedewoa? Ðewohĩ nusi gbɔ esia tsoe nye amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu, si nye nɔnɔme si me ɖevia mete ŋu dea vovototo amadedewo dome nyuie o. Le nyateƒe me la, esia nye nusi wokpɔna le ame geɖe dome.

Nukae nye Amadede ƒe Ŋkuʋuʋu?

Kpuie ko la, amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu, alo `Amadede ƒe Nukpɔkpɔ ƒe Gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ`, nye ne mète ŋu kpɔa amadedewo abe alesi ame bubuwo kpɔa woe zi geɖe ene o. Esia dzɔna elabena lãmeka tɔxɛ siwo woyɔna be `cones` siwo le míaƒe ŋkuwo me mewɔa dɔ nyuie o. Ènyaa, lãmenugbagbevi siawo siwo woyɔna be cone cells le abe antenna sue siwo xɔa kekeli si gena ɖe ŋkua me heɖonɛ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a me ene, eye esiae nana míekpɔa amadedewo.

Ame akpa gãtɔ siwo ƒe amadede menya kpɔna o la mekpɔa amadedewo katã kokoko o. Ame aɖewo li siwo wɔa esia, gake womebɔ kura o. Ame akpa gãtɔ te ŋu kpɔa amadede vovovowo, gake amadede aɖewo ƒe dzedzeme to vovo na bubuwo. Ate ŋu asesẽ na wo be woade vovototo amadede alo amadede aɖewo ƒe vɔvɔli me.

Le ame geɖe gome la, nɔnɔme sia nye nusi ƒe dome wonyi tso wo dzilawo gbɔ. Vevietɔ la, amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu si bɔ wu la tso vidadaa gbɔ yi ɖevia gbɔ. Ke hã, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, nɔnɔme sia ate ŋu ado mo ɖa le eƒe tsitsime le dɔléle bubuwo alo nu bubuwo ta.

Ne èsusu be dɔléle sia ate ŋu anɔ ye alo viwòa ŋu la, ele vevie be nànya ƒomevi si tututu wònye kple alesi gbegbe wòsẽe. Eyata yi ŋkudɔdala alo ŋkudɔdala gbɔ nàƒo nu tso eŋu.

Nukatae esia dzɔna ɖo? Nukae dzɔna le ŋkua me? (Ŋgɔdonya kpui aɖe tso cone cells ŋu)

Be míase amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi vovovoawo gɔme la, mina míasrɔ̃ nu vi aɖe tso cone cells ŋu gbã. Bu wo be wonye amadede ƒe dzesi siwo le míaƒe ŋkuwo me. Wole míaƒe ŋku ƒe akpa aɖe si woyɔna be ŋku ƒe ŋkume.

Zi geɖe la, lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi etɔ̃ siwo woyɔna be cone cells le mí katã ƒe ŋkuwo me:

• Dzĩ-sensitive cone cells (L cones): Esiawoe dea dzesi ƒutsotsoe didiwo (kekeli ƒe akpa si le dzĩe).
• Green-sensitive cone cells (M cones): Esiawo dea dzesi ƒutsotsoe siwo ƒe didime le titina (kekeli ƒe akpa si le amadede dzẽ me).
• Blue-sensitive cone cells (S cones): Esiawo dea dzesi ƒutsotsoe kpuiwo (kekeli ƒe akpa si le blɔ).

Cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã le ame akpa gãtɔ si, eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie. Gake le amesi ŋu amadede ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu le gome la, lãmenugbagbevi siawo dometɔ ɖeka alo esi wu nenema mewɔa dɔ nyuie o. Esiae nye esime alesi míekpɔa amadedewo trɔna.

Azɔ mina míalé ŋku ɖe amadedewo ƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe hatsotso vevi siwo wotu ɖe cone cell agbɔsɔsɔme si le wo me kple alesi wowɔa dɔe dzi ŋu:

Ne èkpɔ amadedewo katã nyuie (`Trichromacy`) .

Esia fia be cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã le wò ŋkuwo me, eye wole dɔ wɔm nyuie. Àte ŋu akpɔ amadede siwo katã le kekeli si wokpɔna me le mɔ si sɔ nu.Esia nye amadede ƒe nukpɔkpɔ blibo.

Vovototo sue aɖe le amadede aɖewo me (`Anomalous trichromacy`)

Le afisia la, cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã le asiwò, gake ƒomevi ɖeka mesea veve abe bubuawo ene o. Ema fia be mate ŋu afɔ amadede siwo do ƒome kplii o. Eyata màte ŋu akpɔ amadedewo le mɔ si sɔ nu o. Ame aɖe si ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie vie ate ŋu akpɔ amadede siwo me kɔ. Ne esẽ vie la, woate ŋu akpɔ amadede siwo le keklẽm, siwo do viviti gɔ̃ hã le mɔ bubu nu. Woyɔa nɔnɔme siawo ƒomevi be anomalies, si fia be woƒe akpa aɖe dzena.

Ŋutete si mele ame si be wòakpɔ amadede ɖeka kura o (`Dichromacy`) .

Nusi dzɔna enye be wodzi wò cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo dometɔ ɖeka manɔmee. Eyata cone cell ƒomevi eve le asiwò (zi geɖe la, cone dzĩ (L) alo green (M), tsɔ kpe ɖe S cone siwo sea veve ɖe blɔ nu ŋu). Amadede siwo cone cell ƒomevi eve mawo ate ŋu ade dzesii koe nèkpɔna le xexeame. Esesẽna ŋutɔ be woade vovototo amadede viviwo dome. Woyɔa nɔnɔme siawo ƒomevi be anopia, si fia be màte ŋu akpɔ amadede aɖe kura o.

Monochromacy (amadedewo kpɔkpɔ kura o) .

Le afisia la, cone cell ƒomevi ɖeka koe le asiwò, alo cone cellawo dometɔ aɖeke mewɔa dɔ nyuie o. Eyata wò ŋutete be nàde dzesi amadedewo la se ɖe afi aɖe ŋutɔ, eye ɖewohĩ màkpɔ amadede aɖeke kura o, eye xexeame nye ɣie ko.

Amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi si bɔ wu

Esiae nye amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi si bɔ wu . Ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe alesi nèkpɔa amadede ɖesiaɖe si wotsaka kple dzĩ alo amadede dzẽ dzi. Esia ƒe hatsotso sue vevi enee li:

• Protanopia: Le nɔnɔme sia me la, wò L cones siwo sea veve dzĩ la bu. Eyata màte ŋu akpɔ akaɖi dzĩ o. Zi geɖe la, èkpɔa amadedewo be wonye blɔ alo sika ƒe vɔvɔliwo. Woate ŋu atɔtɔ dzodzro ƒe amadede vovovowo kple yevu. Woate ŋu atɔtɔ amadede siwo ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi, dzĩ, kple aŋutiɖiɖi hã.
• Deuteranopia: Afi siae wò M cones siwo sea veve damawo mele o. Eyata màte ŋu akpɔ kekeli dama o. Èkpɔa blɔ kple sika zi geɖe. Woate ŋu atɔtɔ amadede dzĩ aɖewo kple amadede dama. Woate ŋu atɔtɔ amadede ɣi kple amadede dzẽ si me kɔ hã.
• Protanomaly: Cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã le asiwò, gake L cone la mesea veve ɖe dzodzro nu nenema gbegbe o. Dzĩ ate ŋu adze abe aŋutiɖiɖi vivi ene , eye amadede siwo katã me dzĩ le ate ŋu adze abe ɖe womeklẽna boo o ene.
• Deuteranomaly: Cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã le asiwò, gake M cone la mesea veve ɖe amadede dzẽ nu nenema gbegbe o. Zi geɖe la, èkpɔa amadede blɔ, ɣi, kple zi geɖe la, amadede siwo me mekɔna o.

`Protanopia` kple `Deuteranopia` nye `Dichromacy` si míeyɔ va yi (amadede ɖeka kpɔkpɔ kura ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ) ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo. `Protanomaly` kple `Deuteranomaly` nye `Anomalous trichromacy` (vovototo sue aɖe le amadede aɖewo me) ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo.

Àte ŋu ase nya siwo nye "protan" kple "deutan" hã. Esiawo nye nya kpui siwo wozãna tsɔ ɖɔa ŋutetemanɔamesi be woade vovototo amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ dome. "Deutan" fia amadede dzẽ (wò M cone cells siwo sea veve ɖe amadede dzẽ nu la gbɔdzɔ alo womegbɔdzɔ o). "Protan" fia dzodzro (wò L cone cells siwo sea dzodzro dzĩ la gbɔdzɔ alo womegbɔdzɔ o).

Nukatae esia dzɔna ɖe ŋutsuwo dzi wu?

Amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu sia bɔ ɖe ŋutsuwo me wu. Nusitae nye be domenyiŋusẽfianu si na esia le X domenyiŋusẽfianu dzi. Abe alesi nènyae ene la, X domenyiŋusẽfianu ɖeka le ŋutsuwo si, evɔ X domenyiŋusẽfianu eve le nyɔnuwo si. Eyata ne domenyiŋusẽfianu si gblẽ le ŋutsu aɖe si le X domenyiŋusẽfianu ɖeka ma ŋu la, nɔnɔme sia anɔ eŋu. Gake ne nu gblẽ le nyɔnu aɖe ŋu le X domenyiŋusẽfianu ɖeka ŋu gɔ̃ hã la, domenyiŋusẽfianu si le lãmesẽ me si le X domenyiŋusẽfianu kemɛa dzi ate ŋu aɖu edzi.

Amadede blɔ-yibɔ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu

Amadede blɔ-yibɔ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu (si woyɔna hã be `tritan defects`) mebɔ kura o wu ŋkuagbãtɔ dzĩ-amadede. Esia ƒomevi eve hã li:

• Tritanopia: S cone siwo sea blɔ-sensitive la mele asiwò o. Eyata màte ŋu akpɔ kekeli blɔ o. Èkpɔa dzodzro, blɔ si me kɔ, pink, kple lavender zi geɖe.
• Tritanomaly: Cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã le asiwò, gake S cone la mesea veve ɖe blɔ nu nenema gbegbe o. Blu dzena amadede dzẽ, eye ɣi ate ŋu aɖiɖi ŋutɔ alo womate ŋu akpɔe kura o.

Ŋutete sia si mete ŋu dea dzesi amadede blɔ kple ɣi o la gblẽa nu le ŋutsuwo kple nyɔnuwo siaa ŋu sɔsɔe.

Nɔnɔme siwo mebɔ kura o

Esia ku ɖe amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi eve siwo mebɔ kura o, si fia be ƒã hafi wokpɔna, ŋu.

Blu cone lãmenugbagbeviwo koe wɔa dɔ (`Blue cone monochromacy`) .

Esiae nye ƒomevi si mebɔ o wu. Le afisia la, L-kɔ siwo sea nu dzĩ alo M-kɔ siwo sea veve ɖe amadede dzẽ nu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie la mele asiwò o. S cone siwo sea blɔ-sensitive la koe le asiwò. Eyata esesẽna ŋutɔ be woade vovototo amadedewo dome, eye zi geɖe la, amadede ɣiwo koe nèkpɔna. Tsɔ kpe ɖe esia ŋu la, ŋku ƒe kuxi bubuwo abe fotovɔvɔ̃, nystagmus, kple nukpɔkpɔ kpuie hã ate ŋu ado mo ɖa.

Nɔnɔme si me womekpɔ amadede aɖeke o (`Achromatopsia` alo `Rod monochromacy`) .

Achromatopsia nye ne wò cone cells katã alo akpa gãtɔ bu, alo womewɔa dɔ nyuie o. Èkpɔa nusianu abe aŋutiɖiɖi ƒe vɔvɔliwo ene. Esia ate ŋu ahe ŋku ƒe kuxi bubu siwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wò agbenɔnɔ dzi vevie hã vɛ.

Ameka ŋue nɔnɔme sia gblẽa nu le wu? Aleke gbegbe wòbɔe?

Amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu si wodzina la dzea ŋutsuwo dzi zi geɖe. Esia le alea elabena wonyie le domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme me (si woyɔna be `X-linked recessive`). Nɔnɔme sia si ƒe dome wonyi la bɔ ɖe ŋutsuwo me wu.

Azɔ hã, nɔnɔme sia ate ŋu ava emegbe le dɔléle aɖewo, atikewo, alo nutoa me ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo ta. Ate ŋu adzɔ ɖe ame sia ame dzi.

Azɔ na míakpɔ alesi esia bɔe ɖa.

Le Dziehe Europatɔwo dome la, amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu dzea ŋutsu abe 1 le 12 ɖesiaɖe me kple 1 le 200 ɖesiaɖe me dzi. Xexlẽme siawo toa vovo le to si me wotso nu. Numekuku aɖewo ɖee fia be nɔnɔme sia bɔ ɖe Europatɔwo dome wu.

Le ƒomevi bubu siwo mebɔ o gome la:

• Amadede blɔ-yibɔ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ gblẽa nu le ame siwo ade ɖeka le 10,000 ɖesiaɖe me ŋu.
• Nɔnɔme si nye be womekpɔ amadede aɖeke o (`Achromatopsia`) gblẽa nu le ame abe ɖeka le 30,000 ɖesiaɖe me ŋu.
• Ame ɖeka le 100,000 ɖesiaɖe me koe blue cone monochromacy gblẽa nu le.

Le nusianu me la, ame abe miliɔn 300 ene le xexeame katã ƒe amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi aɖe (zi geɖe la, amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ).

Susu kawo tae míete ŋu dea dzesi amadedewo o?

Woate ŋu anyi amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒe dome alo axɔe le eƒe tsitsime. Nusiwo gbɔ wo ame evea siaa tso la to vovo.

Nusiwo gbɔ wòtsona wodzia (domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi) .

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ ƒe tɔtrɔ le wò domenyiŋusẽfianu me tae wodzi wò kple amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ɖo.

Amadede dzĩ-amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi si bɔ wu la nyia dome to X domenyiŋusẽfianu (`X-linked recessive inheritance`) dzi. Zi geɖe la, nɔnɔme sia ƒomevi si ƒe dome wonyi la dzea ŋutsuviwo dzi eye mebɔ ɖe nyɔnuviwo me o. Mɔ bɔbɔe aɖe si dzi nàto aɖe alesi wonyi amadede dzĩ kple amadede dzẽ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒe domee nye esi:

Le ŋutsuvi gome la:

• Ne nɔnɔme sia le vidadaa ŋu la, ɖevia hã anyie dome.
• Ne vidadaa nye amesi tsɔa dɔlélea (si fia be vidadaa ƒe X domenyiŋusẽfianu ɖeka koe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ sia le, eye evelia le lãmesẽ me, eyata dzesi aɖeke mele vidadaa ŋu o), mɔnukpɔkpɔ 50% le ɖevia si be wòanyi nɔnɔmea ƒe dome.
• Ne vifofoa koe dɔléle sia le eŋu la, viŋutsua manyie dome o. Elabena vifofoa tsɔa Y domenyiŋusẽfianu naa ŋutsuviwo, eye wònaa X domenyiŋusẽfianu nyɔnuviwo.

Le nyɔnuvi gome la:

• Ne nɔnɔme sia le vidadaa kple fofoa siaa ŋu la, ɖevia hã anyie dome.
• Ne nɔnɔmea le vifofoa ŋu, gake vidadaa ya mele nenema o (dadaa menye amesi tsɔe o) la, ɖevia anye amesi tsɔe.
• Ne nɔnɔmea le vifofoa ŋu eye vidadaa hã nye amesi tsɔe la, mɔnukpɔkpɔ 50% le ɖevia si be wòanyi dɔlélea ƒe dome alo mɔnukpɔkpɔ 50% be wòazu amesi tsɔe.

Nusiwo gbɔ wòtso siwo woxɔ

Nu geɖe li siwo ate ŋu ahe amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu (zi geɖe la, amadede blɔ kple ɣi ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu) si va nɔa ame ŋu le eƒe tsitsime vɛ. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Atike siwo gblẽa nu le wò lãmekawo ŋu la zazã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nusiwo wotsɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔe, atike siwo wotsɔ tsaka, kple ga kpekpewo.
• Kekeli me nɔnɔ ɣeyiɣi didi esime wole welding wɔm.
• Atike aɖewo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, atike aɖe si woyɔna be `hydroxychloroquine` (wotsɔa esia naa dɔlélewo abe ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ene).
• Ŋkudɔlélewo. Kpɔɖeŋuwo: ŋku ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie (AMD), ŋkudɔ, kple ŋkudɔ.
• Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le wò ahɔhɔ̃ alo lãmekawo ŋu. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye: Suklidɔ, Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle, kple Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu si va dona le eƒe tsitsime mebɔ vie wu esi nɔa anyi le vidzidzi me o.

Nukae nye esia ƒe dzesiwo? Aleke nèwɔ dea dzesii?

Ne esiawo dometɔ aɖe le ŋuwò la, ɖewohĩ amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒomevi aɖe hã le ŋuwò:

• Esesẽna be woade vovototo amadede alo amadede aɖewo ƒe vɔvɔli aɖewo me ahade dzesi wo.
• Tɔtrɔ le alesi amadede aɖewo ƒe keklẽ dzenae ŋu.

Gake be nàde dzesi dzesi siawo la, ele be nànya be ele be yeadi wo. Zi geɖe la, amesiwo ŋu amadede ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu le menya nu tso eŋu o elabena wokpɔa amadedewo le mɔ ɖeka nu ɣesiaɣi. Eyata womekpɔnɛ dzea sii be vovototo le alesi yewokpɔa amadedewoe me o.

Esia tae wòle vevie ŋutɔ be nàna viwòa ƒe ŋkuwo nado nyuie ahado amadede ƒe ŋkumekpɔnu kpɔ hafi wòadze suku gɔme. Elabena wozãa amadedewo le dodokpɔ kple nusɔsrɔ̃ geɖe me le suku. Nu siawo ate ŋu asesẽ na ɖevi siwo kpɔa amadede vovovowo. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, ne ède dzesi nane si mesɔ o kple amadede dzĩ eye nède dzesi nane si sɔ kple amadede dzẽ la, ate ŋu asesẽ na ɖevi si mate ŋu ade dzesi vovototo si le wo ame evea dome o la be wòase nusi wɔm wole gbegblẽ kple nusi wɔm wole nyuie gɔme, alo?

Aleke ɖɔkta aɖe dea dzesi esia? (Ku ɖe `Ishihara dodokpɔ` ŋu)

Ŋkudɔdalawo zãa dodokpɔ geɖe tsɔ dea dzesi amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu.

`Ishihara dodokpɔ` nye dodokpɔ si wozãna wu tsɔ dea dzesi amadede dzĩ-amadede dzẽ ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu. Le dodokpɔ sia me la, ɖɔkta la fiaa ``amadede ƒe agbalẽvi siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo.`` Teƒe suewo ƒe nɔnɔme le agbalẽvi ɖesiaɖe ŋu. Xexlẽdzesi (nɔnɔme aɖe na ɖevi suewo) ɣla ɖe dometsotsoawo dome. Ele be nàgblɔ nusi nèkpɔ le agba ɖesiaɖe dzi. Ame siwo kpɔa amadede bliboe koe xexlẽdzesi siwo le agbalẽvi aɖewo dzi la dzena. Ame siwo ƒe amadede me mekɔ o koe kpɔa agbalẽvi bubuwo. Ðe mewɔ nuku oa?

Wò ɖɔkta anɔ te ɖe `Ishihara dodokpɔ` ƒe emetsonuwo dzi agblɔ na wò nenye be ehiã be nàgawɔ dodokpɔ bubuwo kple nu bubu siwo wòle be nàwɔ be nànya ƒomevi si tututu wònye.

Ne ɖikeke suetɔ kekeake gɔ̃ hã le mewò be ɖewohĩ amadede ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu le ye alo viwòa ŋu la, .Kpɔ ŋkudɔdala enumake eye nàdo wò ŋkuwo kpɔ. Mègaŋlɔ be be yeagblɔ nusi le susu me na wò na ɖɔkta o.

Ƒe nenie wòle be woawɔ dodokpɔ sia na vinyea?

Zi geɖe la, wokafua amadede ƒe nukpɔkpɔ dodokpɔ na ɖevi siwo xɔ ƒe 4 kple edzivɔ. Kaka ɖevi akpa gãtɔ naxɔ ƒe 4 la, woate ŋu aɖo nyabiase siwo ku ɖe nusiwo woate ŋu akpɔ ŋu. Gake anyo wu be nàdo viwòa ƒe ŋkumekpɔ bliboe zi gbãtɔ do ŋgɔ sã, ɖewohĩ hafi wòaxɔ woƒe dzigbezã gbãtɔ gɔ̃ hã.

Nukawoe nye atike siwo wozãna na esia?

Le nyateƒe me la, atikewɔwɔ alo atike aɖeke meli na amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu si wodzina fifia o. Gake ne dɔlélea va le ŋuwò la, wò ɖɔkta ada nusi gbɔ wòtso alo atrɔ asi le wò atikewo ŋu ne ehiã. Esia ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàkpɔ amadedewo nyuie wu.

Ðewohĩ èse ŋkumeɖonu tɔxɛ siwo wozãna na amesiwo ƒe amadede ƒe ŋkuwo gbãna la ŋu nya kpɔ. Glass siawo ate ŋu akpe ɖe amesiwo ŋu anomalous trichromacy (nɔnɔme si me vovototo sue aɖe le le amadede aɖewo me) ƒe nɔnɔme fafɛwo ŋu be woakpɔ amadedewo nyuie wu eye woadze ƒã wu. Glass siawo dzia vovototo si le amadedewo dome ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be ame siwo ƒe amadede me mekɔ o la kpɔa wo nyuie wu. Gake ŋkumeɖobolo siawo mena nèkpɔa amadede yeyewo o, eye womenye dɔléle sia ƒe atike o, eye womeɖɔa kuxi aɖeke si le wò cone cells ŋu hã ɖo o. Nusiwo dona tso eme la toa vovo tso ame ɖeka gbɔ yi bubu gbɔ.

Ne èle ŋkumeɖobolo mawo zazã ŋu bum la, ƒo nu kple ŋkudɔdala gbã be nàkpɔe ɖa be ana tɔtrɔ nava ye ŋutɔŋutɔ hã.

Ðe wòanya wɔ be woaƒo asa na nɔnɔme sia eye woaɖe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔa?

Màte ŋu axe mɔ na amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu be wòagadzɔ le vidzidzi me o. Gake àte ŋu aɖe afɔku si le amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu xɔxɔ me le wò tsitsime dzi akpɔtɔ. Be nàte ŋu awɔ esia la, ele be nàyi ɖɔkta gbɔ zi ɖeka ya teti le ƒea me be wòalé ŋku ɖe wò lãmesẽ ŋu ahanya nusiwo ate ŋu ana nàxɔ amadede ƒe dzedzeme ƒe dɔléle sia. Nyabiase aɖewo siwo nàte ŋu abiae nye esi:

• Ðe afɔku aɖe li be nyemate ŋu ade dzesi amadedewo o le dɔléle si le ŋunye fifia ta?
• Ðe dɔléle sia ate ŋu atso atike siwo zãm mele la dometɔ aɖewo gbɔa?
• Ðe afɔku aɖe le esia me le atikewo alo nu bubu siwo le nye dɔwɔƒe ta?
• Nukae mate ŋu awɔ atsɔ aɖe afɔku sia dzi akpɔtɔ?

Ne màte ŋu ade dzesi amadedewo o la, nukae wòle be nàkpɔ mɔ na?

Ðewohĩ amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu makpɔ ŋusẽ gã aɖeke ɖe wò agbe dzi o, vevietɔ ne wò nɔnɔmea mesẽ o. Gake ne esẽ ale gbegbe la, ate ŋu ado kplamatse wò dɔ, suku, alo gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ. Esia tae wòle vevie be nàƒo nu kple wò ŋkudɔdala tso wò nɔnɔmea kple nusi nàkpɔ mɔ na le etsɔme ŋu.Ne nɔnɔme sia le viwòa ŋu la, bia alesi nàte ŋu akpe ɖe eŋu le sukudɔwo wɔwɔ me.

Ðe esia akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ɖevi ƒe etsɔme dzia?

Dɔwɔɖui aɖewo li siwo ate ŋu asesẽ alo afɔku gɔ̃ hã na amesi ŋu amadede ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu le. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dɔwɔɖuiwo abe elektrikdɔwɔla, yameʋukulawo, atsyãwɔla, alo nutala ene . Gake àte ŋu afia mɔ viwòa ayi dɔ bubu siwo mehiã be wòakpɔ amadedewo o la gbɔ. Àte ŋu abia viwòa ƒe mɔfiala alo nufiala siwo le suku tso esia ŋu.

Ne dɔléle sia le ŋuwò alo viwòa ŋu la, aleke nàwɔ ana gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ nanɔ bɔbɔe wu?

Nuƒoƒo na ame bubu siwo ŋu dɔléle sia le, alo na ɖevi siwo ŋu dɔléle sia le dzilawo ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò ŋutɔ. Woate ŋu agblɔ aɖaŋuɖoɖo kple nyatakaka siwo akpe ɖe ŋuwò le wò gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ me na wò. Aɖaŋuɖoɖo aɖewoe nye esi:

• Ne èle nuwo ƒlem abe awu alo aƒeme amadede ene la, tsɔ xɔ̃wò si nya amadedewo nyuie (``amadede xɔlɔ̃`) vɛ be wòakpe ɖe ŋuwò.
• Ðo ŋku amadedeawo ƒe ɖoɖo si le nuwo abe ʋu ƒe akaɖiwo ene me (abe dzĩ le etame, aŋutiɖiɖi/yibɔ le titina, amadede dzẽ le ete ene).
• De dɔwɔnu siwo akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàde dzesi nusiwo ƒo xlã wò ƒe amadedewo ɖe wò fon dzi.

Ɣekaɣie wòle be makpɔ ɖɔkta?

Nu siawo le vevie ŋutɔ na wò ŋkuwo ƒe lãmesẽ, kpakple wò lãmesẽ bliboa:

• Kpɔ wò ƒomea ƒe ɖɔkta zi ɖeka ya teti le ƒea me.
• Kpɔ ŋkudɔdala alo ŋkudɔdala zi ɖeka ya teti le ƒea me.

Wò ɖɔktawo agblɔ na wò ne ehiã be nàge ɖe eme zi geɖe alo ne ehiã be woawɔ dodokpɔ bubu aɖe na wò.

Mlɔeba la, ele nam be magblɔ be...

Amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu ate ŋu atso esi nu mesẽ o dzi va ɖo esi nu sẽ, eye wòbɔ wu alesi nàsusui. Gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ sue aɖe ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe ame aɖe ƒe agbenɔnɔ dzi. Gake ne ele mɔ xem na wò be màte ŋu aɖo wò taɖodzinuwo gbɔ o la, gɔmesese le eŋu be nàlé blanui ahatsi dzimaɖi.

Gake ɖo ŋku edzi be menye wò ɖeka koe o. Ame miliɔn geɖe le xexeame godoo kpɔa amadedewo le mɔ bubu nu wu alesi wokpɔnɛ le dzɔdzɔme nu. Kadodo kple ame bubu siwo ŋu nɔnɔme sia le kple nusɔsrɔ̃ tso woƒe nuteƒekpɔkpɔwo me ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò. Àte ŋu akpɔ nyatakakawo kple kpekpeɖeŋu to Internet dzi habɔbɔwo dzi na amesiwo ŋu amadede ƒe ŋkuʋuʋu le.

Ne nɔnɔme sia le viwòa ŋu la, ƒo nu kple woƒe ŋkudɔdala tso tɔtrɔ siwo ate ŋu akpe ɖe eŋu le suku ŋu. Ele vevie hã be nàƒo nu kple viwò ƒe nufialawo tso esia kple alesi nàte ŋu ado alɔ woƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ nyuie wu ŋu.

Ne èdi be yeanya nu geɖe tso esia ŋu la, mègavɔ̃ be yeabia ɖɔkta o. Nɔ lãmesẽ me!

` Amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu, amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu, ɖeviwo ƒe nukpɔkpɔ, ŋkudɔ, domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔlélewo, cone cells