Mina míasrɔ̃ nu tso PCR dodokpɔa ŋu bɔbɔe, abe alesi wòle le xɔ̃nye aɖe gbɔ ene!

Àte ŋu aɖo ŋku edzi be le Covid-19 dɔvɔ̃a me la, mí katã míeƒo nu tso PCR dodokpɔa ŋu . Ame aɖewo anya nɔ vɔvɔ̃m vie, esi wonɔ ati aɖe si wotsɔ de ŋɔti me ŋu bum? Gake nuka tututue nye PCR dodokpɔ sia? Ðe wòate ŋu ade dzesi Covid-19 ko? Ao, PCR nye dodokpɔmɔnu vevi aɖe ŋutɔ le atikewɔwɔ me si kpena ɖe ame ŋu le nu geɖe me. Mina míaƒo nu tso nusiawo katã ŋu egbea, bɔbɔe eye eme nakɔ, abe ɖe míele nu ƒom na xɔlɔ̃ nyui aɖe ene.

Nukae nye PCR? Àte ŋu aɖe eme viea?

Kpuie ko la, PCR nye Polymerase Chain Reaction ƒe kpukpui . Wozãnɛ tsɔ dea dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me, eɖanye DNA alo RNA . Kpɔe ɖa le susu me be woɖe ʋu sue aɖe le ŋuwò, ate ŋu anye ʋu si woɖe tso wò ŋɔti me, alo tsi si woɖe tso wò ŋɔti me. Woɖea DNA alo RNA sue ma si le kpɔɖeŋu ma me eye wowɔa eƒe kɔpi miliɔn geɖe, ɖewohĩ biliɔn geɖe, le dodokpɔxɔa me. Esiae nye nusi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo yɔna be amplification , si gɔmee nye “dzi ɖe edzi” alo “dzi ɖe edzi.” Ðeko wòle abe fotoɖemɔ̃ tsɔ wɔ pepa ɖeka ƒe kɔpi geɖe ene.

To kɔpi geɖe wɔwɔ abe esia ene me la, eva nɔa bɔbɔe na dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo be woasrɔ̃ nu tso DNA alo RNA si le kpɔɖeŋu sue gbãtɔa me ŋu ahakpɔe ɖa be nu tɔxɛ aɖe le eme hã. PCR le dodokpɔwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si woyɔna be Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) me.

Togbɔ be ame geɖewo se nya PCR le Covid-19 dodokpɔ me hã la, wozãa mɔ̃ɖaŋununya sia le atikewɔnyawo me ɣeyiɣi didi aɖee nye sia eye wònye mɔnu si ŋu viɖe le ŋutɔ.

Nukae woate ŋu akpɔ to PCR dzi?

Azɔ mina míakpɔ nusiwo ƒomevi PCR dodokpɔ sia ate ŋu ade dzesii ɖa. Ame geɖewo susu be COVID-19 ɖeɖeko tae. Gake menye nenemae o. Kpɔe ɖa:

• Dɔléle siwo xɔa ame me: PCR ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nànya nenye be dɔlékui , dɔlékui , lãvi , alo dɔlékui aɖe gbɔe asrã, dzamezã, alo kɔdzidɔ si le ŋuwò tso. Le kpɔɖeŋu me:
• SARS-CoV-2 dɔlékui si hea COVID-19 (COVID-19) vɛ .
• Influenza , emae míeyɔna zi geɖe be asrã.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), si bɔ ɖe vidzĩ suewo koŋ me.
• Dɔlékui si hea yɔmekpe vɛ.
• Dɔlékui kple dɔlékuiwo ƒe dɔléle bubu geɖewo.
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔlélewo: Domenyiŋusẽ me dɔléle siwo ƒe dome wonyi la le ame aɖewo ŋu, alo? Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dɔléle mawo tɔgbe , Cystic Fibrosis.Wozãa PCR sia hã tsɔ dea dzesi nɔnɔmewo abe Huntington ƒe Dɔléle kple Fragile X Syndrome . Esiawo nye nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ ŋutɔ, eyata ekpɔkpɔ kaba le vevie ŋutɔ na atikewɔwɔ.
• Kansa ƒomeviwo: Mɔnu sia kpena ɖe ame ŋu hã be woade dzesi kansa ƒomevi aɖewo abe ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ ene .
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ le kansa me: Ne wole dɔ dam na amesi ŋu kansa le la, PCR dodokpɔ sia ate ŋu ade dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ/trɔtrɔ tɔxɛwo le kansa lãmenugbagbevi mawo me hã. Esia ana woate ŋu azã atikewɔwɔ si woɖo taɖodzinu na atsɔ aɖo tɔtrɔ tɔxɛ mawo gbɔ. Esia nye ŋgɔyiyi gã aɖe le kansa dada me.
• Dɔléle ƒe afɔku le etsɔme: Amesiwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖewo ate ŋu anɔ afɔku gã aɖe me be woaxɔ dɔléle sesẽwo abe kansa ene le etsɔme. Wozãa PCR sia hã tsɔ doa domenyiŋusẽfianu kpɔ be kansa ƒe afɔku le eme hã . Esia wɔnɛ be nète ŋu nɔa ŋudzɔ do ŋgɔ eye nèwɔa tɔtrɔ le agbenɔnɔ ŋu ne ehiã, alo nènɔa ŋudzɔ to dodokpɔ wɔwɔ edziedzi me.
• Dodokpɔ do ŋgɔ na vidzidzi: PCR kpena ɖe ame ŋu hã le dodokpɔ siwo wowɔna be woakpɔe ɖa be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme aɖe le funɔ ƒe vi si le dɔ me hã me.

Menye esia ɖeɖeko o, ɖewohĩ èkpɔe le sinimawo me kpɔ, afisi woɖea DNA ƒe kpeɖodziwo, abe taɖa sue aɖe alo ʋuka aɖe si ŋu woke ɖo le nuvlowɔƒe ene, hezãna tsɔ dea dzesi nuvlowɔla la. Ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒewo hã zãa PCR mɔ̃ɖaŋununya sia tsɔ dzia DNA ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi eye wowɔa dodokpɔwo.

Nukae nye dodokpɔ kple mɔnu siwo zãa PCR mɔ̃ɖaŋununya?

Wozãa PCR mɔ̃ɖaŋununya le dodokpɔmɔnu vovovowo me. Dodokpɔ si ƒomevi wòle be nàwɔ kpɔɖeŋu na la anɔ te ɖe nusi nèle dodokpɔ wɔm na dzi. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye esi:

• Ʋudodokpɔ: Woɖea ʋu eye wozãa PCR tsɔ dea dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔwo kple dɔléle aɖewo siwo xɔa ame me.
• Nasopharyngeal swab: Woateŋu azã mucus sample si woɖe tso ŋɔti alo ŋɔti ƒe eme atsɔ ado gbɔgbɔmedɔlékuiwo abe influenza (flu), COVID-19, kple RSV kpɔ hã. Esiae nye nusi mí katã míeto le COVID ƒe ɣeyiɣia me.
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu Do Ŋgɔ Na Domenyiŋusẽfianu (PGD) alo Domenyiŋusẽfianu Dodokpɔ Do Ŋgɔ Na Vidzidzi (PGS): Le In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) ƒe ɖoɖoa me la , woɖea lãmenugbagbevi ʋɛ aɖewo tso fugboeawo me hedoa wo kpɔna be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔmewo le wo me hã hafi wotsɔa wo dea vidadaa ƒe vidzidɔ me. Zi geɖe la, wowɔa esia le azi ɖeɖe vɔ megbe ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo.
• Amniocentesis ƒe dɔwɔwɔ:Le fufɔɣi la, woate ŋu azã vidzidɔ me tsi sue aɖe si ƒo xlã vidzĩa le vidadaa ƒe vidzidɔ me atsɔ ado vidzĩa ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme kpɔ to PCR zazã me. Esia nye dodokpɔ si ɖɔkta bibi aɖe wɔ.
• Biopsy: Be woade dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ le kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo me (molecular testing) la, woɖea dɔdzẽa ƒe kpɔɖeŋu sue aɖe (tumor biopsy) alo ƒumeŋuɖui me biopsy. Esia le abe amekoko sue aɖe ene. Emegbe wozãa kpɔɖeŋua tsɔ wɔa PCR tsɔ dia domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔwo.

Aleke nèdzrana ɖo ɖe dodokpɔ sia ŋu?

Zi geɖe la, mehiã be woawɔ dzadzraɖo tɔxɛ aɖeke na PCR dodokpɔ o. Gake enɔ te ɖe nusi nèle dodokpɔ wɔm kple mɔnu si nàzã atsɔ aƒo kpɔɖeŋua nu ƒu dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ʋudodokpɔ aɖewo ate ŋu abia be nàtsi nu dɔ gaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo hafi. Eyata, anyo wu be nàbia wò ɖɔkta alo dodokpɔwɔƒea nenye be nane tɔxɛ aɖe li si wòle be nàwɔ.

Aleke PCR wɔa dɔe? Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya vi aɖe!

Esia nye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me ŋutinya vie, gake mina maɖe eme bɔbɔe. Nusi PCR wɔnae nye be wòdea dzesi ɖoɖo si le etɔxɛ na DNA si nèdi be yeadi, si fia be etɔxɛe. Nusiwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo sia ate ŋu anye domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖe koŋ le kansa me, alo ate ŋu anye dɔlékui alo dɔlékui aɖe ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu. Woyɔa esia be DNA si woɖo taɖodzinu na .

Ŋkɔ "Polymerase Chain Reaction" fia mɔnu si dzi woto wɔa DNA si woɖo taɖodzinu na ƒe kɔpi gbogbo aɖewo (doa ŋusẽe) le nudokpɔƒe. Dɔwɔwɔ sia zãa enzyme aɖe si woyɔna be DNA polymerase . Enzyme sia wɔa DNA si woɖo taɖodzinu na ƒe kɔpiwo, ne ele kpɔɖeŋua me.

"Kɔsɔkɔsɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ" sia dzɔna ne tsi aɖe to dzoxɔxɔ kple fafa ƒe tsatsam geɖe me. Le tsatsam ɖeka me la, DNA ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve. Bu eŋu be enye ɖeka va ɖo eve, eve va ɖo ene, ene va ɖo enyi... kple bubuawo, eye mlɔeba la, wowɔa eƒe kɔpi miliɔn geɖe. Viɖe si le esia ŋue nye be PCR ate ŋu ade dzesi DNA alo RNA sue aɖewo gɔ̃ hã siwo dodokpɔ bubuwo mato wo ŋu o.

Zi geɖe la, ne wowɔ PCR vɔ la, ele be dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo nawɔ dodokpɔ geɖe wu atsɔ ada DNA si wodo ŋusẽe la kpɔ. Gake ɣeaɖewoɣi la, wotsɔa dzesi tɔxɛwo kpena ɖe atike la ŋu le PCR ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, si ate ŋu anya nenye be kpɔɖeŋua nye nyui alo vɔ̃. Woate ŋu azã mɔnu sia atsɔ akpɔ emetsonuwo kaba, vevietɔ ne wole dɔlékuiwo abe dɔlékuiwo ene dim.

PCR ƒomevi kawoe li?

PCR ƒomevi vovovowo li. Wo dometɔ aɖewo hiã afɔɖeɖe bubuwo be woatsɔ awɔ DNA la ƒe kɔpi alo adzro eme. Mina míalé ŋku ɖe ƒomevi vevi eve ŋu:

1. Dɔwɔnu si woyɔna be Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) .

Tsɔe be domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋuti nyatakaka siwo míedi be míawɔ ƒe kɔpi ahadi la mele DNA me o, ke boŋ RNA mee. (Le kpɔɖeŋu me, RNA le Covid-19 dɔlékuia me). Emegbe le RT-PCR sia me la, nusi wowɔnae nye be wozãa enzyme tɔxɛ aɖe (reverse transcriptase) tsɔ trɔa RNA la wòzua DNA gbã. Woyɔa DNA si wowɔna la be kpeɖeŋutɔ DNA (cDNA) . Le ema megbe la, wowɔa PCR ƒe ɖoɖo si sɔ si míeyɔ va yi. Elabena, DNA dzi koe woate ŋu awɔ PCR si sɔ.

2. Ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me PCR / Agbɔsɔsɔme PCR (Q-PCR) .

Nusi dzɔna le esia mee nye be ne wole DNA ƒe kɔpiawo wɔm la, wotsɔa fluorescent ƒe dzesi tɔxɛwo kpena ɖe eŋu. Dzesidenu siawo doa kekeli ne wobla ɖe DNA si woɖo taɖodzinu na ŋu. Emegbe ne womewɔ dodokpɔ bubu aɖeke kpee o la, amesiwo le dodokpɔa wɔm ate ŋu akpɔe le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me ne DNA si sɔ la le kpɔɖeŋua me. Menye ema ɖeɖeko o, woate ŋu akpɔ agbɔsɔsɔme si le eme hã.

Nusi tɔtɔa ame enye be, ame aɖewo hã yɔa esia be "RT-PCR". Gake menye nu ɖeka kple Reverse-Transcriptase PCR si míeyɔ va yi o. Azɔ hã, woate ŋu azã Real-time PCR mɔnu sia atsɔ akpe ɖe Reverse-Transcriptase PCR si míeyɔ va yi ŋu. Emegbe woyɔnɛ be Real-time RT-PCR (ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ ƒe RT-PCR) . Wozãa RT-PCR mɔnu sia si wozãna le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me hena no me ʋuʋudedi dodokpɔwo tsɔ dea dzesi RNA dɔlékuiwo abe Covid-19 kple dzamezã ene.

Nukae PCR dodokpɔ me tsonu gblɔ na mí?

Ne èxɔ PCR dodokpɔ me tsonu la, nyawo ate ŋu ato vovo vie, le nusi wodo wò kpɔ nu.

• Zi geɖe la, ne wò dodokpɔa me tsonu gblɔ be "wode dzesii" alo "ele afima" la, efia be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ alo dɔlékui si dodokpɔa di la le ŋuwò.
• Ne emetsonua gblɔ be "womekpɔe o" la, efia be dodokpɔa mete ŋu ke ɖe DNA alo RNA si woɖo taɖodzinu na si wodo kpɔ ŋu o. Gake le dɔlékui aɖe gome la, esia ate ŋu afia ɣeaɖewoɣi be èdoe kpɔ kaba akpa le dɔlélea xɔxɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa me. Ðewohĩ dɔlékuia gakpɔtɔ le ŋuwò, gake ɖewohĩ dɔlékui alo dɔlékui la masɔ gbɔ be woatsɔ PCR ade dzesii ɣemaɣi o.

Aleke woaɖe Covid-19 PCR ƒe emetsonuwo gɔmee?

Esia nye nusi ame geɖe nya nyuie fifia.

• COVID PCR me tsonu nyui - si fia be wò nyatakaka gblɔ be "Wokpɔe" - fia be anɔ eme be COVID-19 dɔlékuia le ŋuwò , alo èhaya tso COVID-19 me nyitsɔ laa (ɣeaɖewoɣi la, PCR ate ŋu anɔ dɔ lém hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe le hayahaya megbe).
• Ne èkpɔ COVID PCR me tsonu manyomanyo ("Not Detected") la, efia be anɔ eme be COVID-19 menɔ ŋuwò esime nèno no me tsi o. Gake abe alesi megblɔe va yi ene la, ɣeaɖewoɣi, le dɔlékui aɖe ƒe gɔmedzedze, vevietɔ ne dzesi aɖeke mele ŋuwò o la, PCR dodokpɔwo ate ŋu anye be dɔlékui aɖeke mele ŋuwò o. Eyata ne dzesiwo le ŋuwò la, wò ɖɔkta ate ŋu aɖo aɖaŋu na wò be nàgadoe kpɔ le ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo megbe.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae wòxɔna hafi woxɔa PCR ƒe dɔwɔwɔ?

Esia hã toa vovo le dodokpɔ si wɔm wole nu.

• Zi geɖe la, dodokpɔ siwo wowɔna le no me hena dɔlékui siwo bɔ abe dzamezã kple COVID-19 ene xɔa gaƒoƒo ʋee aɖewo alo ŋkeke ɖeka hafi wokpɔa emetsonuwo.
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ siwo zãa ʋudodokpɔ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo ate ŋu axɔ kwasiɖa ɖeka alo esi wu nenema hafi woakpɔ emetsonuwo elabena numekukua sesẽ vie wu.

Ɣekaɣie wòhiã be nàyi ɖɔkta gbɔ?

Ne nyabiase alo dzimaɖitsitsi aɖe le asiwò ku ɖe PCR dodokpɔ alo eƒe emetsonuwo ŋu la, kpɔ egbɔ be yeƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta. Woate ŋu aɖe nusianu me na wò.

Gbedasi vevitɔ kekeake si woatsɔ ayi aƒemee

Togbɔ be nya "PCR dodokpɔ" ge ɖe míaƒe gbesiagbe dzeɖoɖo kple ƒe 2020 COVID-19 dɔvɔ̃a me zi ɖeka hã la, le nyateƒe me la, enye mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si xɔ asi ŋutɔ si ɖɔktawo zãna ƒe bla nanewoe nye sia. PCR kpena ɖe ame ŋu wòdea dzesi DNA alo RNA suesuesue siwo woate ŋu azã atsɔ anya lãmesẽkuxi vovovowo ahawɔ woƒe kɔpi.

Togbɔ be esia bɔ ɖe ɖɔktawo gome hã la, ɖewohĩ mabɔ be woado wò kpɔ o. Míese nya ma gɔme. Gake nu nyuitɔ kekeakee nye be wò ŋutilã ƒe kpɔɖeŋu sue aɖe koe wòbia, eye zi geɖe la, aɖabaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo koe dɔa wɔwɔ xɔa. Ne nyabiase, dzimaɖitsitsi, alo ɖikeke aɖe le asiwò le esia ŋu la, taflatse ƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta. Woaɖe nu sia nu me na wò. Nɔ lãmesẽ me!

` PCR dodokpɔ, DNA, RNA, domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ, dɔléle didi, Covid-19, dɔlékui