Tsɔe be seƒoƒobɔ dzeani aɖe mee nèle. Seƒoƒoawo katã ƒe amadede to vovo... dzĩ, blɔ, ɣi... Aleke gbegbe wònya kpɔe nye si! Azɔ tsɔe be èdoa go yia akpataa me le zã me. Màte ŋu akpɔ amadedeawo tututu o, gake nusianu dzena yibɔ kple ɣi. Amekae fiaa xexeame mí le amadede me le ŋkeke me eye wòfiaa yevu kple ɣi le zã me? Enye dɔwɔlawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo sue aɖe gake wòle vevie ŋutɔ le míaƒe ŋkuwo me. Egbea míele nu ƒom tso lãmenugbagbevi wɔnuku siawo siwo woyɔna be fotoɖemɔ̃wo ŋu.
Nukae nye fotoɖemɔ̃ siawo?
Kpuie ko la, fotoɖemɔ̃wo nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi aɖe si dea dzesi kekeli si le ŋkume ƒe ŋkume le míaƒe ŋkuwo ƒe megbe. Ŋkɔa gɔmee nye "kekelixɔla." Woƒe dɔ vevitɔe nye be woaxɔ kekeli si gena ɖe ŋkua me atrɔe wòazu elektrikŋusẽ kple atike ƒe dzesi siwo gɔme míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ate ŋu ase.
Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo woyɔna be ahɔhɔ̃mekawoe le míaƒe lãmekawo me. Nusi wɔ nuku enye be fotoɖemɔ̃ siawo hã nye ahɔhɔ̃meka ƒomevi tɔxɛ aɖe ŋutɔ. Eye le alesi míaƒe ŋkume ƒe dɔwɔwɔ tsinae ta la, wobua lãmenugbagbevi siawo be wonye míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo nye ahɔhɔ̃ kple aklã ƒe akpa aɖe le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya nu.
Nuka tututue dzɔna ɖe lãmenugbagbevi siawo dzi?
Bu míaƒe ŋkuwo be wonye fotoɖemɔ̃ deŋgɔtɔ kekeake le xexeame. Le nyateƒe me la, wotrɔ asi le egbegbe fotoɖemɔ̃wo ŋu be woasrɔ̃ ale si amegbetɔ ƒe ŋku wɔa dɔe.
Ne ètsɔ wò fon ɖe foto la, sensor si le wò fon dzi la léa akaɖia hetrɔnɛ wòzua kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo. Emegbe chip sue aɖe si le wò fon dzi xɔa kɔda ma hetrɔnɛ wòzua nɔnɔmetata dzeani aɖe tsɔ fiaa wò.
Nu ma ke dzɔna le míaƒe ŋkuwo hã me. Míaƒe ŋkume ƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu wɔa dɔ abe nusi dea dzesi nu le míaƒe telefon dzi ene. Lãmenugbagbevi siwo xɔa keklẽŋusẽ le ŋku ƒe ŋkume la léa kekeli hetrɔnɛ wòzua lãmekawo ƒe dzesiwo. Emegbe woɖoa dzesi siawo ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a to ŋku ƒe lãmeka dzi. Ahɔhɔ̃a "ɖea" dzesi mawo gɔme, alo sea wo gɔme, eye wòwɔa nɔnɔmetata si míekpɔna. Eyata dɔ sia katã dzea egɔme tso fotoɖemɔ̃ sue mawo dzi.
Atikplɔwo Kple Kpowo: Míaƒe Ŋkuwo ƒe Kalẽtɔ Gã Eveawo (Atiwo Kple Kpowo) .
Fotoɖemɔ̃ ƒomevi vevi eve le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋku me. Woƒe nɔnɔme tae wotsɔ ŋkɔ na wo.
Atikplɔ Lãmenugbagbeviwo: Zã Dzɔlawo
Lãmenugbagbevi siawo le abe ʋuƒo ene, alo woƒe nɔnɔme le abe mɔ̃ ene. Wosea veve ɖe kekeli suetɔ kekeake gɔ̃ hã nu ŋutɔ. Atikplɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo nye fotoɖemɔ̃ siwo le míaƒe ŋkuwo me ƒe 95%, alo wo dometɔ siwo ade miliɔn 100-125.
Kpɔe ɖa le susu me be èle zɔzɔm le xɔ me le zã me esime akaɖi aɖeke meli o. Míete ŋu kpɔa nuwo ƒe nɔnɔme kple ame ƒe nɔnɔme, gake míete ŋu kpɔa woƒe amadedewo nyuie o, alo? Ɣemaɣi la, atikplɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siawo kpena ɖe ŋuwò nèkpɔa nu. Lãmenugbagbevi siawo koŋue kpɔa nu le kekeli sue me kple le zã me (zã me nukpɔkpɔ). Gake womate ŋu ade vovototo nu suesuesuewo kple amadedewo dome o. Woyɔa nyateƒe si wònye be lãmenugbagbevi siawo kpena ɖe mía ŋu míekpɔa nu le kekeli sue me la be scotopic vision le atikewɔwɔ ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me.
Cones: Amadede Xexeame ƒe Nutalawo
Lãmenugbagbevi siawo le abe kɔnu ene, si fia be wofia asi etame eye wole goglo le ete. Wohiã kekeli geɖe hafi woate ŋu awɔ dɔ wu atikplɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo. Gake ne wowɔe la, míate ŋu akpɔ amadedewo kple nu nyuiwo .
Ne èlé ŋku ɖe nutata dzeani aɖe ŋu la, àte ŋu akpɔ amadede ƒe vovototo siwo menya kpɔna dzea sii bɔbɔe o kple fli suetɔ kekeake gɔ̃ hã. Emae na míekpɔa ŋutega ɖaɖɛ si me kɔ alea gbegbe. Lãmenugbagbevi siawo siwo woyɔna be cone la ƒe akpa gãtɔ le ŋkua ƒe akpa tɔxɛ aɖe si woyɔna be macula . Esia tae míaƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe titina me kɔ eye wòle amadede vovovowo me ɖo.
| Nɔnɔme si le ame ŋu | Atikplɔwo | Kɔnewo |
|---|---|---|
| Dzedzeme | Kɔkɔ, si le abe ʋuƒo ene (abe pɔmpi ene) . | Cone-shaped (si fia asi etame) . |
| Xexlẽdzesi | Anɔ abe miliɔn 100-125 ene (ekɔ ŋutɔ) . | Anɔ abe miliɔn 6-7 ene (wole sue ŋutɔ) . |
| Kekeli ƒe seselelãme | Kɔkɔ ŋutɔ (esea veve ɖe kekeli sue aɖe nu) . | Low (ehiã kekeli geɖe wu) . |
| Amadedewo ƒe nukpɔkpɔ | Ao (amadede yibɔ, ɣi kple ɣi koe) . | Ẽ (ekpɔa amadedeawo katã) . |
| Dɔ vevitɔ | Zã me nukpɔkpɔ kple kekeli sue ƒe nukpɔkpɔ | Amadedewo ƒe nukpɔkpɔ kple nukpɔkpɔ ɖaɖɛ si me kɔ nyuie |
Aleke míekpɔa amadede?
Cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃e le míaƒe ŋkuwo me, eye wowɔa dɔ ɖekae tsɔ ɖea amadede ƒe xexeame fiana mí. Cone cell siawo mekpɔa amadedewo tẽ ŋutɔŋutɔ o. Wodea dzesi kekeli ƒe ƒutsotsoe vovovoawo eye wogblɔa wo ŋu nya na ahɔhɔ̃a. Ahɔhɔ̃a zãa nyatakaka mawo tsɔ wɔa amadedewo.
Esia gɔmesese le bɔbɔe ne èlé ŋku ɖe dziŋgɔli ŋu. Dzĩe ƒe ƒutsotsoe didi wu, eyata ele dziŋgɔli ƒe gota. Violet ƒe ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime le kpuie wu, eyata ele eme.
Zi geɖe la, cone cell ƒomevi etɔ̃awo katã nɔa ame si le lãmesẽ me ƒe ŋku dzi. Woyɔa esia be trichromacy .
Ƒomevi etɔ̃ mawoe nye:
- Esea veve ɖe ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime kpuiwo nu (blɔ) .
- Esea veve ɖe ƒutsotsoe siwo ƒe didime le titina (amadede dzẽ) nu .
- Esea veve ɖe ƒutsotsoe didiwo nu (dzẽ) .
Togbɔ be kɔnu ƒomevi etɔ̃ siawo nye esiwo wowɔ koŋ na amadede vovovowo hã la, woƒe seselelãmewo sɔ kple wo nɔewo vie. Ahɔhɔ̃a tsɔa vovototo siwo menya kpɔna dzea sii bɔbɔe o siwo le dzesi siwo tsoa cone ƒomevi etɔ̃ siawo me la sɔna kple wo nɔewo tsɔ nyaa amadedewo. Nu wɔnuku sia tae ame mamã dedie te ŋu dea vovototo amadede siwo ade miliɔn ɖeka me hedea dzesi wo .
Nusi wɔ nuku enye be, ƒã ŋutɔ la, domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖe nɔa nyɔnu aɖewo si si wɔnɛ be cone cell ƒomevi ene nɔa wo si. Woyɔa esia be tetrachromacy . Ele abe ŋusẽ gã aɖe si le ame si ene. Le amadede miliɔn siwo ame dzɔdzɔe ate ŋu akpɔ teƒe la, wogblɔ be nyɔnu siawo te ŋu dea vovototo amadede siwo ade miliɔn 100 me hedea dzesi wo!
Dɔléle kawoe gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbevi siawo ŋu?
Nɔnɔme vovovowo li siwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le míaƒe atikplɔ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu, eye wo dometɔ aɖewo gblẽa nu le ŋku ƒe akpa bubuwo hã ŋu.
- Amadede ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu : Amadede ƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe akpa aɖe alo keŋkeŋ, eye ameyibɔ kple yevu koe kpɔa nu(Achromatopsia) ate ŋu adzɔ.
- Cone-rod ƒe dɔléle si nye dystrophy
- Ŋku ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie
- Ŋku ƒe dɔléle si nye pigmentosa
- Solar retinopathy : Nusiwo gblẽna le ɣea kpɔkpɔ tẽ me.
- Usher ƒe dɔlélea
Aleke woawɔ ade dzesi dzesiawo?
Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbevi siawo ŋu ƒe dzesi vevitɔe nye ŋku ƒe nukpɔkpɔ, gake alesi gbegbe wòbunae la toa vovo le lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi si ŋu wògblẽ nu le nu.
| Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi si ŋu wògblẽ nu le | Dzesi siwo bɔ |
|---|---|
| Kuxi siwo ku ɖe Rods ŋu | Zã me ŋkumaʋumaʋu ƒe gɔmedzedze kaba (nyctalopia) . Esia fia be nukpɔkpɔ sesẽna ŋutɔ le zã me alo ne kekeli mebɔ o. Dɔléle aɖewo (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa) hã ateŋu adze cone cells dzi ne wova nu sẽ. |
| Kuxi siwo le Cones ŋu | Amadedewo ƒe ŋkumaʋumaʋu, alo ŋutete si bu be wòade vovototo amadedewo me le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, ate ŋu ana ŋutete nabu be wòakpɔ nu suesuesuewo, si ana ame nakpɔ nu nyuie alo afu. Nɔnɔme aɖewo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe atikplɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo hã dzi ne wova nu sẽ. |
Zi geɖe la, le nɔnɔmewo abe ŋku ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ene me la, woate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbevi siawo evea siaa dzi le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me.
Nukae wòle be míawɔ atsɔ akpɔ lãmenugbagbevi xɔasi siawo ta?
Míaƒe fotoɖemɔ̃ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo nye ŋkume ƒe akpa aɖe, eyata míaƒe ŋkuwo kple ŋkume ƒe lãmesẽ léle ɖe te le vevie ŋutɔ be míaƒe ŋkuwo nakpɔ nu nyuie.
- Do ŋkume na wò edziedzi: Esia le abe wò ŋkuwo ƒe ŋutilã bliboa dodokpɔ ene. Ele vevie be amesiame, menye amesiwo doa ŋkumeɖobolo ɖeɖeko o, nayi ŋkudɔdala gbɔ zi ɖeka ya teti le ƒe eve ɖesiaɖe me . Esia ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu wòade dzesi dɔléle geɖe hafi woahe dzesiwo vɛ.
- Do atikewɔlawo kpɔ edziedzi: Dɔléle aɖewo siwo nɔa anyi didi gblẽa nu le míaƒe ŋkuwo ŋu tẽ. KãƲusɔgbɔdɔ (Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ) kple Suklidɔ Ƒomevi 2 (Suklidɔ Ƒomevi 2) . Ne wodo wo kpɔ le atikewɔƒe ƒe sia ƒe me la, woate ŋu ade dzesi dɔléle siawo ahaɖu wo dzi hafi woagblẽ nu le ŋkuwo ŋu.
- Ƒo asa na nicotine: Atama nono, atamanono, kple atama ɖuɖu gblẽa nu le míaƒe ʋu ƒe sisi ŋu. Ʋuka tsɛ siwo naa ʋu yia ŋku ƒe ŋkume la sea nu gɔme na esia ŋutɔ.
- Tsɔ nunyiame nyui ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ: Vitamin A le vevie ŋutɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Vitamin A sɔ gbɔ ɖe nuɖuɖuwo abe karɔt, mɔli, kple aŋanyi ene me. Nuɖuɖu si da sɔ ɖuɖu nyo na wò lãmesẽ bliboa kple wò ŋkuwo.
- Lé lolo nyuie me ɖe asi: Àte ŋu axɔ mɔfiame si nèhiã tso wò ɖɔkta gbɔ le esia ta.
Nu vevitɔe nye be nàyi ŋkudɔdala gbɔ enumake ne ède dzesi tɔtrɔ aɖewo le wò ŋkumekpɔkpɔ me, abe zã me nukpɔkpɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ, amadedewo ƒe vovototodedeameme sesẽ, alo nukpɔkpɔ si me mekɔ o ene. Zi alesi wokpɔ dɔlélea kaba la, zi nenemae edada nɔa bɔbɔe.
Gbedasi si Wotsɔ Yi Aƒeme
- Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi tɔxɛ eve siwo sea kekeli nu siwo woyɔna be atikplɔ kple kɔnu le míaƒe ŋkuwo me.
- Cone cells kpena ɖe mía ŋu míekpɔa amadede kple nu suesuesuewo, gake rod cells ya kpena ɖe mía ŋu míekpɔa nu le viviti me.
- Nukpɔkpɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le zã me (zã me ŋkumaʋumaʋu) alo amadedewo nyanya sesẽ nye dzesi be kuxi aɖe ate ŋu anɔ lãmenugbagbevi siawo ŋu.
- Esi wònye be dɔlélewo abe suklidɔ kple ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ene gblẽa nu le ŋkuwo ŋu tẽ ta la, beléle na lãmesẽ bliboa hã le vevie ŋutɔ na ŋku ƒe lãmesẽ.
- Ne dzesi aɖeke mele eŋu o hã la, woate ŋu ade dzesi dɔléle geɖe kaba ne woyi ŋkudɔdala gbɔ edziedzi eye wodo wò ŋkuwo kpɔ.
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