Bari mu koyi game da Subclavian Artery, ɗaya daga cikin manyan jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ɗauke da jini zuwa kafadu, wuya, da kai!

Sannu! Shin kun taɓa mamakin yadda hannayenku, wuyanku, da wasu sassan kanku ke samun jini? Jikinmu yana da tsarin jijiyoyin jini mai ban mamaki. A yau za mu yi magana game da ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci, amma wataƙila ba a taɓa magana a kai ba, sassan wannan tsarin. Wannan shine jijiyar subclavian .

Menene jijiyar subclavian? Me yake yi?

A taƙaice dai, jijiyoyin jini na subclavian ɗinku manyan jijiyoyin jini ne guda biyu da ke ɗauke da jini mai yawan iskar oxygen daga zuciyarku zuwa saman jikinku, gami da hannuwanku, wuyanku, da kanku. Ku yi tunanin su kamar manyan bututu guda biyu da ke ɗauke da ruwa daga tankin ruwa zuwa gidanku. Suna ƙarƙashin ƙasusuwan wuyanku (wanda ake kira clavicles ɗinku), ɗaya a kowane gefe. Akwai biyu a gefen dama da biyu a gefen hagu.

Don haka, babban aikin wannan jijiyar ƙasa ita ce isar da jinin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen daga zuciya zuwa kai, wuyanka, da hannuwanka. Aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, ko ba haka ba?

Za mu iya fahimtar aikinsa ta hanyar raba wannan jijiyoyin jini zuwa sassa uku:

• Kashi na farko yana aika jini zuwa sassan ƙirjinka, glandar thyroid , da kuma Circle of Willis, babban tsarin da ke samar da jini ga kwakwalwa.
• Kashi na biyu yana zuwa ga sassan wuyanka da ake kira gaɓoɓin costocervical .
• Kashi na uku , wanda shine ɓangaren da ke nesa da inda wannan jijiyar jini ta fara, yana isar da jini ga hannuwanku. Wannan yana nufin jini yana zuwa ga komai daga biceps ɗinku, tsokoki na triceps, tsokoki na kafada, tsokoki na gaba, da sauransu.

Ina ainihin jijiyar subclavian take?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, waɗannan jijiyoyin jini guda biyu suna ƙarƙashin ƙasusuwan wuyanka ('clavicles'). Duk da haka, jijiyoyin subclavian na hagu da jijiyoyin subclavian na dama suna farawa kaɗan daban-daban.

• Jijiya ta gefen dama ta gefen dama tana farawa da jijiyoyin jini da ake kira jijiyoyin brachiocephalic .
• Jijiyar ƙasa ta hagu da ke gefen hagu tana farawa kai tsaye daga baka na babban aorta ɗinka, wato baka ta aorta .

Waɗannan jijiyoyin jini guda biyu suna fita daga tsakiyar jikinka, ta cikin tsokoki guda biyu a wuyanka da ake kira "tsokokin gaba da na tsakiya". Suna miƙewa zuwa haƙarƙarinka na farko, daga nan kuma sai su zama "jijiyoyin axillary", waɗanda su ne jijiyoyin jini da ke tafiya kai tsaye zuwa hannunka.

Waɗannan jijiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin clavian suna yin rassan zuwa ƙananan rassan. Suna da matuƙar muhimmanci:

• Jijiyoyin ƙashin baya: Waɗannan suna ba da jini ga sassan kwakwalwarka da kuma tushen kwakwalwa . Waɗannan jijiyoyin jini yawanci suna tsakanin milimita 3 zuwa 5 a diamita.
• Jijiyoyin ciki na thoracic: Waɗannan suna ba da jini ga pericardium , ƙashin ƙirji, diaphragm , bangon ƙirji, da wasu sassan bangon ciki. Waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini ne masu diamita kimanin milimita 2. Likitoci wani lokacin suna amfani da jijiyar ciki ta hagu don yin dashen jijiyoyin zuciya .
• Jijiyoyin ƙashin baya na dorsal: Waɗannan suna samar da jini ga tsokoki na saman bayanka kuma suna tallafawa hannuwanka da kafadu.
• Gaɓar mahaifar Thyrocervical: Wannan yana ratsa gefunan wuyanka kuma yana isar da jini zuwa wuyanka da kafadu.
• Gashin jikin mutum: Wannan kuma yana gefen wuyansa kuma yana aika jini zuwa hannuwanka, wuyanka, da kai.

Yaya girman wannan jijiyar ƙasa take? Me aka yi ta da shi?

Diamita na jijiyar subclavian ɗinku, ko faɗin giciyensa, yana tsakanin santimita 0.7 zuwa 1.0 (ƙasa da rabin inci). Ƙarami ne, amma yana aiki sosai, ko ba haka ba?

Kamar sauran jijiyoyin jini, jijiyar ku ta ƙasa tana da manyan layuka uku.

1. Layin ciki (Tunica Intima): Wannan ya ƙunshi sirara mai laushi na ƙwayoyin halitta. Yana taimakawa jini ya gudana cikin sauƙi.

2. Layin tsakiya (Tunica Media): Wannan shine layin tsoka. Wannan shine abin da ke bawa jijiyoyin jini damar yin ƙunci da faɗaɗawa. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa hawan jini.

3. Layin waje (Tunica Adventitia): Wannan kuma wani abu ne mai ƙarfi da aka yi da ƙwayoyin halitta masu siriri da sassauƙa. Yana ba da kariya ga jijiyoyin jini.

Wadanne cututtuka ne ake yawan samu da za su iya shafar jijiyoyin subclavian?

Abin baƙin ciki, har ma da jijiyar ƙasa mai zurfi, wadda ke yin irin wannan muhimmin aiki, na iya haifar da wasu cututtuka. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin manyan:

• Ciwon Atherosclerosis: Mutane da yawa sun ji labarin wannan. A taƙaice dai, yanayi ne da kitse da cholesterol ke taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin jini (muna kiransa 'plaque' ) sannan su toshe jijiyoyin jini. Yana kama da tsatsa da ke toshe bututun ruwa. Idan wannan ya faru a cikin jijiyoyin jini na subclavian, yana toshe kwararar jini.
• Ciwon Maƙogwaro na Thoracic: A cikin wannan yanayin, jijiyar subclavian ta yi ƙunci ( stenosis) saboda matsin lamba daga ƙashi, tsoka, ko wasu kyallen jiki da ke kewaye.) don canzawa. Sannan adadin jinin da ke zuwa hannuwa na iya raguwa.
• Ciwon jijiyoyin Takayasu: Wannan wani nau'in ciwon jijiyoyin jini ne. Yana haifar da kumburi, ko kumburi, na jijiyar subclavian, wanda zai iya rage yawan iskar oxygen da ke isa kai, wuya, ko hannuwa.
• Ciwon Steal na Subclavian: Wannan kuma sau da yawa yana faruwa ne sakamakon atherosclerosis . Abin da ke faruwa a nan shi ne cewa jijiyar subclavian ta yi ƙunci ( stenosis ), kuma wani jinin da ya kamata ya tafi kwakwalwa yana "sata" daga hannu. Shi ya sa ake kiransa "sata."

Mene ne alamun matsalar jijiyar ƙasa? Ta yaya aka sani?

Idan akwai matsala da jijiyar subclavian, alamun na iya bambanta dangane da cutar da ke shafar ta. Duk da haka, akwai wasu alamu da ake iya gani akai-akai:

• Hawan jini a hannu ɗaya yana ƙasa sosai fiye da na ɗayan hannun.
• Canjin launin hannu ko yatsu (kamar canza launin shuɗi ko fari).
• Jin kasala, zafi, rauni , ko kuma kawai jin wani abu a hannu.
• Kumburin hannu.
• Hannuwa ba za su iya jure sanyi ba .
• Jin jiri .
• Wani lokaci zazzaɓi na iya faruwa (musamman a cikin yanayi mai kumburi kamar Takayasu's arteritis).
• Suma (musamman a cikin yanayi kamar 'Subclavian Steal Syndrome').

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba lafiyar jijiyar subclavian?

Idan kana da irin waɗannan alamu, idan ka ga likita, wataƙila zai yi wasu gwaje-gwaje.

• Da farko, muna auna hawan jini a hannuwa biyu . Za mu iya gani ko akwai babban bambanci.
• Duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin jini : Wannan gwaji ne mai sauƙi, ba tare da ciwo ba wanda zai iya duba yadda jini ke gudana ta hanyoyin jini da kuma ko akwai toshewar jijiyoyin jini.
• Hoton X-ray na ƙirji .
• CT scan .
• Gwajin MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) .
• Hanyar Addison : Wannan gwaji ne don duba ko akwai ciwon Thoracic Outlet Syndrome . Tsokar scalene a wuyanka tana miƙewa kuma ana duba bugun radial a hannunka don ganin ko akwai raguwa.
• AngiogramGwaji: Wannan hanya ce da ba kasafai ake yi ba. Ana allurar wani abu na musamman a cikin jijiyoyin jini sannan a ɗauki hoton X-ray.

Menene hanyoyin magance matsalolin jijiyoyin subclavian?

Labari mai daɗi shine idan jijiyar subclavian ta yi ƙunci ko toshewa, akwai magunguna don dawo da ita yadda take. Likitoci suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don sake buɗe wannan jijiyar jini. Maganin ya bambanta dangane da yanayin.

Ciwon jijiyoyin subclavian (wanda "atherosclerosis" ke haifarwa)

• Aspirin da magungunan rage cholesterol .
• Angioplasty : Wannan ya ƙunshi saka ƙaramin balan-balan a cikin jijiyar sannan a hura ta a wurin da toshewar ta faru, a cire plaque ɗin da ya taru a bangon jijiyar. Sannan za a iya sanya stent , ƙaramin tsari mai kama da raga, a yankin don hana toshewar sake faruwa.
• Tiyatar wucewa hanya ce ta tiyata wadda ke ƙirƙirar sabuwar hanya don jini ya gudana a kusa da toshewar.

Ciwon Magani na Thoracic

• Maganin motsa jiki : Wannan yana nufin yin abubuwa kamar motsa jiki don ƙoƙarin rage matsin lamba.
• Magungunan hana kumburi marasa steroidal (NSAIDs) : Rage zafi da kumburi.
• Magungunan Thrombolytics ko "magungunan da ke kawar da gudan jini".
• Magungunan hana zubar jini : Magungunan da ake bayarwa don hana zubar jini.
• Ana yin tiyata don kawar da dalilin toshewar jijiyoyin jini.

Ciwon jijiyar Takayasu

• Corticosteroids : Rage kumburi.
• Magungunan rage garkuwar jiki .
• Buɗe jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar tiyata ko angioplasty .

Ciwon Satar Subclavian

• Maganin hana platelet : Dakatar da platelets na jini daga taruwa wuri ɗaya su samar da ɗigon jini.
• Maganin hana zubar jini : Yana hana toshewar jini.
• Tiyatar wucewa ko angioplasty .

Wadanne abubuwa ne masu sauƙi za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar jijiyar subclavian?

Kamar yadda kake kula da zuciyarka da kuma dukkan tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, haka nan ya kamata ka kula da jijiyoyin jini na subclavian. Bin waɗannan shawarwari zai taimaka maka sosai:

• Ka kula da hawan jininka da matakan cholesterol . Waɗannan su ne manyan maƙiya guda biyu da ke lalata jijiyoyin jini.
• A guji amfani da kayayyakin taba gaba ɗaya. Shan taba yana da matuƙar illa ga jijiyoyin jini.
• Yi motsa jiki akai-akai . Tafiya na akalla mintuna 30 a rana ma yana da kyau sosai.
• Kiba kuma tana ƙara matsin lamba ga jijiyoyin jini.

Don haka, abu na ƙarshe da za a tuna shine...

Jijiyoyin jikinka na subclavian wani muhimmin bangare ne na jikinka na sama, wanda ke samar da isasshen jini don kiyaye lafiyarka. Kamar yadda itace ke buƙatar ruwa, hannayenmu, wuyanmu, da kanmu suna buƙatar jini da ke gudana ta cikin wannan jijiyoyin jini.

Cin abinci mai kyau da motsa jiki akai-akai zai iya taimakawa ba kawai don kiyaye jijiyoyin jikinka na subclavian ba, har ma da duk sauran jijiyoyin jikinka. Duba lafiyarka akai-akai tare da likitanka zai iya taimakawa wajen gano duk wata matsala da tsarin jijiyoyin jini da wuri. Idan kwatsam ka gano cewa ɗaya daga cikin jijiyoyin jininka ya yi ƙunci, kada ka firgita. Magungunan zamani suna da magungunan da ake buƙata don magance ta. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a ga likita ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba idan ka fuskanci alamun.