Ƙaramin jarumi mai mahimmanci a rayuwarmu: Komai game da Medulla Oblongata!

Shin kun taɓa mamakin yadda wasu abubuwan da ke cikin jikinmu - numfashi, bugun zukatanmu, haɗiye abinci - ke faruwa ta atomatik, ba tare da wani ƙoƙari ba, ba tare da mun ma yi tunani a kai ba? Ƙaramin mutum mai ƙarfi amma mai iko a bayan waɗannan ayyuka masu mahimmanci ana kiransa Medulla Oblongata. Shin za mu yi magana game da wannan ɓangaren mai ban mamaki a yau?

Menene Medulla Oblongata? A takaice dai...

A taƙaice dai, medulla oblongata ɗinka wani ɓangare ne na tushen kwakwalwarka. Ka yi tunanin hakan ta wannan hanyar, daga kwakwalwarmu har zuwa kashin bayanmu, muna da kashin baya, wanda yake kamar gada da ke haɗa su biyun. Shi ya sa medulla oblongata muhimmin mahaɗi ne a cikin tsarin jijiyoyinmu. Kamar babban mahaɗi ne inda manyan hanyoyi ke haɗuwa! Yana sarrafa ayyuka da yawa mafi muhimmanci a jikinmu.

Menene ainihin aikin medulla oblongata? Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa...

Medulla oblongata (mu kira shi "medulla") yana da aiki mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Ba wai kawai saboda wurin da yake ba ne, har ma saboda abubuwan da yake sarrafawa. Ga wasu daga cikin abubuwan da yake yi:

• Yana kula da zuciya , zagayawar jini , da numfashi : Haka ne, medulla ita ce inda tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyinmu suke aiki tare don sarrafa abubuwa kamar bugun zuciyarka, yadda kake numfashi, da hawan jini . Ka yi tunanin, ba tare da shi ba, da ba za mu iya numfashi yadda ya kamata ba!
• Ana sarrafa wasu hanyoyin sarrafa kai tsaye: Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke faruwa ta atomatik a jikinka ba tare da ka yi tunanin su ba. Misali, abubuwa kamar tari, atishawa, haɗiye abinci, amai , da kuma daidaita daidaito . Idan muka ci abinci, ba ma tunanin, "Ina buƙatar haɗiye yanzu," ko ba haka ba? Yana faruwa ta atomatik. Wannan shine abin da ke taimaka mana mu yi hakan.
• Haɗin jijiyoyi: Yawancin manyan jijiyoyi a jikinmu suna haɗuwa da kashin baya. Daga nan, ana aika saƙonni zuwa da kuma daga kwakwalwa ta hanyar waɗannan jijiyoyi. Don haka, duk waɗannan saƙonnin dole ne su ratsa ta cikin medulla. Huɗu daga cikin jijiyoyi goma sha biyu na kwakwalwa, waɗanda ke haɗa wurare kamar wuyanka, makogwaro , da harshe kai tsaye zuwa kwakwalwa, suna ratsa ta cikin wannan medulla.
• Wurin giciye:Ga wani abu mai ban mamaki kwarai da gaske! Akwai wani yanki na musamman da ake kira "Pyramids" a cikin medulla inda yawancin jijiyoyin da ke cikin motsin jikinmu ke ketarewa. Wannan ketarewa shine dalilin da ya sa gefe ɗaya na kwakwalwarka ke sarrafa ɗayan gefen jikinka. Ka yi tunanin, lokacin da kake son motsa hannun damanka, umarnin ya fito ne daga gefen hagu na kwakwalwarka. Wannan shine abin da ke faruwa saboda wannan ketarewa.

Muhimmi: Medulla muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwarmu kuma tana aiki mai matukar wahala. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da ita.

Menene alaƙar da ke tsakanin medulla da jijiyoyin kwakwalwa?

Mun riga mun ambata cewa akwai wani nau'in jijiya da ake kira jijiyoyin kwakwalwa. Waɗannan suna zuwa biyu biyu. Bari mu kalli wasu daga cikin jijiyoyin da ke ratsa ta cikin medulla:

• Jijiyoyin Kwanya IX (CN IX): Wannan jijiyar kwanya ta tara tana da hannu a ayyuka da yawa a bakinmu. Tana sarrafa glandar da ke samar da yawu, dandano, da taɓawa a cikin baki. Hakanan tana sarrafa motsin gag, wanda ke hana mu samun wani abu da ya makale a makogwaronmu ba zato ba tsammani.
• Jijiyoyin Kwanya X (CN X): Wani suna na wannan jijiyar kwanya ta goma shine jijiyar Vagus. Wannan a zahiri jijiyar tana da matukar muhimmanci a jikinmu. Tana da alaƙa da kowace babbar gabar jiki daga wuyanmu zuwa saman hanjinmu. Tana ɗauke da saƙonni daga tsarin jijiyoyin da ke da iko, waɗanda ba ma muke tunani a kansu ba. Tana sarrafa abubuwa kamar bugun zuciya da motsin hanji. Hakanan tana ɗauke da saƙonni zuwa maƙogwaronmu (akwatin murya) da tsokoki da ake amfani da su wajen haɗiye abinci.
• Jijiyoyin Kwanya XI (CN XI): Jijiyoyin kwanya na sha ɗaya suna sarrafa tsokoki a wuyanmu da kuma bayanmu na sama. Waɗannan tsokoki suna taimakawa lokacin da kake juya kanka ka ɗaga kafadu.
• Jijiyoyin Kwanya na XII (CN XII): Jijiyoyin kwanya na goma sha biyu suna sarrafa tsokoki da kuke amfani da su don fitar da harshenku. Don haka, magana da haɗiye suna da mahimmanci.

Ka gani, irin muhimmiyar hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi tana aiki ta wannan ƙaramin medulla!

Ina medulla take?

Medulla tana ƙasan kwakwalwarka. Musamman ma, ita ce inda kashin bayanka ya haɗu da kwakwalwarka ta hanyar wani buɗewa da ake kira foramen magnum a gindin kwanyarka. A saman medulla akwai pons, wanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin da ke tsakiyar kwakwalwa. Wani fasali na musamman na medulla shine yana raba jijiyoyin da ke sarrafa motsin tsoka (wanda ke gefen hagu) daga jijiyoyin da ke sarrafa ji kamar taɓawa, zafin jiki, da zafi (wanda ke gefen dama).

Yaya wannan yake kama? Siffa, launi, girma?

• Siffa:Medulla yawanci yana da siffar bututu, ko kuma mazurari. Sashen sama, inda yake haɗuwa da pons, shine mafi faɗi.
• Launi: Wannan yawanci launinsa launin ruwan kasa ne ko kuma launin kore. Wani lokaci yana da launin ruwan hoda.
• Girma: Medulla tana da matuƙar muhimmanci, amma ƙarama ce sosai. Tsawonta ya kai kimanin santimita 3 (kimanin inci 1.1). Mafi faɗin ɓangaren giciye shine kimanin santimita 2 (kimanin inci 0.78).
• Nauyi: Matsakaicin kwakwalwar manya tana da nauyin tsakanin kilogiram 1.2 zuwa 1.4 (fam 2.6 da 3.1). Medulla tana da kusan kashi 0.5% na wannan. Wannan yana nufin tana da nauyin tsakanin gram 59 zuwa 72 (oza 2 zuwa 2.5). Ƙarami ne, amma tana da aiki sosai, ko ba haka ba?

Da me aka yi wannan?

Kamar sauran ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, medulla ta ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa fari da launin toka da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi daban-daban. Kwakwalwarmu kusan ta ƙunshi:

• Ruwa kashi 77%
• Kitse `(Lipids)` 11%
• 8% furotin
• Sauran abubuwa 4%

Waɗanne cututtuka da cututtuka ne suka fi shafar medulla?

Wannan ƙaramin ɓangaren amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci zai iya shafar cututtuka da cututtuka daban-daban. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Aneurysms (jijiyoyin jini masu rauni da kumbura)
• Ciwon daji
• Lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon raunin kai, kamar su bugun jini da raunin kwakwalwa
• Shanyewar jiki ko kuma hare-haren da ake kaiwa ta hanyar jini (TIAs) (wanda kuma ake kira ƙananan shanyewar jiki)
• Akwai kuma wasu cututtuka da ba a saba gani ba, kamar su ciwon Moebius, ƙarancin tsarin jiki mai yawa, da kuma ciwon farfadiya mai ci gaba.

Akwai yanayi da dama da shanyewar jiki ke haifarwa a cikin tushen kwakwalwa, kuma ana kiransu da sunaye na musamman:

• Ciwon Wallenberg: Wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon lateral medullary, wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da jini ya katse zuwa gefen medulla, wanda hakan ke haifar da lalacewa ga wannan yanki. Wannan shine nau'in bugun jini da ya fi shafar medulla.
• Ciwon Dejerine: Wanda kuma ake kira da ciwon medial medullary, wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da bugun jini ya toshe kwararar jini zuwa tsakiyar medulla, yana shafar dala inda jijiyoyi ke haɗuwa.
• Ciwon medullary na tsakiya na biyu: Wannan wani yanayi ne da ba a saba gani ba. Yana haɗa siffofin ciwon Dejerine da ciwon Wallenberg, yana shafar ɓangarorin jiki biyu.
• Ciwon Reinhold:Ana kuma kiran wannan ciwon hemidemedullary. Wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba. Yana da alamun cutar Wallenberg da Dejerine, amma cutar Wallenberg tana shafar gefe ɗaya ne kawai.
• Ciwon Babinski-Nageotte da Cestan-Chenais: Waɗannan su ma yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Suna faruwa ne sakamakon haɗakar wasu daga cikin illolin ciwon Wallenberg da cutar Reinhold.

Mene ne alamun matsalolin da ke cikin medulla?

Alamomin cututtukan da ke shafar medulla na iya kama da waɗanda ake gani a cikin matsalolin sassan jiki waɗanda ke da alaƙa da jijiyoyin da ke gudana ta cikin medulla. Duk da haka , babban bambanci shine cewa tare da bugun jini wanda ke shafar medulla, za ku fuskanci wasu alamu a gefe ɗaya na jikin ku wasu kuma a ɗayan gefen. Ga wasu daga cikin alamun da aka fi sani:

• Alamomin bugun jini (misali, sunkuyar fuska, rashin iya magana, asarar gaɓɓai)
• Rashin iyawa ko rashin daidaituwa (alamomin ataxia) - tafiya kamar maye, rashin iya fahimtar abubuwa.
• Ciwon kai
• Ƙarar murya (dysphonia)
• Rashin jin zafin jiki ko zafi a wani ɓangare na jiki ko fuska
• Motsin ido mara tsari (Nystagmus)
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Shanyewar jiki (a sassa daban-daban na fuska ko jiki)
• Wahalar haɗiyewa (Dysphagia)
• Matsalolin gani

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba lafiyar medulla?

Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa da zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan da ke shafar kwakwalwarka, gami da medulla. Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka fi yi sune:

• Gwaje-gwajen jini (misali, waɗanda ke neman matsalolin tsarin garkuwar jiki ko cututtukan gado)
• Na'urar daukar hoton kwamfuta (CT)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) (sa ido kan ayyukan lantarki na kwakwalwa)
• Electromyogram (EMG) (duba ayyukan jijiyoyi a cikin tsokoki)
• Hoton maganadisu (MRI)
• Hoton daukar hoton iskar Positron (PET)
• Huda kashin baya / Huda ta baya

Menene maganin cututtukan medulla?

Wasu magungunan cututtukan medulla suna da takamaiman aiki, domin wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa yana yin ayyuka na musamman. Haka kuma, saboda wurin da medulla yake, tiyata na iya zama da wahala, kuma wani lokacin ba zai yiwu ba, saboda babban haɗarin lalacewa ga wasu sassan kwakwalwa ko kashin baya da ke kusa.

Me zan iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar medulla dina?

Akwai abubuwa da dama da za ku iya yi don hana lalacewar medulla ɗinku, ko don guje wa yanayin da ke shafar shi:

• Ku ci abinci mai kyau.Idan kana da ƙarancin wasu bitamin, musamman bitamin B12, zai iya shafar kwakwalwarka, gami da medulla, kuma ya haifar da manyan matsaloli.
• Ka kasance mai motsa jiki kuma ka kula da lafiyayyen nauyi. Matsalolin da ke tattare da tsarin jijiyoyin jini da zuciyarka na iya shafar kwakwalwarka. Shanyewar jiki ɗaya ce daga cikin waɗannan misalan. Shanyewar jiki galibi matsalolin zuciya ne ke haifar da shi. Kasancewa cikin motsa jiki da kiyaye lafiyayyen nauyi na iya taimakawa wajen rage wannan haɗarin.
• Sanya kayan kariya idan ya zama dole. Raunin kai na iya haifar da mummunan lalacewar kwakwalwa. Raguwa ko raunin kwakwalwa na iya faruwa. Sanya kayan kariya (kamar kwalkwali) yayin aiki ko wasa na iya taimakawa wajen kare kwakwalwarka daga irin waɗannan raunuka.

Shin medulla tana sarrafa fushi da ɗabi'ar tashin hankali?

A'a, medulla ɗinka ba ya sarrafa motsin rai kamar fushi, fushi, da ɗabi'ar tashin hankali. Waɗannan motsin rai sun dogara ne akan wasu ɓangarori biyu na kwakwalwarka, musamman tsarin limbic. Aikin medulla kawai a cikin tashin hankali shine sarrafa bugun zuciyarka, numfashi, da sauran hanyoyin aiki na atomatik.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Don haka, wataƙila kun fahimci yanzu cewa Medulla Oblongata wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na jikinmu, komai ƙanƙantarsa. Yana aiki kamar tashar watsawa, yana taimakawa wajen isar da saƙonnin jijiyoyi zuwa sassa daban-daban na jiki. Ba tare da shi ba, ba za ku iya yin wani abu mai sauƙi kamar faɗin sunanku ba, ko kuma mai rikitarwa kamar kamawa da jefa ƙwallo.

Sanin medulla oblongata zai iya taimaka maka ka fahimci jikinka sosai. Haka kuma zai taimaka maka ka kula da lafiyar kwakwalwarka da tsarin jijiyoyi. Koyaushe ka yi ƙoƙarin kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya!

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Medulla oblongata, tushen kwakwalwa, tsarin juyayi, numfashi, bugun zuciya, jijiyoyin kwakwalwa, bugun jini