Abubuwan da ya kamata ku sani game da gwajin magunguna!

Idan aka taɓa tambayarka ka yi gwajin ƙwayoyi, wanda aka fi sani da 'Gwajin Magunguna', abu ne na al'ada ka ji ɗan tsoro da fargaba. 'Me yasa haka?' 'Me zai faru?' Tambayoyi da yawa na iya zuwa a raina. Don haka, a yau za mu yi magana game da ainihin menene wannan gwajin ƙwayoyi, lokacin da aka yi shi, yadda ake yin sa, da kuma yadda za a fahimci sakamakon. Idan ka san waɗannan abubuwa sosai, za ka iya guje wa tsoro mara amfani.

Menene gwajin magani?

A taƙaice dai, gwajin ƙwayoyi gwaji ne da ke amfani da samfurin halitta daga jikinka - wani abu kamar fitsari, jini, gashi, ko yaushi - don tantance ko ka yi amfani da maganin da aka halatta ko wanda ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ana yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ne saboda dalilai daban-daban da kuma amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban.

Idan muka ce ƙwayoyi, ba wai kawai muna nufin barasa da taba da aka halatta ba, har ma da magungunan da ba a rubuta su a kan takardar likita ba, magungunan da aka rubuta a takardar likita, da kuma magungunan da ba a rubuta su a kan takardar likita ba. Amma abu ɗaya da za a tuna shi ne cewa gwajin ƙwayoyi ɗaya ba zai iya faɗi daidai tsawon lokacin ko yawan shan ƙwayoyi ba. Wato, yana da wuya a tantance ko wani mutum ne mai shan ƙwayoyi na yau da kullun ko kuma yana da matsalar shan ƙwayoyi.

Yawan yadda jikinmu ke sarrafa magunguna daban-daban ya bambanta. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin a gano wasu magunguna a jiki ya keɓance ga kowace magani kuma yana iya bambanta sosai. A halin yanzu, gwajin da aka fi amfani da shi don gano magunguna shine gwajin maganin fitsari (UDT).

Yaushe zan yi gwajin ƙwayoyi?

Akwai dalilai da dama da yasa za ku so yin gwajin ƙwayoyi. Bari mu duba menene su.

Gwajin Wurin Aiki

Ana yin gwajin ƙwayoyi sau da yawa a wurin aiki. Ma'aikata na iya buƙatar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen saboda dalilai daban-daban:

• Kafin ɗaukar sabon ma'aikaci: Wasu ƙungiyoyi suna yin wannan gwajin kafin ɗaukar sabon ma'aikaci.
• Yayin da suke aiki: Wasu ƙungiyoyi suna gwada ma'aikatansu ba zato ba tsammani ko kuma a kan jadawali.
• Idan ana zargin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi: Idan halayen ma'aikaci ko alamunsa sun nuna cewa yana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.
• Idan hatsari ya faru a wurin aiki: Idan ma'aikaci ya shiga hatsari a wurin aiki, ana iya gudanar da wannan binciken don gano musabbabin.

Dalilan Lafiya & Maganin Jaraba

Ana amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don gano, magancewa, da kuma sa ido kan matsalolin shan barasa da sauran matsalolin shan ƙwayoyi. Za su iya taimakawa wajen tantance yadda wani yake amsawa ga magani, ko yana cikin maye, ko kuma ko ya sake dawowa.

Ana iya buƙatar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen a lokacin shirye-shiryen magani da kotu ta umarta, lokutan gwaji, ko lokacin shiga cikin shirye-shiryen maganin jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Wasu dalilai

Akwai wasu yanayi inda ake buƙatar gwajin magunguna.

• Gwaje-gwajen likita da ganewar asali: Likitoci na iya yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don gano musabbabin alamun mutum, ko kuma a cikin gaggawa idan suna zargin shan ƙwayoyi fiye da kima ko guba. Misali, idan wani ya ɓace kwatsam, wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko ya sha wasu ƙwayoyi.
• Don dalilai na shari'a: Ana amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen a shari'o'in shari'a don tattara shaidu da suka shafi laifi, bincika shari'o'in cin zarafin yara ko haɗari, da kuma tantance ko wani yana tuki a ƙarƙashin maye ko wasu ƙwayoyi.
• Kula da Shan Magungunan da Aka Rubuta: Idan kana shan wani magani mai yawan jaraba da kuma wanda ke saurin zama ruwan dare, kamar opioids, likitanka zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin don ganin yawan wannan maganin a jikinka.
• Ga 'yan wasa: Dole ne 'yan wasa ƙwararru su yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don ganin ko sun yi amfani da magunguna masu ƙara ƙarfin aiki ko wasu abubuwa da ake kyautata zaton suna ƙara ƙarfinsu.

Wadanne nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen magunguna ne ake da su?

Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen magunguna da dama, ya danganta da samfurin halitta da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma nau'in maganin da ake gwadawa.

Bari mu ga menene manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje bisa ga samfurin:

• Gwajin Maganin Fitsari (UDT): Wannan ita ce gwajin da aka fi amfani da shi . Yana buƙatar samfurin fitsari. Ana amfani da shi sosai don gano abubuwa kamar barasa, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cocaine, da marijuana (THC).
• Gwajin Maganin Jini: Likitoci suna amfani da wannan galibi a lokutan gaggawa. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi don tantance ainihin matakin barasa (ethanol) saboda yana iya ba da cikakken bayani.
• Gwajin Maganin Gashi:Samfurin gashi zai iya gaya maka ko wani ya daɗe yana amfani da magunguna. Gashi daga fatar kai zai iya gano amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi cikin kimanin watanni uku. Gashi daga wasu sassan jiki na iya gano shi har zuwa watanni 12! Duk da haka, sakamakon na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, ya danganta da nau'in gashi. Ana iya gano cocaine, Phencyclidine (PCP), Amphetamines, Opioids, da 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ta amfani da wannan hanyar.
• Gwajin Maganin Numfashi: Ana amfani da wannan galibi don ganin ko wani ya sha barasa kwanan nan. Sakamakon ana kiransa da Breath Barasa Concentration (BrAC). Jami'ai suna amfani da wannan don kimanta yawan barasa a cikin jinin mutum (BAC). Duk da haka, wani lokacin ƙimar BrAC na iya zama mafi girma ko ƙasa da ƙimar BAC. Ana kuma yin sabon bincike don ganin ko za a iya gano abubuwa kamar cocaine, marijuana, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, opioids, methadone, da buprenorphine a cikin numfashi.
• Gwajin Maganin Gumi: Wannan ya ƙunshi sanya wani abin sha a fata da kuma cire shi bayan wani lokaci don gwada shi. Wannan yana ba da bayanai game da adadin maganin da mutumin ya yi amfani da shi a duk lokacin da aka saka abin. Gwajin gumi zai iya gano yawan shan magani a cikin sa'o'i zuwa makonni.

Me gwajin magani ke gano?

Idan wani ya sha wani magani, yana sha daga hanyar narkewar abinci zuwa sauran jikinmu. Sannan, hanta da sauran gabobin jikinmu suna karya maganin, ko kuma su narke shi. Sakamakon wannan tsari na metabolism, ana canza maganin zuwa wasu sinadarai. Ana kiran waɗannan metabolites. Bayan wani lokaci, ana fitar da maganin da/ko metabolites ɗinsa daga jiki, galibi a cikin fitsari.

Don haka, ana yin gwajin magani don duba kasancewar takamaiman magunguna da/ko metabolites ɗinsu a cikin samfurin halitta (misali fitsari, jini).

Wannan tsari na metabolism yana faruwa ne a matakai daban-daban ga kowace magani. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin a gano kowace magani da metabolites ɗinta ta hanyar gwaji ya bambanta.Ka yi la'akari da cewa wasu magunguna, kamar amphetamines, ana iya gano su a cikin fitsari a matsayin maganin iyaye. Duk da haka, ga wasu magunguna da yawa, ana iya gano metabolites ɗinsu na tsawon lokaci fiye da maganin iyaye.

Wani lokaci gwajin magani zai iya gano magani ɗaya kawai. Duk da haka, sau da yawa, ana gwada magunguna da yawa a cikin samfurin iri ɗaya. Ana kiran wannan gwajin kwamitin magani. Nau'ikan magunguna da aka haɗa a cikin wannan kwamitin sun bambanta dangane da dalilin gwajin, amma kwamitin da aka saba amfani da shi don gano shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba yawanci yana neman waɗannan abubuwa biyar:

• Amphetamines
• Koken
• Marijuana (White)
• Opioids
• Phencyclidine `(PCP)`

Sauran abubuwan da aka saba gwadawa sune:

• Barasa (ethanol)
• Maganin damuwa
• Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
• Fentanyl
• Jaruma
• Hydrocodone
• Methadone
• Methamphetamine
• Morphine
• Nicotine da cotinine (wanda ake samu a cikin taba)
• Oxycodone

Akwai gwaje-gwajen magunguna a gida?

Eh, akwai. Akwai wasu kayan aiki da ke ba ku damar gwada samfurin fitsari a gida, da kanku. Wasu kayan aiki na iya amfani da numfashi, yau, ko gashi. Duk da haka, daidaiton waɗannan samfuran ba iri ɗaya bane, ma'ana suna iya bambanta. Galibi ba su da ƙarfi kamar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko da gwajin gida ya ba da sakamako mara kyau, samfurin iri ɗaya na iya ba da sakamako mai kyau idan aka aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Cibiyar Nazarin Yara ta Amurka ta shawarci iyaye da su guji gwada 'ya'yansu don samun magunguna a gida. Bincike ya nuna cewa gwaje-gwajen gida ba sa rage amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Akwai kuma haɗarin cewa sakamakon gwaje-gwajen gida ba za a iya fassara shi ba daidai ba. Wannan kuma yana iya yin mummunan tasiri ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙananan yara da iyaye.

Ta yaya ya kamata in shirya don gwajin ƙwayoyi?

A gaskiya, babu wani abu da ya kamata ka yi musamman don shirya gwajin ƙwayoyi.

Ana iya yin wannan gwajin a lokacin gaggawa, an tsara shi tun da wuri, ko kuma bazuwar (misali, a matsayin buƙata mai ci gaba a wurin aiki).

Dangane da yanayin, ana iya tambayarka game da duk wani magani ko kari da kake sha, domin wasu magunguna na iya shafar sakamakon gwaji.

Me za a yi tsammani yayin gwajin ƙwayoyi?

Ana iya yin gwajin magani da ƙaramin samfurin jininka, gashi, yawu, numfashi, ko, mafi yawanci, fitsari (barewa).

• Don gwajin fitsari: Za ku buƙaci yin fitsari a cikin akwati mai tsabta da aka tanadar muku. A wasu lokuta, ana iya tambayar ku ku ba da samfurin fitsarin a gaban ma'aikaciyar jinya ko ma'aikaciyar jinya don tabbatar da cewa samfurin naku ne.
• Don samfurin jini: Mutumin da aka horar da shi don ɗaukar samfuran jini (likitan phlebotomist) zai ɗauki ƙaramin jini daga jijiyar hannu ko hannunka.

Bayan an ɗauki samfurin, ana aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don yin bincike.

Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a sami sakamakon gwajin magani?

Lokacin da ake ɗauka don samun sakamako daga gwajin magani ya bambanta, ya danganta da dalilin gwajin (misali, gaggawa, abin da ya shafi aiki), da kuma nau'in gwajin.

Sakamakon fitsari da gwajin jini yawanci ana samun su da sauri fiye da sakamakon gwajin gashi.

Duba tare da cibiyar da ta nemi gwajin don gano lokacin da za ku iya tsammanin sakamakon.

Menene sakamakon gwajin magani?

Sakamakon gwajin magani yawanci ana bayar da rahotonsa a matsayin 'positive' ko 'negative'.

• Sakamakon tabbatacce yana nufin cewa an gano wani magani a ko sama da kewayon da aka ƙayyade don gwajin.
• Sakamakon da ba shi da kyau yana nufin cewa ba a gano maganin da ake magana a kai ba, ko kuma bai kasance a matakin da ya isa ya samar da sakamako mai kyau ba.

Me sakamakon gwajin magunguna ya ce?

Akwai abubuwa da dama da za a tuna yayin fassara sakamakon gwajin magunguna.

Fahimtar sakamako mai kyau

Sakamakon gwajin ƙwayoyi mai kyau yana nufin cewa mutum yana da adadin magani da za a iya ganowa a cikin tsarinsa a wani takamaiman lokaci. Sakamakon sakamako mai kyau ba lallai bane yana nufin cewa mutumin ya bugu a lokacin, kuma ba lallai bane yana nufin yana da matsalar shan ƙwayoyi.

Idan gwajin farko na magani ya nuna sakamako mai kyau, yawanci ana buƙatar gwajin tabbatarwa. Ana yin wannan gwajin tabbatarwa ta amfani da wata hanyar gwaji daban. Wannan yana rage haɗarin samun sakamako mara kyau - wato, mutumin da bai taɓa amfani da ƙwayoyi ba amma har yanzu yana da sakamako mai kyau - kuma yana ƙara daidaiton gwajin magani gaba ɗaya.

Wasu magunguna da abinci suma suna iya haifar da sakamako marasa kyau. Misali, cin 'ya'yan itacen poppy na iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau idan aka yi gwajin opioid. Hakazalika, shan wasu magungunan sanyi da ba a saya ba ta hanyar likita na iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau ga phencyclidine (PCP).

Fahimtar Sakamako Mara Kyau

Sakamakon da ba shi da kyau a gwajin magani yana nufin cewa ba a gano maganin da ake magana a kai ba. Wannan yana iya zama saboda matakin maganin bai isa a gano shi ba, ko kuma saboda an yi amfani da maganin a wajen taga gano shi. Duk da haka, sakamakon da ba shi da kyau ba ya kawar da amfani da magani kwanan nan ko kuma matsalar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Sakamakon ƙarya mara kyau - wato, gwajin da ke cewa 'a'a' duk da cewa wani ya yi amfani da ƙwayoyi - na iya faruwa saboda dalilai da yawa:

• Ba a ɗauki samfurin yadda ya kamata ba ko kuma ba a yi gwajin da ya dace ba.
• Mutumin da ake magana a kai yana ƙoƙarin yin magudi a gwajin (misali, bayar da samfurin fitsarin wani).
• Rashin yin gwajin maganin da ake magana a kai tare da wani gwaji na musamman (misali, gwajin amphetamine ba ya gano duk nau'ikan amphetamine).

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za ku tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen magunguna saboda dalilai daban-daban. Idan dole ne ka yi gwajin ƙwayoyi, zai iya zama ɗan damuwa. Amma ka tuna, likitoci da jami'ai suna nazarin waɗannan sakamakon sosai kuma suna ƙoƙarin fahimtar su. A lokuta da yawa, idan sakamako mai kyau ya dawo, ana buƙatar gwajin tabbatarwa don kawar da yuwuwar samun sakamako mara kyau.

Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da tsarin gwajin magunguna ko lokacin da aka yi sakamakon, ku tambayi wanda ya yi odar gwajin ko likita. Hakkin ku ne. Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku fahimtar wannan sosai.

Gwajin Magani , Gwajin Magani, Magunguna, Barasa, Nau'ikan Gwaje-gwaje, Gwajin Magani, Gwajin Jini, Sakamakon Magani