Menene waɗannan lipoproteins a cikin jininka? Bari mu gano cikakkun bayanai!

Shin kun taɓa jin kalmar "lipoproteins"? Likitan ku ya yi amfani da wannan kalmar lokacin da yake magana game da cholesterol . Menene ainihin waɗannan? Yaya suke da muhimmanci ga jikinmu? Kada ku damu, za mu yi magana game da wannan a yau, ta hanyar da za ku iya fahimta.

Menene lipoproteins?

A taƙaice dai, lipoproteins ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu kama da ƙwallon da aka yi da kitse (lipids) da furotin. Suna ratsa jinin jikinka, suna ɗaukar abubuwa zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinka. Suna kama da sabis na jigilar kaya. Cholesterol da triglycerides sune manyan nau'ikan kitse guda biyu da ake samu a cikin waɗannan lipoproteins.

Ana samar da nau'ikan lipoproteins daban-daban a jikinmu. Idan matakan wasu daga cikin waɗannan lipoproteins suka ƙaru, suna iya zama illa ga zuciyarmu. Duk da haka, akwai wasu lipoproteins da ke kare zuciya, wato, suna da amfani. Don haka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a san game da waɗannan.

Menene cholesterol da triglycerides?

Dukansu kitse ne mai kakin zuma da ake samu a cikin jininmu , amma yadda jikinmu yake yin su da kuma yadda yake amfani da su ya ɗan bambanta .

• Cholesterol: Hanta ce ke samar da cholesterol. Bugu da ƙari, muna samun cholesterol daga abincin da muke ci, musamman kitsen dabbobi, kamar nama da kayayyakin kiwo. Wannan cholesterol yana taimaka wa jiki wajen samar da bitamin D da hormones kamar estrogen, testosterone, da cortisol. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don samar da ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi.

• Triglycerides: Hanta da hanjin cikinka ne ke yin waɗannan. Idan ka ci mai da kalori mai yawa, jikinka yana samar da ƙarin triglycerides. Ana adana ƙarin triglycerides a cikin ƙwayoyin kitse na jikinka. Daga baya, idan jikinka yana buƙatar kuzari, waɗannan triglycerides da aka adana za su fito cikin jini.

Menene manyan nau'ikan lipoproteins?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan lipoproteins guda biyar. Bari mu dubi menene su.

• HDL (Mai yawan lipoprotein): Wannan ana kiransa " mai kyau cholesterol ." HDL yana ɗaukar cholesterol da ba a so daga sassa daban-daban na jiki zuwa hanta. Bayan hanta ta cire shi daga jiki, ana fitar da shi. Idan matakan HDL ɗinku suna da yawa, kuna da ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Shi ya sa ake kiransa da kyakkyawan cholesterol.

• LDL (Ƙarancin yawan lipoprotein): Ana kiran wannan " mummunan cholesterol ." Idan ya ƙaru, ba shi da kyau ga zuciya. Idan matakan LDL suka ƙaru, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, bugun zuciya, da bugun jini yana ƙaruwa. LDL yana ɗauke da cholesterol kuma yana ajiye shi a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Wannan cholesterol yana adanawa kuma yana samar da wani fim (plaque) a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Wannan ana kiransa atherosclerosis . Sannan jijiyoyin jini suna ƙunci kuma kwararar jini yana toshewa.

• VLDL (ƙananan lipoproteins masu yawa): Wannan wani nau'in kuma yana cikin rukunin "mummunan cholesterol". VLDL galibi yana ɗauke da triglycerides - kuma har zuwa wani lokaci cholesterol - zuwa kyallen jikinka.

• IDL (Matsakaicin yawan lipoproteins ): Ana samun waɗannan ne lokacin da aka cire VLDL daga kitsen da ke cikinsa. Sannan ko dai hanta ta cire waɗannan IDL ko kuma ta mayar da su LDL.

• Chylomicrons: Waɗannan su ne manyan ƙwayoyin lipoprotein. Suna kuma jigilar triglycerides.

Menene lipoprotein (a) ko LP (a)?

Lipoprotein (a) ko LP(a) wani nau'in LDL ne na musamman, wato "mummunan cholesterol" da muka yi magana a kai a baya. Abin da ya fi muhimmanci game da wannan shi ne cewa wani furotin da ake kira apolipoprotein (apo(a)) yana naɗe a jikin wannan ƙwayar LDL. Wannan furotin na apo(a) yana sa ƙwayoyin LDL su "manne." Sakamakon haka, wannan LP(a) yana cikin sauƙin sakawa a cikin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Matakan LP(a) masu yawa suna haifar da atherosclerosis.

Ko da yake za mu iya canza matakan HDL da LDL ɗinmu ta hanyar abubuwa kamar abinci da salon rayuwa , matakin LP(a) ɗinka yana dogara ne akan kwayoyin halittarka. Wasu mutane suna da canje-canje/maye gurɓataccen yanayi wanda zai iya sa matakan LP(a) ɗinsu su ƙaru. Irin waɗannan mutanen suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya tun suna ƙanana.

Menene Gwajin Jini na Lipid Panel?

Likitoci suna amfani da wannan gwajin jini na lipid panel don auna jimlar cholesterol a cikin jinin ku. Wannan gwajin kuma zai iya auna HDL, LDL, triglycerides, da jimlar cholesterol daban-daban.

Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi. Yana ɗaukar ƙasa da mintuna biyar don ɗaukar ƙaramin jini. Za ku iya yin sa a ofishin likitan ku, a dakin gwaje-gwajen jini, ko a asibiti. Amma mafi mahimmanci shine kuna buƙatar yin azumi na kimanin awanni 8 zuwa 12 kafin gwajin.Wannan yana nufin rashin cin abinci ko shan komai. Haka kuma ana iya tambayarka ka daina shan wasu magunguna na ɗan lokaci. Don haka, ya kamata ka bi umarnin likitanka daidai.

Yadda ake duba LP(a)?

Ba kowa ne ke gwada matakin LP(a) ba. Likitanka zai duba matakin LP(a) ɗinka ne kawai tare da gwajin bayanin martabar lipid ɗinka idan ka buƙata ta musamman.

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin wannan gwajin ne kawai ga mutanen da suka riga suka kamu da cutar zuciya. Wannan yana nufin:

• Idan ka taɓa samun wata matsala a zuciya a baya.
• Idan wani a cikin iyalinka, musamman ma wasu 'yan uwa na farko, ya taɓa samun ciwon zuciya tun yana ƙarami.
• Idan matakin LDL ɗinka ya yi yawa sosai, yi gwajin jini.
• Idan kana da abubuwan da ke haifar da hypercholesterolemia na iyali , wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da yawan LDL.

Menene manufar gwajin bayanin martaba na lipid?

Yawan cholesterol sau da yawa ba ya haifar da wata alama, shi ya sa yin wannan gwajin shine hanya mafi kyau don gano matsalolin cholesterol da ke shafar zuciyarka da jijiyoyin jini.

Likitoci suna amfani da wannan gwajin lipid don abubuwa kamar:

• Dubawa: Ana iya yin waɗannan a matsayin wani ɓangare na duba lafiyar jiki na yau da kullun na shekara-shekara. Suna iya taimaka maka gano ko kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Da zarar ka san kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar, za ka iya ɗaukar matakai don hana matsaloli kamar bugun zuciya da shanyewar jiki.
• Ganewar Cututtuka: Wannan gwajin cholesterol kuma yana taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka kamar atherosclerosis.
• Kulawa: Waɗannan sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na iya taimaka maka ka ga ko matakan cholesterol ɗinka suna ƙara ta'azzara, suna buƙatar magani, ko kuma suna amsawa da kyau ga magani.

Sau nawa ya kamata a yi gwajin lipoprotein?

Haɗarin yawan sinadarin lipoprotein da jimillar matakan cholesterol yana ƙaruwa da shekaru. Yayin da haɗarin ke ƙaruwa, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar a ƙara yin gwaji akai-akai.

Ga shawarwari na gaba ɗaya don gwajin lipid:

• Ga maza sama da shekaru 35 da mata sama da shekaru 45.
• Ga maza masu shekaru 20-35 da kuma mata masu shekaru 20-45, idan akwai babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar atherosclerosis.
• Ga yara, ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da ɗaya tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11, da kuma ɗaya tsakanin shekaru 17 zuwa 21.

Menene ma'aunin yau da kullun na lipoproteins?

Dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna auna cholesterol da lipoproteins a cikin milligrams a kowace deciliter (mg/dL).Amma hanyoyin da kowanne dakin gwaje-gwaje ke amfani da su na iya bambanta. Wannan yana nufin cewa sakamakon samfurin jini ɗaya na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ya fi kyau a yi amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya don sa ido kan matakan jininka duk lokacin da zai yiwu.

Matsakaicin lafiya na HDL, LDL, triglycerides, da jimlar cholesterol ya bambanta dangane da shekaru da jinsi. Yi magana da likitanka game da matakan lafiya da suka dace da kai. Gabaɗaya, idan ba ka da wasu abubuwan haɗari, ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙimar a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin kewayon lafiya:

• Jimlar cholesterol: 100-199 mg/dL ga waɗanda suka haura shekaru 21; 75-169 mg/dL ga waɗanda suka haura shekaru 20 zuwa ƙasa.
• HDL (kyakkyawan cholesterol): 45 mg/dL ko sama da haka.
• LDL (mummunan cholesterol): ƙasa da 100 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides: Kasa da 150 mg/dL.

Tsarin lipid ba zai iya auna matakan VLDL kai tsaye ba, kuma babu wani gwaji na musamman a kansa. Madadin haka, dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna kimanta matakan VLDL ɗinku ta hanyar raba triglycerides ɗinku da biyar. Matsakaicin VLDL mai lafiya yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 30 mg/dL. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar ba koyaushe take daidai ba idan triglycerides ɗinku suna da yawa sosai.

Menene ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da shi don lipoprotein (a) ko LP (a)?

Dakunan gwaje-gwaje sun ba da rahoton matakan LP(a) a cikin mg/dL ko nanomoles a kowace lita (nmol/L) . Ana ɗaukar matakin da ya wuce 50 mg/dL ko 75 nmol/L a matsayin mai girma, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya, da bugun jini.

Mene ne abubuwan da ke haifar da yawan mummunan cholesterol (LDL)?

Matan da suka yi rashin haihuwa da kuma manya sama da shekaru 40 suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da yawan sinadarin LDL. Amma har ma yara na iya fuskantar matsalolin cholesterol. Yayin da kake tsufa, metabolism na metabolism ɗinka yana raguwa, kuma hantarka ba ta iya cire mummunan cholesterol daga jikinka ba.

Kabila da ƙabila suma suna taka rawa. 'Yan Asiya Amurkawa sun fi samun ƙaruwar matakan LDL, yayin da fararen fata suka fi samun ƙaruwar matakan cholesterol.

Ƙarin abubuwan haɗari waɗanda zasu iya ƙara matakan LDL sun haɗa da:

• Abincin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin kalori mai yawa, kitse mai yawa, da kuma cholesterol.
• Yanayi kamar ciwon suga da ciwon koda .
• Tarihin iyali na yawan cholesterol.
• Shan barasa mai yawa da shan taba.
• Magunguna kamar corticosteroids da magunguna don hawan jini, HIV , da AIDS .
• Kiba mai yawa ( kiba mai yawa ).

Yaya ake magance yawan matakan LDL?

Mutane da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, da sauran matsaloli saboda yawan matakan LDL galibi ana rubuta musu statins, ezetimibe, da PCSK9 inhibitors.Ana buƙatar magungunan rage kitse a cikin jini, kamar su statins. Haka kuma za ku iya yin canje-canje a abinci da salon rayuwa don inganta matakan cholesterol ɗinku.

Me za ku iya yi don inganta matakan lipoprotein?

Canje-canje a cikin abinci da salon rayuwa na iya taimakawa wajen rage mummunan cholesterol (LDL) da kuma ƙara kyakkyawan cholesterol (HDL). Waɗannan matakan za su iya taimaka muku:

• Ka kasance mai motsa jiki na akalla mintuna 150 a mako (wato akalla mintuna 30 a rana). Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar tafiya, gudu, ko hawa keke.
• Ku ci abinci mai kyau ga zuciya. Wannan yana nufin cin abinci mai ƙarancin kitse mara kyau da carbohydrates masu sauƙi da kuma mai yawan fiber. Ku haɗa abinci kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, wake, goro, da kifi a cikin abincinku.
• Cututtuka kamar hawan jini da ciwon suga.
• Barci mai kyau. Kana buƙatar yin barci na tsawon sa'o'i 7-8 a rana.
• Kiyaye nauyin da ya dace. Idan kina da kiba, rage ko da kashi 5% zuwa 10% na nauyin jikinki zai iya yin tasiri mai kyau ga matakan cholesterol dinki.
• Nemo hanyoyi masu kyau don magance damuwa. Abubuwa kamar yoga da tunani zasu iya taimakawa.
• Rage shan barasa.
• Nemi taimako don daina shan taba. Nikotin yana ƙara matakan LDL kuma yana rage matakan HDL.

Ka tuna, ya fi kyau ka yi magana da likitanka kafin ka yi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan. Sannan za ka iya yin waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar da ta dace da kai.

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida

Kamar yadda muka gani, lipoproteins suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikinmu. HDL, ko "kyakkyawan cholesterol," yana taimakawa wajen cire LDL, ko "mummunan cholesterol," daga jijiyoyin jini. Abubuwa kamar abin da kuke ci, yawan motsa jiki, da ko shan taba duk na iya shafar matakan lipoprotein ɗinku.

Wasu mutane na iya samun yawan sinadarin lipoprotein mai "mannewa" wanda ake kira lipoprotein (a) ko LP(a) saboda abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta. Wannan na iya taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini kuma yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.

Amma labari mai daɗi shine yana yiwuwa a rage matakan LDL da LP(a) da kuma ƙara matakan HDL tare da canje-canjen salon rayuwa, kuma idan ya cancanta, magunguna kamar statins. Don haka, ku kula da matakan cholesterol ɗinku, ku yi gwajin lafiya akai-akai, kuma ku yi ƙoƙarin rayuwa mai kyau. Zuciyarku za ta gode muku!

Lipoproteins , cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, cututtukan zuciya, gwaje-gwajen jini, bayanin martabar lipid, mummunan cholesterol, kyakkyawan cholesterol