The fear and anxiety that comes to our minds when we learn that we have cancer cannot be expressed in words. But today, with advanced medical science, there are many advanced treatments to cure and control cancer. Today, we are talking about a treatment method that you may not have heard of, but is very effective. That is called Brachytherapy. This is a special radiation treatment that is used to destroy cancer cells.
What is Brachytherapy?
Simply put, brachytherapy is a type of internal radiation therapy for cancer. In conventional radiation therapy, a machine from outside the body delivers radiation to the tumor. But this method is different.
Here, a device, such as tiny seeds, pellets, or capsules containing radioactive material, is surgically implanted into or very close to the tumor. Think of it like shining a small light bulb right next to the tumor. The radiation emitted by this device goes directly to the cancer cells and destroys them.
The biggest advantage here is that most of the radiation is delivered directly to the cancer, while the damage to healthy tissue around the cancer is minimal. This results in fewer side effects.
Sometimes this treatment is used alone. Other times it is used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or surgery.
Are there main types of brachytherapy?
Yes, this treatment method can be divided into two main types: temporary implants and permanent implants. Let's see what the difference is.
| Type of treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Temporary Implants | |
| Low-Dose Rate (LDR) | In this method, a radiation device is left in the body for 1 to 7 days, continuously emitting low doses of radiation. After the prescribed period, the doctor removes the device. |
| High-Dose Rate (HDR) | A very high dose of radiation is delivered over a short period of time, usually 10-20 minutes. The device is removed at the end of each treatment session. Treatments can be given twice a day for up to 5 days or once a week for up to 5 weeks. |
| Permanent Implants | |
| Seed Implantation | In this method, small radioactive seeds are permanently implanted in the tumor. These emit low doses of radiation for several weeks or months. Over time, the radioactivity wears off, and the inactive seeds remain in the body. They are not removed. |
What types of cancer is this treatment used for?
Brachytherapy is particularly effective for localized cancers that have not spread to other parts of the body. Some of the most common types of cancer for which this treatment is used are:
- Prostate cancer
- Gynecological cancers (for example, uterine, cervical, or vaginal cancer)
- Breast cancer
- Eye cancer
- Head and neck cancers
How do you prepare before treatment?
Before your doctor can plan your treatment, they will examine you and take a thorough medical history. They may also need to do things like blood tests and scans.
Your doctor will give you clear instructions on what you need to do before treatment. You may usually be asked to do things like:
- Stop taking medications that affect blood clotting (e.g., blood thinners (anticoagulants), pain relievers such as NSAIDs) for a while, as directed by your doctor.
- Cleansing the intestines using an enema before treatment.
- Refrain from eating and drinking for a few hours before going to the hospital.
- Complete cessation of the use of tobacco products.
It is very important to follow these instructions exactly.
What happens during treatment?
The treatment method varies depending on the type of cancer you have and the type of brachytherapy you choose (LDR, HDR, or permanent). It also varies depending on where the radiation device is placed.
- Interstitial brachytherapy: This is where the device is placed directly inside the tumor. This method is used for prostate cancer, some gynecological cancers, and soft tissue cancers (sarcomas).
- Intracavity brachytherapy: This is where the device is placed inside a cavity in the body, close to the tumor. This method is commonly used for gynecological cancers such as those of the cervix and uterus.
You will be given anesthesia (anesthesia) to prevent you from feeling any pain during the treatment. Once you are comfortable, the Radiation Oncologist will follow these steps:
1. Insertion of a catheter or applicator: A tube (catheter) or device (applicator) is inserted to deliver the radioactive material to the cancer site. This is guided to the exact location by a scan.
2. Insertion of the radiation device: Next, a radioactive device is sent through the tube into or near the tumor. The radiation emitted by this destroys the cancer cells.
3. Removing the device (temporary treatment only): In the HDR method, the device is removed after one treatment session. In the LDR method, it is sometimes removed after a few days.
After treatment, painkillers are given to relieve discomfort when removing things like the catheter.
What are the benefits and success rates of the treatment?
Brachytherapy is a very effective treatment for cancer that has not spread.
- A highly targeted radiation attack has a greater potential to destroy cancer cells.
- Side effects are minimal because there is minimal damage to healthy tissue.
- The recovery time is shorter than some other cancer treatments.
How effective is this treatment?
Research has shown that brachytherapy is very effective in treating conditions such as cervical cancer and prostate cancer. In some cases, this treatment has been able to completely cure the cancer and prevent it from coming back.
But one thing to remember: Not every cancer and not every patient is the same. Therefore, it is essential to talk to your doctor and fully understand what results you can expect from this treatment based on your situation.
Are there any risks or side effects to this treatment?
As with any medical treatment, there are potential side effects. They depend on the type of cancer being treated and the treatment method. The best part is that most side effects are temporary. Some can be long-term, but they can be managed.
Common side effects:
- Difficulty urinating or inability to control urination (`(Urinary incontinence)`)
- Erectile dysfunction
- Vaginal scarring
- Fatigue
- Constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty controlling bowel movements
- Nausea and vomiting
Most importantly, side effects are usually limited to the part of the body that was treated. For example, prostate treatment can cause urinary or bowel problems, but nausea is less likely.
A person who has received treatment and others
How long does it take to heal?
The recovery time after brachytherapy is short compared to other cancer treatments, such as surgery. Depending on the nature of the treatment, you may feel better within a few days or a week. It is important to rest for a few days after treatment and avoid strenuous activities. Resume your normal activities as directed by your doctor.
Is it safe to be around someone who has undergone treatment?
This is a question that many people ask.
- If you received temporary brachytherapy , there will be no radiation left in your body after the device is removed, so there is no risk of close contact with others.
- If you received permanent brachytherapy (e.g. seed implants), a very small amount of radiation will be released from your body for several weeks or months.
But don't worry. This radiation travels very short distances outside the body. That's why it doesn't harm healthy tissue around the cancer. So the risk to others is very small. However, as a precaution , doctors usually advise pregnant women and young children to avoid close contact with each other for long periods of time in the early stages.
When should you see a doctor?
Tell your doctor immediately if you experience the following symptoms during or after treatment:
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Severe stomach cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Inability to control urine or stool
Take-Home Message
- Brachytherapy is an advanced treatment method that places a radiation source inside or very close to a tumor to target and destroy cancer cells.
- The main advantage of this is that damage to healthy tissue is minimized and therefore side effects are reduced.
- This is especially effective for cancers that have not spread to other parts of the body.
- There are two types: temporary and permanent. Your doctor will decide which method is best for you.
- Although side effects are possible, they are often manageable and limited to the area treated.
- It is very important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully before, during, and after treatment.
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