Ƙaramin shugaban kwakwalwarka: Bari mu koyi game da hypothalamus.

A yau za mu yi magana game da wani muhimmin ɓangare na jikinmu, amma ba a san shi sosai ba. Wannan ita ce babbar gaɓar da ake kira Hypothalamus, wadda take cikin kwakwalwarmu, wadda ke aiki kamar 'tsarin sarrafa mai wayo' na jikinmu. Ka yi tunanin irin rudanin da jikinmu zai shiga ba tare da wannan ƙaramin guntu ba!

Menene hypothalamus? Me yake yi?

A taƙaice dai, hypothalamus ƙaramin ɓangare ne na kwakwalwarka, amma mai ƙarfi sosai, wanda ke da aminci sosai. Girmansa ya kai kusan goro na cashew. Ita ce babbar gadar da ke tsakanin tsarin endocrine ɗinka, wanda shine tsarin samar da hormones, da kuma tsarin jijiyoyi .

Ka yi tunanin kana da 'tsarin gida mai wayo' a gidanka. Yana sarrafa komai a cikin gida ta atomatik, gami da fitilu, fanka, AC, da tsaro, ko ba haka ba? Haka nan, hypothalamus kamar cibiyar 'mai wayo' ce ta jikinmu. Shi ne abin da ke taimakawa wajen daidaita komai a cikin jiki da kuma yadda ya kamata. A fannin magani, muna kiran wannan ma'auni (Homeostasis) .

Yanzu duba abubuwan da yake iko da su:

• Zafin jikinka
• Hawan jini
• Yunwa da ƙishirwa
• Jin ƙoshi bayan cin abinci
• Yanayinka
• Sha'awar jima'i
• Barci

Hypothalamus yana aiki ta hanyoyi biyu don kiyaye duk waɗannan abubuwan cikin sauƙi. Ɗaya shine ta hanyar rinjayar tsarin jijiyoyi na autonomic kai tsaye. Wannan shine abin da ke sarrafa abubuwan da ba mu da iko da sani, kamar bugun zuciyarmu da numfashi. Ɗayan kuma shine ta hanyar sarrafa hormones . Hormones kamar manzannin jikinmu ne. Suna tafiya ta cikin jini kuma suna ɗaukar saƙonni zuwa ga gabobin jiki daban-daban. Hypothalamus yana yin wasu hormones kuma yana adana su a cikin pituitary na baya . Hakanan yana aika sigina (hormones) zuwa glandar pituitary . Waɗannan sigina ko dai suna sa glandar pituitary ta saki hormones waɗanda ke shafar wani ɓangare na jiki kai tsaye, ko kuma suna aika sigina zuwa wani gland, wanda daga nan ya fitar da hormones.

Mene ne alaƙar da ke tsakanin hypothalamus da glandar pituitary?

Glandar pituitary tana ƙasa da hypothalamus. Dukansu suna aiki tare sosai. Glandar pituitary tana da manyan sassa biyu: na gaba da na baya . Hypothalamus tana sadarwa da waɗannan sassa biyu ta hanya ta musamman.

Yana haɗuwa da pituitary na gaba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyin jini. Yana haɗuwa da pituitary na baya ta hanyar nama da ake kira pituitary stalk. Hypothalamus yana aika sigina zuwa glandar pituitary a cikin nau'in sakin hormones, yana gaya masa ya saki wannan hormone.

Yadda ake amfani da maganin Pituitary na gaba

Glandar pituitary ta gaba tana fitar da nau'ikan hormones daban-daban bisa ga sigina daga hypothalamus. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan hormones suna shafar sassan jiki kai tsaye, yayin da wasu ke motsa wasu glanders don fitar da ƙarin hormones. Wannan na iya yin kama da rikitarwa, amma a zahiri hanyar sarka ce. Misali, ana sarrafa hormone girma da hormone mai motsa thyroid ta wannan hanyar.

Yadda ake aiki da Posterior Pituitary

A nan, wani abu ya ɗan bambanta. Hypothalamus da kansa yana samar da hormones guda biyu, amma ana adana su a cikin pituitary na baya. Idan ana buƙata, hypothalamus yana aika sigina don sakin waɗannan hormones zuwa cikin jini. Waɗannan hormones guda biyu sune:

• Oxytocin: Wannan wani sinadari ne na musamman. Yana taimakawa wajen matse tsokoki na mahaifa yayin haihuwa kuma yana motsa raguwar madara yayin shayarwa. Ana kuma tsammanin yana da hannu a cikin haɗin kai, sha'awar jima'i, amincewa, ganewa, zagayowar barci, da kuma jin daɗin rayuwa.
• Vasopressin: Wanda kuma ake kira da hormone antidiuretic (ADH) , wannan hormone yana sarrafa adadin ruwa a jiki, wanda ke nufin adadin fitsarin da ake fitarwa, da kuma hawan jini.

Menene sauran ayyukan hypothalamus?

Baya ga hormones da aka ambata a baya, hypothalamus yana samar da wasu muhimman hormones da dama.

• Dopamine: Wannan shine 'hormone mai daɗi'. Shi ne abin da ke sa mu ji daɗi da gamsuwa. Shi ne abin da ke ba mu kwarin gwiwa don yin wani abu. Dopamine kuma yana yin wani abu daban, wato gaya wa glandar pituitary ta daina sakin wani hormone da ake kira prolactin .
• Somatostatin: Wannan hormone yana hana sakin wasu hormones da dama. Misali, yana dakatar da sakin hormones kamar hormone girma , hormone mai motsa thyroid , cholecystokinin, da insulin . Abin mamaki, waɗannan hormones kuma suna sarrafa samar da somatostatin.

Bugu da ƙari, hypothalamus da kanta tana gyara duk wani rashin daidaito a cikin abubuwa kamar canjin yanayin zafin jiki, damuwa, da kuma yanayin jikinmu na yau da kullun.

Ina hypothalamus yake?

Na faɗa a baya, girmansa ya kai kusan girman goro na cashew. Hypothalamus yana nan a gindin kwakwalwarka, a ƙarƙashin thalamus da kuma sama da glandar pituitary. A takaice dai, yana nan kai tsaye a saman tushen kwakwalwa.

Me zai faru idan hypothalamus ya lalace?

Idan hypothalamus ya lalace ta wata hanya, ba zai iya yin aikinsa yadda ya kamata ba. Muna kiran wannan yanayin rashin aikin hypothalamic . Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da hakan.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin aiki na hypothalamic:

• Raunukan kai, misali , raunin kwakwalwa .
• Cututtukan kwakwalwa.
• Ciwon kwakwalwa ko kuma bugun zuciya da ke faruwa a cikin ko kusa da hypothalamus.
• Rage kiba mai yawa saboda matsalolin cin abinci, kamar bulimia ko anorexia .
• Tiyatar kwakwalwa.
• Maganin radiation da chemotherapy .
• Lalacewar haihuwa / Yanayin haihuwa da ya shafi kwakwalwa ko hypothalamus.
• Cututtukan kumburi, misali , sclerosis mai yawa da neurosarcoidosis .
• Wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, misali , rashin sinadarin hormone na girma .

Matsalolin da za a iya haifar da hypothalamic:

Cututtuka daban-daban na iya faruwa saboda rashin aikin hypothalamus. Saboda hypothalamus da glandar pituitary suna aiki sosai, yanayin da ke shafar ɗayan waɗannan biyun ana kuma kiransa cututtukan hypothalamic-pituitary .

• Hypopituitarism: Wannan na iya faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar glandar pituitary ko hypothalamus.
• Ciwon suga insipidus: Wannan yanayi yana faruwa ne lokacin da hypothalamus bai samar da sinadarin vasopressin (ADH) yadda ya kamata ba. Wannan yana sa kodan su fitar da ruwa mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da yawan fitsari da kuma ƙishirwa.
• Ciwon Prader-Willi: Wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. A cikin wannan yanayin, hypothalamus ba ya fahimtar yadda ya kamata lokacin da ciki ya cika bayan cin abinci. Sakamakon haka, akwai sha'awar cin abinci akai-akai kuma akwai haɗarin kiba.
• Ciwon Kallmann: Wannan kuma wata cuta ce da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan hypothalamus na asali. Wannan na iya haifar da jinkiri ko rashin balaga a cikin yara.
• Acromegaly da Pituitary gigantism: Waɗannan su ne matsalolin girma da ba kasafai ake samu ba sakamakon fitar da hormone girma da yawa daga glandar pituitary.
• Ciwon da ke haifar da rashin isasshen sinadarin antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): Wannan shine lokacin da matakin sinadarin antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ya yi yawa. Yana iya faruwa sakamakon bugun jini, zubar jini, kamuwa da cuta, haɗurra, ciwon daji, da wasu magunguna.
• Ciwon Hanta na Tsakiya: Wannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba wanda ke faruwa sakamakon cututtukan hypothalamic da pituitary. Babban abin da ke haifar da shi shine ciwon pituitary, misali ciwon pituitary adenoma .
• Amenorrhea na aiki: Wannan yanayin yana bayyana ne ta hanyar dakatar da haila na tsawon watanni fiye da uku a cikin mace wadda a da take yin haila akai-akai, ko kuma fiye da watanni shida a cikin mace wadda take yin haila ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Babban dalilin wannan shine rashin aikin hypothalamic.
• Hyperprolactinemia: Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon raguwar matakan dopamine, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar matakan prolactin. Wannan na iya faruwa ne sakamakon ciwace-ciwacen daji ko lalacewar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin hypothalamus.

Mene ne alamun rashin aikin hypothalamic?

Alamomin rashin aikin hypothalamic sun dogara ne akan nau'in hormone da abin ya shafa da kuma ko matakan wannan hormone sun yi ƙasa ko sun yi yawa. Idan akwai matsala da hypothalamus, za ku iya ganin wasu daga cikin waɗannan alamun:

• Hawan jini ko ƙarancin hawan jini
• Rike ruwa ko bushewar ruwa
• Rage nauyi ko ƙaruwa, tare da ko ba tare da canjin sha'awa ba
• Rashin haihuwa
• Rashin lafiyar ƙashi
• Jinkirin balaga
• Rage tsoka da rauni
• Sau da yawa ana samun canjin yanayin jiki a jiki
• Rashin barci
• Yawan buƙatar yin fitsari

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Hypothalamus da ke cikin kwakwalwarka kamar cibiyar "mai wayo" ce ta jiki. Kamar tsarin sarrafawa ta atomatik a gidanka, hypothalamus yana sarrafa ayyukan jiki.

Yana shafar tsarin jijiyoyin jikinka kai tsaye, yana sarrafa abubuwa kamar bugun zuciya, hawan jini, da zafin jiki cikin sauƙi. Hakanan yana fitar da hormones kuma yana umurtan wasu hormones ko gland don sarrafa barci, yanayi, girman tsoka da ƙashi, da sha'awar jima'i, da sauransu.

Yanayi daban-daban da ke shafar hypothalamus na iya haifar da matsaloli iri-iri na lafiya. Don haka idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, yana da mahimmanci ka nemi shawarar likita. Ka tuna, samun bayanai game da wannan bayanin na iya zama babban taimako wajen kula da lafiyarka!

' Hypothalamus, kwakwalwa, hormones, glandar pituitary, tsarin endocrine, tsarin juyayi, alamu