Let's learn exactly about ADHD medication.

Just as a person with poor eyesight can see the world clearly when they wear glasses, doesn't it? Similarly, medications for ADHD can help people with ADHD focus their thoughts, stop them from getting distracted by unnecessary things, and control their behavior. These medications cannot completely cure ADHD, but they can help control the symptoms and help them function more effectively while they are taking the medication.

First of all, what is ADHD?

Simply put, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a very common neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with this condition may be overactive, exhibit impulsive behavior, and have difficulty paying attention, following instructions, and finishing tasks.

ADHD symptoms that begin in childhood often continue into adulthood. Some studies suggest that up to 90% of childhood symptoms persist into adulthood. Sometimes, people don't even realize they have ADHD until they are adults.

Adults with ADHD may have difficulty following instructions, remembering information, staying focused, and organizing tasks. However, symptoms in adults may look a little different than symptoms in children. For example, hyperactivity in a child may look like extreme restlessness in an adult.

What really happens with ADHD medication?

ADHD medications work differently depending on the type of medication they are given. But almost all ADHD medications work by increasing the levels of important chemicals (neurotransmitters) in our brain. The most important of these chemicals are dopamine and norepinephrine.

As these levels increase, ADHD symptoms begin to take control. This means:

• The time you can focus on one thing increases.
• Excessive activity decreases.
• Arbitrary behavior is controlled.
• The ability to plan and organize daily tasks (executive dysfunction) improves.

Therefore, be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you or your child are taking, as well as how much caffeine you drink per day, as some medications can interact with each other.

Your doctor may try different medications and different doses until they find the right medication and dose for you or your child. During that time, they will monitor you and adjust the dose to find the best balance between the medication's benefits and side effects. Once the right medication and dose are found, most people with ADHD are able to control their symptoms well.

What are the medications for ADHD?

ADHD is mainly treated with stimulants and non-stimulants. Sometimes antidepressants may also be prescribed.

Stimulants

These are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. Despite the name "stimulants," these don't actually make you feel more alert. They actually increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. These chemicals are important for your attention, thinking ability, and motivation. Studies have shown that about 80% of children with ADHD experience a reduction in symptoms once they find the right stimulant medication and dosage.

These medications are considered controlled substances. This means they have the potential for abuse or addiction. However, they are very safe when taken under the supervision of a doctor. Before prescribing the medication, your doctor may also perform an EKG to check for any undetected heart rhythm problems.

There are two types of stimulants:

• Immediate-release / short-acting: These are usually taken as needed. They last about 4 hours. When the effects of this type of medication wear off, some people experience a "crash" or "rebound effect." This means they suddenly lose energy, feel very hungry, and some people experience a sudden drop in mood.
• Extended-release / long-acting: These are usually taken once a day in the morning. Some work for 6-8 hours, while others can last up to 16 hours. These medications reduce the ups and downs of energy and mood throughout the day. This also reduces the need for an extra dose at school or work.

Non-stimulants

These are also prescription medications, but they are not controlled substances like stimulants. This means there is less risk of addiction or abuse. They mainly work by increasing the level of norepinephrine in the brain.

These medications take a little longer to start working than stimulants. You may need to take them for 3-4 weeks to see the full effects. But they can also control your attention, coordination, and concentration. They can be active for up to 24 hours.

There are several reasons why a doctor might prescribe this type of medication:

• If stimulant medication doesn't work.
• If you are experiencing unbearable side effects from stimulants.
• If you want to increase the results, give it along with stimulants.

Antidepressants

These are not medications specifically approved to treat ADHD. However, doctors sometimes prescribe them alone or in combination with stimulants for ADHD. Antidepressants for ADHD also affect dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain.

Do ADHD medications have side effects?

Yes, definitely. Side effects may occur when you first start taking the medication. But these are usually temporary and not too serious. They will go away after a few weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. But rarely, they can be severe or persistent.

The most common side effects are:

• Loss of appetite: This affects about 80% of people who take stimulants.
• Weight loss: This can be controlled by taking the medication after meals or by adding things like protein shakes to your diet.
• Difficulty falling asleep: This can include difficulty falling asleep and waking up frequently. Changing the time of day you take your medication can help reduce this to a great extent.

Other side effects:

• Rebound effect: A temporary feeling of fatigue, increased irritability, or a change in mood as the drug wears off.
• Anxiety: New onset or worsening of anxiety.
• Tics: Sudden, repetitive movements or sounds (e.g., eye blinking, throat clearing). ADHD medications do not cause tics, but they may be more noticeable than without medication.
• Stomach discomfort: things like nausea and vomiting.
• Changes in blood pressure and heart rate: Some medications can cause a slight increase in blood pressure. The heart rate may also increase slightly. This is usually not dangerous, but if you or your child has a history of heart disease , you should definitely tell your doctor.

If these side effects don't go away after a few weeks, your doctor may be able to manage them by changing the dose or timing of your medication, switching you to a longer-acting medication, or trying a different type of medication.

Can ADHD be controlled without medication?

Medication is the first line of treatment for ADHD. Studies have shown that about 80% of children are successful with medication. But you may be afraid of the side effects of medication, or you may prefer not to take medication for other reasons.

For many people , behavior therapy is a great option. Behavior therapy involves teaching and reinforcing positive behaviors and reducing unwanted, negative behaviors.

• For children under 6 years of age: It is recommended that parents receive training in behavior management. Through this, parents can learn methods and techniques to help their child.
• After age 6: Behavioral therapy is recommended along with medication. The child's school is also an important part of this treatment plan.

How long do I need to take this medicine?

ADHD is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Therefore, you may need to take medication to control your symptoms. If you find a medication that works for you and controls your symptoms, it may be beneficial to take it for the rest of your life. Your doctor is the best person to talk to about this.

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