Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda iska ke shiga huhu idan muka shaƙa? Wannan wata hanya ce mai ban mamaki. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu taka rawa a cikin wannan muhimmiyar tafiya a cikin tsarin numfashinmu ita ce bronchi . A yau za mu yi magana game da waɗannan bronchi da kuma muhimmancinsu ga lafiyarmu.
Menene waɗannan bronchi?
A taƙaice dai, bronchi ɗinka manyan bututu ne guda biyu da ke ɗauke da iska zuwa huhu. Idan kana numfashi, iskar da ke shiga ta hancinka ko baki tana ratsa makogwaronka ta hanyar bututun iska , wanda shine bututun iskarka . Wannan bututun iska yana ratsawa gida biyu, kamar harafin Y. Waɗannan manyan bututu guda biyu ana kiransu bronchi - ɗaya yana zuwa huhun hagu, ɗayan kuma zuwa huhun dama. Sannan waɗannan manyan bututu guda biyu, kamar rassan itace, suna ratsawa zuwa ƙananan bututu a cikin huhunka. Waɗannan muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin numfashinmu . Ka yi tunanin su a matsayin hanyoyi, waɗanda ke taimakawa iska ta isa ga ƙananan jakar iska (alveoli) a cikin huhunka.
Me ke faruwa da bronchi?
Ga muhimmin abu. Babban aikin hanyoyin iska shine ɗaukar iska zuwa huhu da kuma ɗaukar iska daga huhu. Kamar hanya ce da ke ba motoci damar motsawa gaba da baya.
Ka yi tunanin kana numfashi...
1. Iska tana shiga ta baki ko hanci sannan ta ratsa cikin bronchi .
2. Sannan, iska tana shiga manyan hanyoyin iska guda biyu, dama da hagu, waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar raba wannan hanyar iska.
3. Waɗannan bronchi suna raba zuwa ƙananan bututu, kuma a ƙarshe, ta cikin ƙananan bututun da ake kira bronchioles, iska tana ratsawa zuwa cikin alveoli a cikin huhu. A nan ne ake ƙara iskar oxygen a cikin jininka.
Haka kuma, yayin da ake ƙara iskar oxygen a cikin jini, iskar carbon dioxide da ba a so da ke cikin jini tana sake shiga cikin jakar iska. Idan ka fitar da iskar, wannan iskar carbon dioxide tana dawowa ta cikin trachea, bronchi, da bronchioles kuma tana fitar da iska ta bakinka ko hancinka.
Muhimmi: Cikin hanyoyin iskar an lulluɓe shi da wani abu da ake kira majina . Wannan majina yana jiƙa iskar da ke shiga kuma tana kama abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙura a cikin iska. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙananan sifofi masu kama da gashi da ake kira cilia a cikin hanyoyin iskar. Waɗannan suna aiki kamar tsintsiya kuma suna tura ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙura da aka kama zuwa bayan makogwaro. A lokacin ne muke tari ko atishawa suka fito. Shin ba tsarin kariya mai ban mamaki ba ne?
Ina bronchi suke?
Hanyar iskar ...Bronchi yana haɗe da ƙarshen huhu. Suna farawa a matsayin manyan bututu, suna rabuwa a hankali zuwa ƙananan rassan, sannan a ƙarshe su zama ƙananan bronchioles .
Menene sassan bronchi?
Hanyar numfashi ba hanyar bututu ɗaya ba ce. Ana iya raba su zuwa manyan sassa uku, kamar hanyar da aka raba zuwa manyan hanyoyi da kuma tituna na gefe.
- Babban Bronchi/Babban Bronchi: Waɗannan su ne manyan bronchi guda biyu na farko - na dama da na hagu. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke haɗuwa kai tsaye zuwa ga trachea (bronchi ). Waɗannan su ne mafi faɗin ɓangaren bronchi.
- Bronchi na biyu/na lobular: Waɗannan su ne bututun da ke fitowa daga babban bronchi kuma suna shiga cikin lobes daban-daban na huhu. Shin kun san cewa huhun dama yana da lobes uku kuma huhun hagu yana da lobes biyu? Waɗannan bronchi na biyu suna shiga cikin kowanne daga cikin waɗannan lobes.
- Bronchi na Ƙasa/Sashe: Waɗannan ƙananan bututu ne waɗanda ke rarrafe zuwa ƙananan sassa a cikin huhu. Bayan haka, har ma ƙananan bronchioles suna farawa.
Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar hanya. Kamar juyawa ne daga babban titin (Firmary) zuwa babbar titin (Secondary), sannan ka koma wata ƙaramar titin (Tertiary).
Menene tsarin bronchi?
Hanyoyin iska sun ƙunshi tsoka mai santsi da kuma wani abu mai tauri da ake kira cartilage wanda ke kewaye da su. Wannan cartilage yana ba hanyoyin iska ƙarfi kuma yana hana su rugujewa yayin da iska ke ratsawa. Manyan hanyoyin iska suna da zoben cartilage . Duk da haka, tunda hanyoyin iska na sakandare da na uku sun ƙanƙanta, suna da faci na cartilage ne kawai. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, waɗannan suna da membranes na mucous da cilia a ciki.
Wannan tsarin trachea, bronchi, da bronchioles gaba ɗaya ana kiransa da itacen tracheobronchial , wanda ke nufin "itacen tracheobronchial." Domin yana kama da bishiyar da aka juye. Trachea yana kama da gangar bishiyar, bronchi kuma kamar rassan ne.
Waɗanne cututtuka ne ke shafar bronchi?
Abin takaici, hanyoyin numfashinmu na iya kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. Wataƙila kun ji labarin wasu daga cikinsu.
- Asma: Wannan yanayi ne da hanyoyin iska ke ci gaba da kumbura, wanda hakan ke sa numfashi ya yi wahala.
- Ciwon Hanci: A wannan yanayin, hanyoyin iska suna faɗaɗa, sun lalace, kuma suna samar da jakunkuna waɗanda ke tattara majina.
- Ciwon maƙogwaro: Kumburin hanyoyin iska. Wannan na iya zama na ɗan gajeren lokaci (mai tsanani) ko na dogon lokaci (mai tsanani).
- Dysplasia na huhu: Wannan matsala ce ta numfashi wadda za ta iya faruwa a jarirai. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da huhu ba ya girma yadda ya kamata.
- Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun (COPD): Wannan rukuni ne na cututtukan kumburi waɗanda ke shafar huhu, suna toshe hanyoyin iska kuma suna sa numfashi ya yi wahala.
- Ciwon Fibrosis na Cystic (CF): Wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta wadda ke haifar da tarin majina mai kauri da mannewa a cikin hanyoyin numfashi.
Mene ne alamomin matsalolin numfashi da aka saba gani?
Idan akwai matsala a hanyoyin numfashinka, za ka iya fuskantar alamu kamar haka:
- Tari (zai iya zama tari mai ɗorewa)
- Wahalar numfashi (kamar ƙarancin numfashi)
- Murmushi
- Zubar da jini da majina
- Matsewar ƙirji, jin matsewar ƙirji
- Gajiya akai-akai
- Cututtukan numfashi akai-akai (misali ciwon huhu, bronchitis)
Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne ake yi don duba lafiyar bronchi?
Dangane da alamun cutar, likita zai iya yin odar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don duba lafiyar hanyoyin numfashi da huhu.
- Spirometry: Wannan ita ce gwajin aikin huhu da aka fi sani. Yana auna yawan iskar da za ka iya riƙewa a cikin huhunka da kuma yadda za ka iya fitar da iska cikin sauri.
- Bronchoscopy: A cikin wannan aikin, likita yana saka ƙaramin bututu mai sassauƙa (tare da kyamara a haɗe) ta bakin ko hanci don duba cikin hanyoyin iska.
- CT Scan: Wannan gwaji ne da ke amfani da kwamfutoci na musamman da kuma X-ray don samar da cikakkun hotunan huhu.
- Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): Wannan yayi kama da bronchoscopy , amma yana amfani da fasahar ultrasound don taimakawa wajen gano kumburi ko ciwon daji a cikin hanyoyin iska.
- Gwajin Nitric Oxide da Aka Fitar: Wannan yana auna adadin nitric oxide da kuke fitarwa. Wannan zai iya gaya wa likitoci idan kuna da kumburi a cikin hanyoyin iska.
Wadanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su wajen magance cututtukan da ke shafar bronchi?
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara ne akan yanayin da ke shafar hanyoyin numfashi. Ga wasu daga cikin magungunan da aka fi amfani da su:
- Magungunan Shaƙa: Magunguna kamar su bronchodilators da steroids suna rage kumburi a cikin hanyoyin iska, suna faɗaɗa su kuma suna sauƙaƙa numfashi. Ana iya ba su ta hanyar inhaler ko nebulizer.Za ka iya saka shi a cikin ruwa ka bar shi ya yi tururi.
- Maganin Iskar Oxygen: Idan ba ka samun isasshen iskar oxygen, za a iya buƙatar a ba ka iskar oxygen daga waje.
- Gyaran Huhu: Wannan shiri ne na motsa jiki da ilmantarwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa huhu da kuma kula da cututtukan huhu.
- Magungunan Baki: Ana iya rubuta magunguna kamar steroids ko maganin rigakafi don a sha kowace rana ko kuma lokacin da kamuwa da cuta ta taso ko kuma cutar ta tsananta.
- Maganin Matsi na Hanyar Iska Mai Kyau: Likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar ka yi amfani da na'urar CPAP ko BiPAP® . Wannan yana taimakawa wajen buɗe hanyoyin iska.
Ta yaya zan kiyaye lafiyar bronchi na?
Ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar dukkan tsarin numfashinku, ba kawai hanyoyin iskar ku ba:
- A guji shan taba da shan sigari. Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci.
- A guji shaƙar hayakin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen shaƙa.
- Kiyaye tsaftar gidanki kuma ki riƙa canza matatun iska akai-akai.
- Motsa jiki akai-akai don ƙarfafa zuciyarka da huhu.
- Rage kamuwa da gurɓataccen iska gwargwadon iyawa.
- Idan kuna yawan fuskantar ƙura, allergens, ko hayakin sinadarai, yi amfani da kayan kariya kamar abin rufe fuska.
- Domin kare kanka daga kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi, a riƙa wanke hannu akai-akai, a guji cunkoson jama'a a lokacin mura, sannan a ba da shawarar a yi allurar rigakafi.
Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?
Idan kana da tari mai ɗorewa ko kuma kana jin kamar kana fuskantar matsalar numfashi, tabbas ka ga likita.
Haka kuma, idan kun fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun rashin lafiyar numfashi , ya kamata ku kira 1990 nan take ko ku je sashen gaggawa na asibiti mafi kusa:
- Launin lebe, fata, ko farce mai launin shuɗi, toka, ko kuma launin fari (Cyanosis)
- Janyewar Kirji (jin kamar ƙirjinka yana nutsewa a ciki idan kana numfashi)
- Numfashi mai sauri ba tare da wani dalili na musamman ba
- Kumburin hanci (saboda wahalar numfashi)
- Gumi ba tare da ƙara zafin jiki ba
- Murmushi
Ka tuna: Hanyoyin iskar da kake amfani da su suna da babban nauyi na ɗaukar iska zuwa huhunka. Jikinka yana amfani da wannan iskar don samun iskar oxygen da yake buƙata don rayuwa. A lokaci guda, hanyoyin iskar da kake amfani da su suna jika iskar, suna kare ka daga ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran abubuwan da za su iya cutar da kai.
A ƙarshe, ku tuna da wannan.
To, yanzu kun fahimci muhimmancin bronchi a jikinmu. Idan sun lalace ko kuma sun kumbura, cututtuka kamar su bronchi da COPD na iya tasowa. Saboda haka, don kiyaye lafiyar bronchi, ku guji shan taba gaba ɗaya kuma kada ku shaƙa duk wani abu da ke cutar da huhunku. Ku kula da numfashinku! Domin numfashi mai kyau shine mabuɗin rayuwa mai lafiya.
Tarin fuka, huhu, numfashi, tsarin numfashi, asma, mashako, huhu mai lafiya
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