When you look at your face in the mirror, have you ever noticed those little black dots on your nose, chin, or cheeks? Sometimes you feel like squeezing them out with your fingernails, right? Many people call these 'blackheads'. Are these really just clogged pores? Or is it something else? Don't worry, we'll talk about this in detail and simply today.
Simply put, what are these Blackheads?
Blackheads are a type of acne. Medically, we call them open comedones . They are actually caused by excess oil (we call it sebum ) and dead skin cells getting trapped inside the tiny pores (hair follicles) in your skin.
Many people think that this black color is due to dirt getting stuck in it. But that's not the truth. Because this hole is open at the top, the black color is formed by oxidation when the things stuck inside are exposed to air. It's like a cut apple turning brown after a while.
The most important thing: Blackheads are not dirt. They are the result of a natural process that occurs in the skin. So having them does not mean you are dirty at all.
What are the causes of blackheads?
Our skin has oil-producing glands (sebaceous glands). These produce sebum, an oil that helps keep the skin from drying out. There are several main reasons why blackheads develop.
| Reason | Simply explained |
|---|---|
| Excessive oil production | When the skin's oil glands produce too much oil (sebum), there is a greater chance that the extra oil will become trapped inside the pores. |
| Dead skin cells | Our skin is constantly shedding dead cells and producing new ones. If these dead cells aren't shed properly, they can combine with oil and clog pores. |
| Hormonal Changes | Especially during adolescence and pregnancy, when hormones (especially androgen hormones) change, the skin's oil production increases. This is a major cause of blackheads. |
| Skin bacteria | Our skin naturally contains bacteria. Sometimes, an overgrowth of these bacteria can contribute to the formation of acne and blackheads. |
Are these contagious?
No. Blackheads are not contagious at all. They are not spread from person to person through contact.
Why is hand-squeezing really not good?
This is the biggest mistake many people make. It's normal to want to squeeze and remove a blackhead as soon as you see it. But doing so can cause more damage.
- The pore is pushed deeper: When you squeeze, the entire blackhead may not come out. Instead, part of it may be pushed further into the skin. This can cause pain, swelling, and a larger pimple.
- Bacteria gets in: Bacteria from your nails and hands can get into that open hole and cause an infection.
- Scarring: Skin is very sensitive. When you pinch it hard with your nails, it can damage the skin and sometimes cause permanent scars .
- Enlarged pores: Constant squeezing can cause skin pores to become enlarged.
So, no matter how much you want to squeeze, controlling that urge is the best thing you can do for your skin.
So what treatment can be done?
The good news is that there are many effective ways to control and eliminate blackheads. Let's break them down into two parts.
1. Things you can buy and use at a pharmacy
Before starting treatment with these, it is wise to talk to your doctor and choose what is best for your skin.
- Salicylic Acid: There are face washes and lotions that contain this. It works by removing dead skin cells and preventing pores from becoming clogged.
- Benzoyl Peroxide: These come in gel or wash form. They kill the surface bacteria that cause acne. They can be a bit drying for some people.
- Retinoids: These medications, made from vitamin A, are very effective in eliminating blackheads and whiteheads. They come in cream or gel form. While some retinoids can be purchased over the counter, in Sri Lanka it is best to consult a doctor before using them. These may cause some peeling of the skin at first.
2. Treatments available through a doctor
If home remedies don't work, a dermatologist can help you.
- Prescription retinoids: These are stronger retinoids than those available in pharmacies.
- Oral Antibiotics: If you have severe acne with blackheads, you may be given oral antibiotics to control the bacteria.
- Professional removal: A doctor or trained aesthetician uses a special device called a comedo extractor to remove these very carefully, without damaging the skin.
- Chemical Peels: A method of removing the top layer of skin by applying a special chemical solution to the face. This can reduce blackheads.
- Microdermabrasion: A gentle removal of the surface layer of the skin using a special device.
Can blackheads be prevented?
It's difficult to completely stop blackheads that come with hormonal changes. However, some good skin care habits can go a long way in controlling them.
- Wash your face daily: Wash your face twice a day, morning and night, with lukewarm water and a mild face wash.
- Use a moisturizer: Even if you have oily skin, it's important to use a good moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated. Otherwise, your skin may become dry and produce more oil in response.
- Choose "non-comedogenic" products: Check to see if the makeup, sunscreen, and other skin care products you use are labeled "non-comedogenic." This means they won't clog pores.
- Keep your hands away from your face: Avoid touching your face with your hands unnecessarily. Dirt and oil from your hands can get onto your face.
- Remove makeup before going to bed: Never sleep with makeup on. It clogs pores and increases the risk of blackheads and acne.
When should I see a doctor?
Blackheads are not a serious medical condition. However, sometimes they can affect our mental health. If you feel anxious, embarrassed, or have low self-esteem about them, that's normal.
- If the treatments you use have no effect.
- If you develop red, painful, large cysts with blackheads.
- If you are feeling stressed because of this skin condition.
In such a situation, don't hesitate to see your family doctor or seek the advice of a dermatologist .
Take-Home Message
- Blackheads are not caused by dirt trapped inside the pores of the skin. They are caused by oil and dead cells that react with air and appear black.
- Don't squeeze these out with your hands. Doing so can cause infection, pain, and permanent scarring.
- Products containing things like Salicylic Acid and Benzoyl Peroxide can give you good results, but talk to a doctor to choose what's right for your skin.
- Following a good skincare routine can go a long way in controlling the formation of blackheads.
- Don't be discouraged by this. This is a very common condition. Never be afraid to seek medical advice if necessary.
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