Za mu yi magana game da ƙaramin hanjin ku a yau? Wannan gabobi ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci!

A yau za mu yi magana ne game da wani muhimmin ɓangare na jikinmu, amma wanda wani lokacin ba ma tunani sosai a kai. Wannan shine ƙaramin hanjinmu , ko kuma a Turanci, "Ƙaramin hanji". Wannan ɓangaren ne ke taimaka wa jiki ya sha abubuwan gina jiki da yake buƙata daga abubuwan da kuke ci da sha. Don haka, bari mu dubi menene ainihin wannan ƙaramin hanji, abin da yake yi, waɗanne cututtuka zai iya kamuwa da su, da kuma yadda za a kiyaye shi lafiya.

Wane irin hidima ƙaramin hanji ke yi wa jikinmu?

A taƙaice dai, ƙaramin hanjinka yana aiki sosai a tsarin narkewar abinci . Shi ne babban abin da ke shan sinadarai masu gina jiki da kuma shayar da jikinka da kake buƙata daga abincin da kake ci. Ka yi tunani a kai, bayan mun ci abinci, sai ya shiga cikin ciki ya ƙara samun ruwa. Sannan sai ya zo ga wannan ƙaramin hanji. A nan ne ainihin aikin ke faruwa.

Ƙaramin hanji yana yin abubuwa kamar haka:

• Ana ƙara raba abinci zuwa ruwa: Abincin da ya narke kaɗan wanda ya fito daga ciki ana raba shi zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙaramin hanji kuma ya zama ruwa. Don taimakawa wajen wannan , ana ƙara ruwan narkewar abinci da enzymes a cikin ƙaramin hanji. Hawan jini daga hanta da enzymes na narkewar abinci daga pancreas suna taimakawa wajen wannan.
• Sinadaran gina jiki da ruwa suna shiga jiki: Ƙaramin hanji yana shan bitamin, ma'adanai, carbohydrates, mai, da furotin a cikin abincin ruwa. Ana yin hakan ta hanyar ƙananan sifofi masu kama da yatsu da ake kira villi a bangon ciki. Waɗannan suna kama da gashin ƙaramin goga. Bangon ciki na waɗannan villi kuma ana kiransa mucosa .
• Tura abinci gaba: Bayan shan abubuwan gina jiki daga abincin da aka narkar, sauran sassan da ba a narkar da su ba, ko kuma sharar gida, ana tura su zuwa babban hanji . Daga nan, ana fitar da su daga jiki a matsayin najasa. Muna kiran wannan tsari na tura abinci gaba peristalsis . Motsi ne mai kama da raƙuman tsoka wanda ba za mu iya sarrafawa ba, yana tafiya tare da hanji.

Ina wannan ƙaramin hanji yake? Tsawonsa nawa ne?

Wataƙila kana mamakin, 'Ina wannan ƙaramin hanji yake a jikinka?' Ƙaramin hanjinka yana cikin ramin ciki . Wato, a cikin cikinka. Yana kama da dogon bututu mai ruwan hoda ko ja, mai lanƙwasa sosai kuma mai naɗewa. Babban hanjinka yana kewaye da wannan ƙaramin hanji.

Duk da sunansa, wannan shine mafi tsayin ɓangaren tsarin narkewar abinci namu, wato "Tsarin Gastrointestinal". Kada ku yi mamaki, tsawonsa ya kai ƙafa 22! Tsawonsa ya ninka na matsakaicin ɗaki sau biyu! Za ku iya tunanin?

Haka kuma, saman da ake da shi don shan abubuwan gina jiki a ciki yana da girma sosai. Dalilin haka shi ne akwai miliyoyin ƙananan zare da ake kira villi da ma ƙananan microvilli waɗanda ke rufe bangon ciki na ƙaramin hanji. Waɗannan suna ba da yankin saman da ake da shi don shan abubuwan gina jiki girman filin wasan tennis! Ka yi tunanin irin aikin da za a iya yi a cikin wannan ƙaramin sarari.

Amma sunan 'ƙarami' ya fito ne daga faɗinsa. Diamitansa kusan santimita 2 ne kawai . Wannan shine kusan girman yatsan hannunka.

Menene sassan ƙaramin hanji?

Wannan dogon ƙaramin hanji yana da manyan sassa uku. Kowanne sashe yana da takamaiman aiki. Bari mu dubi menene su.

1. Duodenum

• Wannan shine ɓangaren farko na ƙaramin hanji. A nan ne abinci ke haɗuwa da ƙaramin hanji bayan ya fita daga ciki.
• Wannan kamar ƙaramin bututu ne mai tsawon inci 10 , mai ɗan lanƙwasa a siffar harafin 'C'.
• Ana samar da ruwan narkewar abinci da enzymes da ake buƙata don narkar da abinci galibi a nan ake adana su.
• Hawan ciki daga cikin gallbladder ɗinka da kuma enzymes na narkewar abinci daga pancreas ɗinka suna haɗuwa a cikin wannan gland ɗin don taimakawa wajen narke abinci. Yana kama da cibiyar narkewar abinci.

2. Jejunum

• Wannan shine tsakiyar ɓangaren ƙaramin hanji. Yana farawa daga inda dubura ta ƙare.
• Tsawonsa ya kai ƙafa 8 ! An naɗe shi kuma yana ƙasan ramin ciki.
• Wannan ɓangaren ja ne mai duhu . Dalilin hakan shine yana da jijiyoyin jini da yawa. Domin yana buƙatar ingantaccen zagayawar jini don shan abubuwan gina jiki.
• Tsokokin da ke cikin wannan ɓangaren suna motsa abincin gaba da baya, suna haɗa shi da ruwan narkewar abinci. Motsin da na ambata mai suna peristalsis yana tura abincin a hankali zuwa ga ileum.

3. Ileum

• Wannan shine ɓangaren ƙarshe kuma mafi tsawo na ƙaramin hanji.
• Wannan ɓangaren yana shan mafi yawan sinadaran da jiki ke buƙata daga abincin da aka narkar (bitamin B12, gishirin bile, da sauran sinadaran da jejunum bai sha ba).
• Wannan ita ce ke aika da ragowar abincin da ya rage zuwa babban hanji.
• A cikin ileum ne abinci ke yin tsawon lokaci a cikin ƙaramin hanji, kafin ya wuce babban hanji.

Wadanne cututtuka ne ake yawan samu da ka iya shafar ƙaramin hanji?

Don haka, har ma ƙaramin hanji, wanda ke yin irin wannan muhimmin aiki, wani lokacin yana iya haifar da cututtuka. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani:

• Cutar Celiac: Wannan yanayi ne da jiki ke mayar da martani ga wani furotin da ake kira gluten (wanda ake samu a cikin hatsi kamar alkama da sha'ir). Yana lalata rufin ƙananan hanji.
• Cutar Crohn:Wannan yanayi ne na kumburi na dogon lokaci wanda zai iya faruwa a ko'ina cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Hakanan yana iya shafar ƙaramin hanji.
• Ciwon ciki (Enteritis): Wannan kumburi ne na ƙaramin hanji. Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar cututtuka daban-daban (bacteria, virus).
• Ciwon daji na ciki (ciwon daji na ciki / ciwace-ciwacen daji): Waɗannan su ne ciwon daji masu girma a hankali waɗanda ke farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin da ke samar da hormones.
• Ciwon Ciki Mai Raɗaɗi (IBS): Wannan na iya haifar da alamu kamar ciwon ciki, kumburi, maƙarƙashiya, ko gudawa. Yana shafar aikin ƙaramin hanji.
• Rashin sha: Wannan shine rashin iya shan abinci mai gina jiki ɗaya ko fiye yadda ya kamata. Wannan na iya haifar da dalilai da yawa.
• Meckel's diverticulum: Wannan tsari ne na haihuwa (wanda ake samu a lokacin haihuwa) kamar jakar leda a bangon ƙaramin hanji. Yana iya haifar da matsala ga wasu mutane.
• Ciwon gyambon ciki: Ciwon ciki da kuma ɓangaren farko na ƙaramin hanji (duodenum).
• Scleroderma: Wannan cuta ce da ke shafar kyallen haɗin gwiwa, wani lokacin tana raunana tsokoki na ƙaramin hanji kuma tana shafar aikinsa.
• Toshewar ƙananan hanji: Toshewar ƙananan hanji wanda ke toshe hanyar shiga abinci ta ƙaramin hanji. Wannan na iya zama gaggawa.
• SIBO (Ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta ta hanji): ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a babban hanji suna girma sosai a cikin ƙaramin hanji. Wannan kuma yana iya tsoma baki ga shan abubuwan gina jiki.

Mene ne alamun matsalar ƙaramin hanji?

Babban aikin ƙaramin hanji shine shan abubuwan gina jiki da ruwa. Don haka, idan ya yi rashin lafiya, ba zai iya yin wannan aikin yadda ya kamata ba. Sannan alamu kamar waɗannan na iya faruwa:

• Ciwon ciki da ciwon ciki (wannan na iya zama na dindindin ko kuma na zuwa da tafiya)
• Kumburi, kumburin ciki, iskar gas
• Maƙarƙashiya (kada ku damu, wasu mutane ma suna iya kamuwa da gudawa, ya bambanta dangane da cutar)
• Gudawa (zubar hanji mai ruwa, wani lokacin tare da ƙwayoyin abinci marasa narkewa)
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Rage nauyi ba tare da wani dalili ba (idan kana rage nauyi ba tare da rage cin abincinka ko ƙara motsa jiki ba, abu ne da za a damu da shi)
• Idan ciwon cikinka ya tsananta, musamman idan kana cin abinci mai kitse
• Rauni, gajiya (saboda ƙarancin ƙarfe)

Ta yaya za ka san idan akwai matsala da ƙaramin hanji?

Idan har yanzu kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin alamomin da aka ambata a sama, ya fi kyau ka ga likita.Zai saurari alamun cutar, tarihin lafiyarka, kuma ya yanke shawara kan irin gwaje-gwajen da za a yi. Misali, idan kawai kana rage kiba, zai yi odar gwajin jini. Idan kana da ciwon ciki, maƙarƙashiya, ko gudawa, zai yi odar gwaje-gwaje don ganin abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙaramin hanjinka.

Gwaje-gwajen jini da na dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano matsalolin ƙananan hanji

Wannan zai iya haɗawa da abubuwa kamar:

• Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC): Wannan na iya ba da ra'ayi game da abubuwa kamar anemia da cututtuka.
• Cikakken Metabolic Panel (CMP): Wannan yana duba abubuwa kamar aikin hanta da koda, da matakan electrolyte.
• Binciken fitsari
• Gwaje-gwaje don takamaiman cututtuka kamar cutar celiac da cutar Crohn (misali, gwaje-gwajen jini waɗanda ke neman takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi a jiki).
• Gwaje-gwajen bayan gida: Waɗannan na iya duba ko akwai kamuwa da cuta, zubar jini, da kuma ko ana shan abubuwan gina jiki yadda ya kamata.

Gwaje-gwajen hoto don duba ƙaramin hanji

Waɗannan na iya duba cikin ƙaramin hanji:

• Za a yi amfani da na'urar duba ƙwayoyin cuta ta Capsule endoscopy: Wannan ya haɗa da haɗiye wani ƙaramin kapsul da ke ɗauke da ƙaramin kyamara a ciki. Yana ɗaukar hotuna yayin da yake ratsa hanji. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen ganin yankunan ƙaramin hanji waɗanda ke da wahalar gani ta amfani da wasu na'urorin duba ƙwayoyin cuta.
• CT scan (Computed Tomography scan): Wannan yana ba da damar ɗaukar hotunan cikin jiki. Ana iya ganin bangon hanji da wuraren da ke kewaye a fili.
• Enteroscopy: Wannan ya ƙunshi saka endoscope na musamman (bututu mai siriri mai sassauƙa tare da kyamara da haske) ta bakin ko dubura don duba cikin ƙaramin hanji. Haka kuma ana iya ɗaukar biopsy idan ya cancanta.
• Jerin X-ray na ƙaramin hanji / Bibiyar Barium: Ana haɗiye wani abu kamar barium kuma ana ɗaukar hotunan X-ray da yawa yayin da yake ratsa hanji.
• Upper endoscopy (OGD): A cikin wannan aikin, ana saka endoscope ta baki don duba duodenum (ɓangaren farko na ƙaramin hanji), ciki, da kuma esophagus.

Menene maganin matsalolin ƙananan hanji?

Akwai cututtuka da yawa da ke shafar ƙaramin hanji. Saboda haka, maganin da ake bayarwa ya bambanta dangane da cutar da tsananin cutar. Wani lokaci za ku iya sarrafa cutar ta hanyar canza abin da kuke ci da abin sha . Wani lokaci dole ne ku sha magani . A wasu lokuta masu tsanani, tiyata na iya zama dole.

Misali:

• Idan kana da cutar celiac , za ka buƙaci bin tsarin abinci mara alkama har tsawon rayuwarka.
• Kana da cutar ulcer ta peptic.Idan akwai, likita zai rubuta magunguna da ke rage sinadarin acid da kuma kare rufin hanji har sai ya warke. Idan kwayoyin cuta (H. pylori) ne suka haifar da shi, za a ba da maganin rigakafi.
• Ga cututtukan kumburi kamar cutar Crohn , ana iya ba da magunguna da ke rage kumburi da kuma sarrafa tsarin garkuwar jiki.
• Amma idan kana da ƙaramin toshewar hanji , wataƙila za ka buƙaci tiyata don cire toshewar.

Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a bi umarnin likita daidai.

Ta yaya zan iya kiyaye lafiyar ƙananan hanjina?

Hanya mafi kyau don kiyaye lafiyar ƙananan hanjinku ita ce kiyaye lafiyar dukkan tsarin narkewar abinci . Ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi don taimakawa:

• Cin abinci mai kyau: Ku ci abinci mai wadataccen 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, da hatsi cikakke (kamar shinkafa mai launin ruwan kasa, buckwheat, da hatsi). Ku rage kitse da aka sarrafa. Tambayi likitan abinci game da ƙara magungunan prebiotics (wanda ake samu a cikin ayaba, albasa, da tafarnuwa) da kuma probiotics (wanda ake samu a cikin yogurt da madarar da aka yi fermented) a cikin abincinku. Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen tallafawa ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau a cikin hanjinku.
• Sha ruwa mai yawa: Shan ruwa da abubuwan sha marasa sinadarin carbon, waɗanda ba su da sinadarin caffein (misali, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan lemu, shayin ganye) a duk tsawon yini suna taimakawa tsarin narkewar abinci, gami da ƙaramin hanji, narkar da abinci da kuma kawar da sharar gida.
• Samun isasshen barci da hutawa: Samun isasshen barci yana taimakawa wajen gyara ƙwayoyin halitta a jiki da kuma ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki. Wannan kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyar ƙaramin hanji. Yi ƙoƙarin samun akalla awanni 7-8 na barci a rana.
• Sarrafa damuwa: Shin kun san cewa damuwa na iya ƙara ta'azzara yanayin da ke shafar ƙaramin hanji, kamar cutar Crohn da ciwon hanji mai saurin fushi (IBS)? Don haka ku yi ƙoƙarin kwantar da hankalinku. Abubuwa kamar yin zuzzurfan tunani, yoga, shiga cikin sha'awa, da motsa jiki na iya taimakawa.
• Ka kasance mai aiki tukuru: Motsa jiki akai-akai yana inganta kwararar jini zuwa hanjinka da sauran muhimman gabobin jiki, yana ƙarfafa tsokoki, kuma yana inganta motsin hanji - matsewar tsokoki da ke motsa abinci ta hanyar narkewar abinci. Ko da mintuna 30 kawai na tafiya a rana yana da kyau.

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna

Duba, ƙaramin hanjinmu na iya zama 'ƙarami' kawai, amma hidimar da yake bayarwa ga lafiyarmu gaba ɗaya ba ƙarami ba ce. Yana yin babban aiki na mayar da abinci daga ciki zuwa abinci mai gina jiki mai ruwa-ruwa. Wannan yana ɗaukar lokaci. Abinci zai iya zama a cikin ƙaramin hanji har zuwa awanni shida a lokaci guda, ana rarraba shi ta hanyar tsari kuma ana shan abubuwan gina jiki. Hakanan, yana buƙatar yin aiki tare da sauran gabobin tsarin narkewar abinci don yin wannan aikin.

Abubuwa masu sauƙi kamar cin abinci mai kyau, shan ruwa mai yawa, kasancewa cikin aiki, da rage damuwa na iya taimaka wa ƙaramin hanjinka ya kasance cikin koshin lafiya kuma ya yi aikinsa yadda ya kamata.

Haka kuma, idan kana da alamun kamar ciwon ciki, maƙarƙashiya, gudawa, ko kuma kawai kana jin rauni, kada ka ɓata lokaci kuma kada ka ji tsoron ganin likita . Waɗannan alamun suna nufin cewa akwai wata matsala a cikin ƙaramin hanjinka. Idan ka gano kuma ka yi maganinta da wuri, za ka iya hana manyan matsaloli faruwa. Ka fahimta? Lafiyarka tana da mahimmanci a gare ka kamar yadda take a gare mu.

` Ƙaramin hanji, narkewar abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, ciwon ciki, tsarin narkewar abinci, rayuwa mai kyau