Nusiwo wòle be nànya tso ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe nu yibɔ (Substantia Nigra) ŋu!

Èbu alesi woɖua wò ŋutilã ƒe ʋuʋu, alesi nèzɔnae, alesi nèʋuʋua wò abɔwo kple afɔwo dzii ŋu kpɔa? Esiawo katã do ƒome kple míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa sue aɖe si le vevie ŋutɔ. Ðeko woyɔa akpa ma be Substantia Nigra . Egbea, míele nu ƒom tso akpa wɔnuku sia ŋu.

Eyata nukae dzɔna ɖe Substantia Nigra dzi?

Kpuie ko la, akpa sia si woyɔna be substantia nigra nye ‘Basal Ganglia’ ƒe ɖoɖo si le wò ahɔhɔ̃ me ƒe akpa aɖe. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, esiae kpena ɖe ŋuwò nèɖua wò ʋuʋu kple lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Susu vevitɔ si tae nye be substantia nigra wɔa atike vevi aɖe ŋutɔ si woyɔna be dopamine . Dopamine sia le abe dɔla ene le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me. Substantia nigra sia ƒe akpa vevi eve li. Wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ to vovo vie.

1. SN pars reticulata ƒe lãgbalẽ

Akpa sia ku ɖe wò ŋkuwo ƒe ʋuʋu dzi ɖuɖu ŋu koŋ, kple wò ŋutete be nàsrɔ̃ nu yeyewo ahabu tame. Atike aɖe si woyɔna be gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) le ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbevi siwo le nuto sia me . GABA wɔa dɔ to ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mehiã o dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me. Eyae nye be, ekpena ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu be wòagaɖo dzesi siwo mehiã o ɖe lãmekawo o. Esia le abe ʋukuku kpovitɔ aɖe si le ʋu siwo mehiã o tɔ te ene.

2. SN pars compacta ƒe ƒuƒoƒo

Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo, alo lãmekawo, siwo le akpa sia mee atike si nye dopamine si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe va yi la bɔ ɖo wu. Eyata akpa sia kpɔa gome le nu geɖe me, abe wò seselelãmewo, wò ŋutete be nàsrɔ̃ nu, alesi nèdrɔ̃a ʋɔnu afɔkuwo kple teƒeɖoɖowo, kple nusiwo ʋãa wò. Dopamine ƒe ɖiɖi nye nu vevitɔ si hea nɔnɔmewo abe Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene vɛ .

Eyata afikae Substantia Nigra le?

Akpa sia si woyɔna be substantia nigra (SN) le wò ahɔhɔ̃a titina, si woyɔna be ahɔhɔ̃ titina . Abe alesi ŋkɔa ɖee fia ene la, ele wò ahɔhɔ̃ titina. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, ele ahɔhɔ̃mekaa tame vie , le teƒe si te ɖe afisi ta kple kɔ do go le eye aklãa dze egɔme tsoe ŋu. Togbɔ be míeyɔnɛ be ‘substantia nigra’ hã la, le nyateƒe me la, wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa eve li. Wole ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe titina ƒe akpa eveawo. Akpa ɖesiaɖe si míeyɔ va yi siwo woyɔna be pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) kple pars compacta (SN pars compacta) le. Ne wotsɔ eve siawo ƒo ƒu la, woyɔa wo be ‘substantia nigra’ (substantiae nigrae).

Aleke esia le? Amadede kae le eŋu? Ðe wònye gãa?

Èkpɔa, ŋkɔ Substantia Nigra tso Latingbe me. Efia ‘nu yibɔ’ . Nusitae nye be togbɔ be zi geɖe la, wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa mamlɛa nyea aŋutiɖiɖi si ƒe amadede nye pink si me kɔ hã la, akpa sia si woyɔna be Substantia Nigra ya doa viviti wu sã. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, edze abe ka yibɔ aɖe si ŋu lãkusi siwo ƒe amadede le keklẽm ƒo xlãe ene. Nusitae nye be atike aɖe si woyɔna be Melanin le ahɔhɔ̃menugbagbevi siwo le nuto sia me . Ènyaa, melanin le míaƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo hã mea. Ne míedo go ŋdɔ la, míaƒe ŋutigbalẽ trɔna zua blɔ (tan) le Melanin sia ta. Ne èbia alesi wòloloe hã la, le nyateƒe me la, enye akpa sue aɖe ŋutɔ. Bu eŋu kpɔ be àte ŋu atsɔ substantia nigra siawo dometɔ siwo ade 25 ade golf-bɔl si wozãna edziedzi me! Enye sue nenema gbegbe. Nu bubu, togbɔ be enye basal ganglia ƒe akpa aɖe hã la, substantia nigra (SN) menye ganglion o. Enye nucleus , si nye wɔwɔme aɖe le lãmekawo me si me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si wɔa nu ɖeka, alo kadodo ƒomevi ɖeka le wo dome.

Nukae wotsɔ wɔ Substantia Nigra?

Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi vevi evee nye wò basal ganglia, siwo dome substantia nigra hã le. Mina míaƒo nu tso wo ŋu tsitotsito.

• Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo : Esiawoe nye lãmenugbagbevi siwo le wò ahɔhɔ̃ kple lãmekawo me. Woawoe ɖoa dzesiwo ɖa heɖoa wo ɖa. Woate ŋu atsɔ dzesiwo ato atike alo elektrikŋusẽ dzi.
• Glial cells: Esiawo le abe lãmenugbagbevi siwo kpena ɖe lãmekawo ŋu ene. Togbɔ be womeɖoa lãmekawo ƒe dzesiwo tẽ o hã la, wokpena ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu wowɔa dɔ ma.

Nu vi aɖe tso ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu

Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi aɖe si ɖoa gbedasiwo ɖe wò lãmekawo dzi hexɔa wo to elektrikŋusẽ kple atike ƒe dzesiwo zazã me. Akpa siawo le ahɔhɔ̃meka aɖe si:

• Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋutilã: Esiae nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒe akpa vevitɔ.
• Axon: Esia nye akpa didi aɖe si le abe abɔ ene si keke tso lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋutilã gbɔ. Akpa didi geɖe siwo le abe asibidɛ ene le axon la ƒe nuwuwu kemɛ. Afi siae wotrɔa elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesi si tso ahɔhɔ̃meka la me wòzua atike ƒe dzesi le. Wogayɔa akpa siawo siwo le abe asibidɛ ene be synapses . Afi siae ahɔhɔ̃meka la doa ka kple lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubu siwo te ɖe eŋu le .
• Dendrites: Esiawoe nye nu suesuesue siwo le abe alɔ ene siwo le lãmenugbagbevi ƒe ŋutilã dzi (ŋkɔa tso Latingbe me nya si gɔmee nye ‘ati si le abe ati ene’ me). Dendrites xɔa atike ƒe dzesiwo tso synapses siwo le ahɔhɔ̃meka bubuwo dzi gbɔ.
• Myelin ( .Myelin : Esia nye ami tsɛ aɖe si ƒo xlã ahɔhɔ̃meka aɖe ƒe axon. Ewɔa dɔ abe nutsyɔnu si kpɔa ame ta ene.

Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe kadodowo sesẽ ŋutɔ. Dendrite siwo le ahɔhɔ̃meka ɖeka me ate ŋu aƒo ka kple ahɔhɔ̃meka akpe geɖe bubuwo. Ahɔhɔ̃meka aɖewo didi, ɖewo hã le kpuie. Esia nɔ te ɖe afisi wole le ŋutilãa me kple dɔ si wowɔna dzi.

Nukae nye glial cells?

Glial cells wɔa nu vovovo geɖe. Wokpena ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu wotsina hetsina ne ènye ɖekakpui, eye wokpena ɖe ame ŋu be nàkpɔ alesi ahɔhɔ̃mekawo wɔa dɔe le wò agbemeŋkekewo katã me. Wokpɔa wò lãmekawo hã ta tso dɔlékuiwo me, wowɔa wò lãmekawo ƒe atikewo ƒe dadasɔ, eye wowɔa myelin-kplu si ƒo xlã wò lãkusiwo. Ènyaa? Glial lãmenugbagbeviwo sɔ gbɔ wu ahɔhɔ̃mekawo le wò lãmekawo me abe zi gbɔ zi ewo ene !

Nukawoe nye dɔléle siwo bɔ siwo gblẽa nu le Substantia Nigra ŋu?

Dɔléle kple nɔnɔme geɖewo li siwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le Substantia Nigra ŋu. Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea
• Ahɔhɔ̃ me dɔdzẽwo
• Ta ƒe abixɔxɔ , vevietɔ ahɔhɔ̃ me abi siwo doa dziku na ame abe ʋuʋudedi ene
• Aɖinuwo alo aɖinuwo abe Trichloroethylene (TCE) ene zazã .
• Dɔlékuiwo (vevietɔ dɔlékui siwo nana ahɔhɔ̃a xɔa abi, abe tagbɔdɔ ene ) .
• Dɔdzẽ alo dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe nɔnɔmewo, abe lupus ene
• Nɔnɔme siwo ƒe dome wonyi abe Huntington ƒe dɔléle ene
• Lewy ŋutilã ƒe tagbɔdɔléle
• Nuɖoanyi geɖe ƒe atrophy
• Parkinson ƒe dɔléle - Esiae nye dɔléle si ŋu woƒoa nu tsoe wu si do ƒome kple Substantia Nigra, elabena le dɔléle sia me la, lãmenugbagbevi siwo wɔa dopamine la tsrɔ̃na.
• Nuklia ƒe lãmetutudɔ si yia edzi ɖaa
• Gbagbãdᴐ
• Wilson ƒe dɔlélea

Nukae nye dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple Substantia Nigra ƒe dzesi siwo bɔ?

Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le basal ganglia system, alo substantia nigra, ƒe dzesiwo nɔ te ɖe dɔlélea ƒomevi dzi koŋ. Gake dzesi aɖewo li siwo bɔ:

• Dadasɔ kple nuwɔwɔ aduadu ƒe kuxiwo
• Lãmetsiwo ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ kple lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu
• Ʋuʋudedi kple ʋuʋudedi
• Kuxi le susu tsɔtsɔ ɖe nu ŋu, tamebubu alo kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ ŋu
• Ŋku ƒe ʋuʋu dzi ɖuɖu sesẽ, si hea ŋku ƒe kuxiwo vɛ

Dodokpɔ kawoe wowɔna tsɔ dea dzesi nɔnɔme mawo?

Dodokpɔ geɖe li siwo ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nànya nɔnɔme siwo gblẽa nu le wò ahɔhɔ̃ ŋu, alo substantia nigra. Dodokpɔ siwo wozãna wue nye:

• Ʋudodokpɔ: Esiawo ate ŋu ade dzesi nu vovovowo, tso dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe kuxiwo dzi va ɖo nenye be aɖi kple aɖi, vevietɔ ga siwo le abe akɔbli, mercury, kple lifi ene, ge ɖe ŋutilãa me.
• Kɔmpiuta dzi tomography (CT) ƒe fotoɖeɖe
• Ŋutete siwo nyɔ (sidzenuwo dodokpɔwo) .
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ƒe fotoɖeɖefia
• Positron emission tomography (PET) ƒe fotoɖeɖe
• Kɔmpiuta tomography si me woɖea foto ɖeka le (SPECT scan) .

Nukae nye dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple Substantia Nigra ƒe atikewo?

Esi wònye be nɔnɔme geɖe li siwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le substantia nigra ŋu ta la, atike siwo li hã to vovo ŋutɔ. Atikewɔwɔ si ƒomevi woawɔ na wò la nɔ te ɖe nɔnɔme si le ŋuwò dzi bliboe. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, woate ŋu atsɔ atike akpɔ nɔnɔme siawo gbɔ . Nɔnɔme bubuwo ate ŋu abia be woawɔ dɔ na ame . Togbɔ be woate ŋu ada nɔnɔme aɖewo keŋkeŋ hã la, bubuwo mawɔ dɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ dzi o. Le nɔnɔme siwo me womate ŋu ada dɔléle aɖe keŋkeŋ o la, zi geɖe la, anyo wu be woaɖu dzesiawo dzi .

Nukae mate ŋu awɔ atsɔ akpɔ nye Substantia Nigra ta?

Woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe nɔnɔme geɖe siwo gblẽa nu le wò ahɔhɔ̃ ŋu, alo substantia nigra, nu alo woahe wo ɖe megbe ya teti. Gake Parkinson ƒe dɔléleaMɔxexe ɖe dɔléle aɖewo, abe kansa ene, nu sesẽna elabena wodzɔna le vome. Gake nu vevi siwo nàte ŋu awɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Ƒo nuɖuɖu si da sɔ. Nuɖuɖu si nèɖuna kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe lãmesẽ kple wò kpekpeme dzi. Esiawo evea siaa do ƒome kple wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe lãmesẽ tẽ.
• De kame edziedzi eye nàlé wò kpekpeme si sɔ me ɖe asi. Wò kpekpeme kple wò dɔwɔna ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàxe mɔ ɖe dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu nu alo ahe wo ɖe megbe, vevietɔ ʋusɔgbɔdɔ alo ʋusɔgbɔdɔ.
• Do ametakpɔnu ne ehiã. Ta ƒe abixɔxɔ, vevietɔ ʋuʋudedi kple ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi bubu siwo wɔa nuvevi ame, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu. Nusiwo wògblẽna ate ŋu anɔ anyi ɖaa ɣeaɖewoɣi. Eyata ele vevie be woado ametakpɔnu be ahɔhɔ̃a nagaxɔ abi o, le dɔwɔƒe kple ɖiɖiɖemeɣiwo siaa.
• Dzra wò nɔnɔme siwo nɔa anyi didi la dzi. Nɔnɔme geɖe siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃ kple lãmekawo ŋu la va gblẽna ɖe edzi le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. Dɔléle siawo siwo nɔa anyi didi dada nyuie ate ŋu ana woƒe ŋgɔyiyi nagbɔdzɔ eye wòaɖe dzesiawo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi dzi akpɔtɔ.

Gbedasi Mamlɛtɔ si Wotsɔ Yi Aƒeme

Abe alesi nàte ŋu akpɔe ene la, substantia nigra nye míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa sue aɖe ŋutɔ, gake ewɔa dɔ vevi aɖe ŋutɔ. Togbɔ be eŋutinunyalawo gale nu geɖe srɔ̃m tso eŋu hã la, míenya nu geɖe xoxo. Enye míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe elektrikŋusẽ kple atike ƒe dzesiwo ƒe akpa vevi aɖe. Ekpena ɖe mía ŋu hã be míaƒe ʋuʋu, nukpɔkpɔ, kple nu bubu geɖewo nawɔ ɖeka.

Ðo ŋku edzi be wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe lãmesẽ le vevie ŋutɔ na wò lãmesẽ bliboa. Eya ta, mègaŋlɔ be gbeɖe be yealé be na yeƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ahawɔ ɖe agbenɔnɔ si me lãmesẽ le dzi o.

Esi mɔ̃ɖaŋununya le ŋgɔ yim eye atikewɔwɔ ŋuti numekuku le ŋgɔ yim la, míasrɔ̃ nu geɖe tso Substantia Nigra ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ememetɔ kple alesi woawɔ ada dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le eŋu ŋu. Eyata, ele vevie be mɔkpɔkpɔ nanɔ ame si!

---

Substantia Nigra, Ahɔhɔ̃, Dopamine, Parkinson ƒe Dɔléle, Ʋuʋu, Lãmetsiŋusẽ