Nukae Nye Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Ku? Mina míaƒo nu tso eŋu bɔbɔe!

Èbu nusi dzɔna ɖe lãmenugbagbevi suesuesue siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me dzi ŋu kpɔa? Ɣeaɖewoɣi abe míawo ke ene la, lãmenugbagbevi siawo ‘kuna’ ne woƒe ɣeyiɣia wu enu. Esiae nye nusi míeyɔna be ‘lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku’ le atikewɔwɔ me. Togbɔ be esia sese dzi ŋɔ vie hã la, le nyateƒe me la, ele vevie na míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe agbetsitsi le lãmesẽ me le go geɖe me. Eyata egbea, mina míaƒo nu tso nusi lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku sia nye, alesi wòdzɔnae, kple alesi wòkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã dzii ŋu.

Nukae nye lãmenugbagbeviwo? Mina míase nya ma gɔme gbã!

Enyo, hafi míaƒo nu tso ‘lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku’ ŋu la, mina míalé ŋku ɖe nusiwo ‘lãmenugbagbevi’ siawo nye ŋu. Tsɔe be míaƒe ŋutilã nye xɔ gã aɖe, eye lãmenugbagbeviwo le abe anyikpe suetɔ kekeake siwo ƒo ƒu wɔ xɔ ma ene. Le nyateƒe me la, màte ŋu asusui gɔ̃ hã o, lãmenugbagbevi siwo wu triliɔn 30 ye le míaƒe ŋutilã me! Lãmenugbagbevi siawo katã va ƒoa ƒu wɔa míaƒe lãmekawo kple ŋutinuwo. Zi geɖe la, akpa vevi etɔ̃e le lãmenugbagbevi ŋu:

• Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi: Esia le abe lãmenugbagbevi ƒe gli, alo agbo si kpɔa eta ene. Eyae tsoa nya me le nusi ate ŋu age ɖe lãmenugbagbevi la me ahado le eme ŋu hekpɔa edzi.
• Cytoplasm: Esiae nye tsi ƒe akpa si le abe jelly ene le lãmenugbagbevi la me. Protein siwo lãmenugbagbevi la hiã la wɔwɔ kple atikewɔmɔnu vevi geɖe siwo yia edzi le lãmenugbagbevi la me la yia edzi le lãmenugbagbevi sia me.
• Nucleus: Esiae nye lãmenugbagbevi la ƒe ‘dziɖuƒe’ alo ‘ahɔhɔ̃’. Míaƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋuti nyatakakawo, si nye DNA (`DNA` - Deoxyribonucleic acid), le nucleus sia me koŋ. Nucleus la hã wɔa RNA (`RNA` - Ribonucleic acid) . `RNA` sia gbugbɔa nyatakaka siwo le `DNA` me eye wòkpena ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu wowɔa protein vovovo siwo hiã be woawɔ dɔ ahatsi.

Fifia nusi lãmenugbagbevi nye ŋuti nukpɔsusu si me kɔ nyuie va su asiwò.

Eyata nukae nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku sia?

Kpuie ko la, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku nye ne lãmenugbagbevi siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me dzudzɔ dɔwɔwɔ eye wokuna ne wowu woƒe dɔ nu alo nu gblẽ le wo ŋu le susu aɖe ta. Menye ɖeko lãmenugbagbevi siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me la dzɔna o. Wole mamam ɣesiaɣi hele lãmenugbagbevi yeyewo wɔm. Míeyɔa esia be ‘lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe mama’ (`Mitosis`) . Le eŋutinunyalawo ƒe nya nu la, amegbetɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbevi si le lãmesẽ me ate ŋu ama le mɔ sia nu abe zi gbɔ zi 50-60 ene. Le ema megbe la, lãmenugbagbevi la tsina hekuna.

Míaƒe ŋutilã le lãmenugbagbevi yeyewo wɔm ɣesiaɣi be woatsɔ axɔ ɖe lãmenugbagbevi xoxo siwo gblẽ, kple esiwo le kukum teƒe. Ele abe nu xoxowo ɖeɖeɖa kple nu yeyewo tsɔtsɔ vɛ ene.

Dzɔdzɔme lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku sia kpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu wònɔa lãmesẽ me eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie. Gake kuxiwo doa mo ɖa ne lãmenugbagbevi ƒe ku sia medzɔ abe alesi wokpɔ mɔe ene o, alo ne lãmenugbagbevi siwo mele be woaku o la dze kuku gɔme.

Nukatae míaƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo kuna? Nukawoe nye susu siwo tae?

Susu vovovowo tae lãmenugbagbeviwo kuna ɖo. Wo dometɔ aɖewo nye dzɔdzɔmenuwo, ɖewo hã mele nenema o. Na míalé ŋku ɖe susu vevi siwo tae:

• Lãmenugbagbevi aɖewo kuna ne wole tsitsim , hafi wova nɔa wɔwɔm bliboe.
• Ne lãmenugbagbevi xoxowo ɖo ƒe si me womegate ŋu mãna o, si fia be ne woƒe agbenɔƒe wu enu la, wokuna. Esia nye nusi yia edzi ɖaa.
• Ne lãmenugbagbevi aɖewo li siwo gblẽ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu adzra wo ɖo le mɔ aɖe nu o la, wokuna le dzɔdzɔme nu. Womate ŋu adzra wo ɖo ɖe ŋutilã me abe gbeɖuɖɔ ene o.
• Dɔléle, abi, aɖi, kple atike aɖewo hã ate ŋu agblẽ nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu eye woaku.

Amekawoe le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku ƒe afɔku me?

Le nyateƒe me la, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku gblẽa nu le mí katã ŋu – eye zi geɖe la, enyea nu nyui aɖe. Ewɔ nuku ŋutɔ, wò ŋutigbalẽ ɖea lãmenugbagbevi kuku siwo ade 40,000 ɖa gbesiagbe! Míaƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe akpa si le etame, si woyɔna be epidermis , le ŋutigbalẽmenugbagbevi yeyewo wɔm ɣesiaɣi be woaxɔ ɖe lãmenugbagbevi kuku siawo teƒe. Ne míagblɔe bubui la, ne lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku sia medzɔ o la, anye ne ŋutigbalẽ si le lãmesẽ me anɔ mía si o.

Nukawoe nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku ƒomevi veviwo?

Le alesi lãmenugbagbeviwo kuna nu la, woate ŋu amae ɖe hatsotso vevi etɔ̃ me:

1. Apoptosis - Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo

2. Autophagy - lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbugbɔgawɔ kple ku

3. Necrosis - Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku si afɔkuwo hena vɛ

Azɔ mina míaƒo nu tso ƒomevi siawo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ŋu tsitotsito vie.

1. Apoptosis alo lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo

Apoptosis nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe kuku si dzɔna le dzɔdzɔme nu, si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo . Le esia wɔwɔ me la, lãmenugbagbeviwo tsrɔ̃a wo ɖokui. Ne lãmenugbagbevi aɖe ma zi agbɔsɔsɔme si sɔ gbɔ wu vɔ la, ne eɖo afi aɖe si megate ŋu mãna o la, eku to mɔnu sia dzi (Apoptosis). Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku sia si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo la le lãmesẽ me ŋutɔ eye wokpɔa mɔ na míaƒe ŋutilã.

Bu kpɔɖeŋu sia ŋu kpɔ. Ne vidzĩ ƒe asibidɛwo dzɔ zi gbãtɔ le vidadaa ƒe dɔme la, ŋutigbalẽ tsɛ aɖe si le wo domee doa ka kple wo nɔewo. Abe ŋutigbalẽ si le dadi ƒe afɔbidɛwo dome ene. Gake ne vidzĩa le tsitsim la, ``Apoptosis'' ƒe ɖoɖo sia nana lãmenugbagbevi siwo mehiã o siwo le asibidɛ mawo dome la kuna le ɖoɖo nu. Ɣemaɣie asibidɛawo ma nyuie eye wowɔa asibidɛ atɔ̃ siwo to vovo. Bu eŋu kpɔ, ke ne ``Apoptosis'' sia medzɔ nyuie o ɖe? Ekema ŋutigbalẽ si le asibidɛ mawo dome ate ŋu anɔ abe alesi wòle ene. Míeyɔa nɔnɔme ma be ``Syndactyly'' . Kpɔ ɖa, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ele vevie be lãmenugbagbevi siawo naku.

`(Apoptosis)` nye nusi yia edzi ɣesiaɣi. Esiae ɖea lãmenugbagbevi xoxo siwo gblẽ la ɖa le míaƒe ŋutilã me, eye wònaa mɔnukpɔkpɔ lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me be woaxɔ ɖe wo teƒe. Gake ne le susu aɖe ta lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku sia si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo medzɔ nyuie o la, lãmenugbagbevi xoxo mawo siwo gblẽ la dzea mama gɔme le mɔ si dzi womate ŋu aɖu o nu. Esia nye susu vevi aɖe si tae dɔdzẽ kple kansa dzea ame dzi ɖo.

Azɔ hã, ɣeaɖewoɣi le vodada siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me ta la, lãmenugbagbevi siwo womesusu be woaku o hã ateŋu aku to ``Apoptosis'' ƒe ɖoɖo sia me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le amesiwo ŋu dɔlélewo abe Parkinson ƒe dɔléle, Huntington ƒe dɔléle , alo Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle le gome la, lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo (` `Neurons``) siwo le lãmekawo me kuna fũ akpa. Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku kaba sia ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe tamebubu kple ʋuʋu dzi.

2. Autophagy alo lãmenugbagbeviwo gbugbɔgazã

Autophagy nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo ƒomevi bubu. Gake esiawo ya le etɔxɛ. Zi geɖe la, edzɔna ne ŋutilãa le nuteɖeamedzi, masɔmasɔ, alo nuɖuɖu ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ƒomevi aɖe me. Ele abe ``recycling system`` si dzɔna le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ɖoɖo nu le míaƒe ŋutilã me ene.

Le ``Autophagy`` (si gɔmee nye ``ɖokuiɖuɖu'') ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me la, lãmenugbagbevi ``ɖua'' eya ŋutɔ ƒe protein xoxo siwo gblẽ, alo lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe akpa bubu siwo womedi o. Emegbe egbugbɔa akpa siwo gbã la wɔa dɔ eye wòdoa alɔ lãmenugbagbevi la ƒe dɔ veviwo. Ele abe ɖe nèɖe nu xoxo siwo le wò aƒea me ɖa eye nètsɔ akpa siwo woate ŋu azã la atu nu yeye aɖe ene.

``Autophagy'' ƒe ɖoɖo sia ɖea vi ŋutɔ ɣeaɖewoɣi.

• Míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete kpena ɖe mía ŋu míetsrɔ̃a nuwo abe dɔlékuiwo kple dɔlékui siwo hea dɔlékuiwo vɛ ene.
• Ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu hã be lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me nagazu kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo o.
• Woxɔe se be esia ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu hã be woaxe mɔ ɖe kuxi bubuwo abe dzidɔ ene nu .

Gake, le go bubu me la, ne kansa le ŋuwò la, ``(Autophagy)`` ƒe ɖoɖo sia ateŋu agblẽ nu le ame ŋu. Elabena, nusiwo wogbugbɔ zãna sia naa nunyiame bubuwo kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo, si ate ŋu ana woƒe tsitsi kabakaba. Menye ema ɖeɖeko o, ke lãmenugbagbevi siawo siwo wogbugbɔ zãna hã ate ŋu ado kplamatse kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ to kansa dada me.

Ame aɖewo dzea agbagba be yewoaʋã ``Autophagy'' ƒe ɖoɖo sia to mɔxexe ɖe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ alo nutsitsidɔ nu me, eye to esia me la, woawɔ lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me. Ke hã, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me kpeɖodzi si sɔ gbɔ be woagblɔ be ``Autophagy'' wɔwɔ le mɔ sia nu le mɔ sia nu la wɔa dɔ nyuie haɖe o. Azɔ hã, mɔxexe ɖe nuɖuɖu nu vevie ate ŋu agblẽ nu le lãmesẽ ŋu ɣeaɖewoɣi.

3. Necrosis alo lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku kpata

Necrosis menye nusi ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo abe Apoptosis alo Autophagy ene o. Enye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe kuku le vo me alo le vome. Esia wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo kuna.Edzɔna. Tsɔe be èxɔ abi vevie le wò abɔ alo afɔ ŋu. Ɣemaɣi la, lãmenugbagbevi siwo xɔ abi la gblẽna, eye wo me nuwo dona, si ate ŋu agblẽ nu le lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me siwo ƒo xlã wo ŋu. Esia nana lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo vuvu, wobiãna, wosea veve, eye nu bubu siwo gblẽna le lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo ŋu hekuna.

Nu vevitɔ enye be, togbɔ be ɖɔktawo ateŋu aɖe lãkusi kuku sia ɖa hã la, lãkusi ƒe ku si ``necrosis`` hena vɛ la nye ``nusi womate ŋu atrɔ o``.

Nɔnɔme sia, ``Necrosis,'' ateŋu adzɔ hã le ʋu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kple oxygen ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si yia ŋutilã ƒe akpa aɖewo ƒe ɖiɖi ta. ``Necrosis'' dzɔna elabena lãmenugbagbeviwo mexɔa ʋu, oxygen, kple nunyiame ne míeku o.

Nu bubu aɖewo siwo hea `(Necrosis)` vɛ enye:

• Afɔkuwo kple abi gãwo (`Traumatic injuries`).
• Dɔléle siwo dɔlélenutsiŋutete hena vɛ .
• Dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwo, kple fungi siwo hea dɔlékuiwo vɛ.
• Aɖinuwo, aɖinuwo kple atike siwo ŋu se meɖe mɔ ɖo o zazã.
• Kansa dada abe keklẽŋusẽdɔdamɔnu ene .

Necrosis Ƒomeviwo

`(Necrosis)` ƒomevi vovovowo li le nusi gbɔ wòtso kple ŋutilã ƒe akpa si wògblẽ nu le nu. Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Avascular necrosis alo osteonecrosis (ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe ku) .
• Gangrene ( ŋutigbalẽ ƒe lãkusi ƒe ku) .
• Pulp necrosis ( aɖu ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe ku) .

Nukae Nye Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Ku si Wowɔna Le Dɔwɔwɔ Me (AICD)?

Esia nye nyati sesẽ aɖe, gake enyo be nànyae le nya bɔbɔewo me. Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku si tso dɔwɔwɔ gbɔ (AICD) nye kuxi si ate ŋu ado tso kansadɔdamɔnu aɖe si woyɔna be chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy . Edzɔna ne T-cells, si nye ʋumenugbagbevi ɣi ƒomevi aɖe si kpena ɖe kansadɔlékuiwo wuwu ŋu, ku kaba.

Nusi ɖɔktawo wɔna le `(CAR) T-cell therapy` me enye si:

1. Leukapheresis nye dɔdamɔnu si ɖea ʋumenugbagbevi ɣi siwo dzi ɖe edzi madzemadzee (siwo dome T-ʋumenugbagbeviwo hã le) ɖa le dɔnɔa ƒe ʋu me.

2. Emegbe wowɔa T-ʋumenugbagbevi siawo ŋudɔ le nudokpɔƒe eye wodzea agbagba be yewoadzi wo ɖe edzi.

3. Wotsɔa domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋuti nyatakaka yeyewo kpena ɖe T-lãmenugbagbevi siawo siwo wodo le dodokpɔxɔ me ŋu, eye wotrɔa wo ale be woate ŋu adi kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo ahatsrɔ̃ wo.

4. Mlɔeba la, wogatsɔa T-lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le la dea dɔnɔa ƒe ʋukawo me. Emegbe wodia kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo hetsrɔ̃a wo.

Gake, nublanuitɔe la, ne wowɔ T-lãmenugbagbevi siawo ŋudɔ eye wotsi le dodokpɔxɔ me la, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ``AICD'' lãmenugbagbevi ƒe ku sia ateŋu adzɔ. Emegbe, T-lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le siwo li be woatsɔ awɔ avu kple kansa ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna.

Nusi dzi wòle be míaɖo ŋkui tso nusiawo katã me (Take-Home Message) .

Togbɔ be nya ‘lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku’ aɖi vɔvɔ̃ vie hã la, fifia ènya be esia nye nusi dzɔna le dzɔdzɔme nu le míaƒe ŋutilã me ɣeyiɣi akpa gãtɔ eye wòle vevie na míaƒe agbetsitsi le lãmesẽ me .

• Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe kuku si ŋu wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖo, abe apoptosis ene, ɖea lãmenugbagbevi xoxo siwo gblẽ ɖa eye wònaa teƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me.
• To mɔnu aɖe si woyɔna be autophagy , dzi la, lãmenugbagbeviwo gbugbɔa woƒe akpa aɖewo wɔa dɔ eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu.
• Gake lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe kuku le afɔkuwo abe necrosis ene me nye afɔku eye ate ŋu agblẽ nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu tegbee.
• Azɔ hã, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, `(Apoptosis)` kple `(Autophagy)` gɔ̃ hã ateŋu awɔ akpa aɖe le dɔlélewo abe kansa ene me.

Ke hã, míaƒe ŋutilã nɔa dɔ dzi ɣesiaɣi le lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽ la ɖɔɖɔɖo kple esiwo kuna la ɖɔliɖɔli me. Eyata ele vevie be nànya nu tso ɖoɖo sia ŋu. Ne nyabiase alo dzimaɖitsitsi aɖe le asiwò ku ɖe esia ŋu la, mègahe ɖe megbe le nuƒoƒo kple ɖɔkta me o.

` Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ku, lãmenugbagbeviwo, apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe mama