What you need to know about the Bubonic Plague, or 'Black Death'

When we hear the name "Black Death," we think of a terrible disease in history books that killed people in villages, right? But did you know that that disease, the bubonic plague, is still seen in places around the world? Don't worry, this is not the great epidemic it used to be. But it is very important to be properly informed about this. Let's talk about it simply.

What is Bubonic Plague?

Simply put, plague is a disease caused by a bacterial infection . The bacteria that causes it is called `Yersinia pestis` . This disease can affect both animals and humans. It is mainly spread by fleas on animals such as rats.

There are three main types of this plague.

1. Bubonic Plague: This is the most common type. It gets its name because the disease causes the lymph nodes in the body to swell. These swollen lumps are called `buboes` . These lumps, which can be as large as an egg and can ooze pus, can occur in places like the armpits, groin, and neck.

2. Septicemic Plague: This occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream directly and spread throughout the body.

3. Pneumonic Plague: This is when bacteria infect the lungs.

Is this the same as the 'Black Death' in history?

Yes. That's right. The bubonic plague killed about two-thirds of the population of Europe in the 14th century, or more than 25 million people. At that time, along with rats that arrived on ships, fleas and this disease also spread throughout the countries.

It was called the 'Black Death' for two reasons. One, because almost everyone who contracted the disease died. The other was because some patients developed a condition called `gangrene', which caused tissue to die and turn black in places like their fingers. There was no treatment for it at the time.

Does this disease still exist in the world today?

Yes, this disease has not yet been completely eradicated from the world. Cases are occasionally reported from Africa, Asia, South America, and even the western parts of North America. Even in a country like the United States, an average of about seven cases are reported per year.

But the most important thing is that this is not a common disease in countries like Sri Lanka. So there is no need to create unnecessary fear. But it is very important to be aware.

What are the symptoms? How to recognize it?

The symptoms may vary slightly depending on the type of plague. Let's look at this to understand this clearly.

In addition to these symptoms, sometimes nausea and vomiting may also occur.

How is this disease transmitted?

This is a disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. In medicine, we call this a ``zoonotic disease''.

• The main way: When fleas on infected animals, such as rats and squirrels, bite people.
• Other ways: Imagine that your cat ate an infected rat. That cat could also get the disease. Then, through droplets of saliva from that cat, you or the veterinarian treating it could be infected.

Is there any treatment? Can this be cured?

The best news is, yes! Unlike before, there are now very effective treatments for this.

Since this is a bacterial infection, it can be completely cured with antibiotics. If a doctor diagnoses you with plague, you will be hospitalized and treated. In some cases, you may be placed in an isolation unit to prevent spreading the infection to others.

There are several types of antibiotics given for treatment:

• `Ciprofloxacin`, `levofloxacin` and `moxifloxacin`
• `Gentamicin`
• ` Doxycycline ( Doxycycline ( Doxycycline) ) `

But remember, bubonic plague can be fatal if left untreated. So if you have any doubts about your symptoms, see a doctor immediately.

What should we do to protect ourselves from the disease?

Although this disease is not common in Sri Lanka, these facts are very important for general hygiene.

• Rat Control: Make your home and garden rat and squirrel-proof. Remove trash, old wood, and other items from your yard. Keep the area clean when feeding animals.
• Pets: Use flea control products on your dog or cat properly. If they become sick, take them to a veterinarian immediately. Don't let your pets sleep in your bed.
• Personal safety: Always wear gloves when handling dead animals. If you are going to a forested area, use an insect repellent containing DEET or permethrin to protect yourself from insects such as fleas.

When should I see a doctor?

If you develop symptoms such as a high fever, body aches, and especially swollen lymph nodes , see your doctor immediately. Especially tell your doctor if you have been in an environment where fleas are common or where animals such as rats are common.

So, bubonic plague, although it may seem like a part of history, is still a disease that exists in the world today. But there is nothing to fear. The best thing to do is to stay clean and protected from rats and fleas. By being aware of the symptoms and seeking medical advice as soon as possible, it can be completely cured.

Bubonic Plague, Black Death, Yersinia pestis, Flea-borne diseases, Lymph node swelling, Plague symptoms