Shin da gaske ka san wannan "abu mai launin toka" a cikin kwakwalwarka? Bari mu yi magana a kai!

Duk muna da sha'awar kwakwalwarmu, ko ba haka ba? Idan muka yi magana game da kwakwalwa, akwai sassa daban-daban, da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban da take aiki. A yau za mu yi magana game da wani nama na musamman a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke taimaka mana mu yi abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci, kamar yin ayyukanmu na yau da kullun, tunani, tunawa, da kuma sarrafa motsin zuciyarmu. Wannan ana kiransa 'Mai Laushi.' Wataƙila kun ji wannan sunan daga likita ko wani wuri. Don haka, bari mu ga menene?

Menene wannan 'Abin Toka Mai Laushi'?

A taƙaice dai, 'Gray Matter' wani nau'in nama ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin kwakwalwarka da kuma kashin baya - wato 'Tsarin Jijiyoyin Tsakiya' . Shi ne abin da ke taimaka maka wajen gudanar da ayyukanka na yau da kullum. Shin ka san abin da ke cikinsa? Ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na 'jikunan jijiyoyi', 'tashoshin axon', ƙarshen ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, da kuma 'dendrites'.

Yanzu wataƙila kana mamakin menene ƙwayar jijiya ('neuron'). Ka yi tunanin hakan ta wannan hanyar, ƙwayar jijiya tana kama da ƙaramin manzo. Tana da manyan sassa uku:

• Babban 'jikin jijiyoyi' . A ciki akwai 'nucleus'. Kamar cibiyar kula da jikinmu, wannan kwayar halitta tana sarrafa dukkan ayyukan kwayar halitta kuma tana adana bayanan kwayoyin halitta na kwayar halitta.
• Axon wani tsari ne mai tsayi, siriri, mai rassan itace wanda ke ɗauke da siginar lantarki. Kamar wayar tarho ce da ke ɗauke da saƙonni.
• Akwai 'dendrites' da yawa, kamar rassan da ke karɓar sigina daga wasu ƙwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan su ne abin da ke tattara bayanai daga wasu ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ke kusa, kamar yin magana da mutanen da ke makwabtaka da mu.

Don haka, wannan 'abu mai launin toka' ya sami sunansa saboda yana da adadi mai yawa na jikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi kamar wannan. Haka kuma, yana da ɗan launin toka.

Ta yaya 'Gray Matter' ke tasowa?

Wannan 'Tsarin Toka' yana fara girma tun yana ƙarami. Wato, lokacin da jaririn yake cikin mahaifar uwa, yana fara girma a lokacin 'ci gaban tayi '. Sannan, lokacin da aka haifi jaririn, adadin wannan 'Tsarin Toka' yana ƙaruwa har zuwa kimanin shekaru 8. Bai tsaya a nan kawai ba, har sai da ya kai kimanin shekaru 20, yawan wannan 'Tsarin Toka', wato, adadin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da juna, yana ƙaruwa. Wannan ƙaruwar yawan shine abin da ke ba mu damar sarrafa bayanai cikin sauri ('sarrafawa sosai') da kuma ci gaba da haɓaka tunani.

Amma ga wani abu mai matuƙar muhimmanci da za a tuna. Jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ba sa sake farfaɗowa ko gyara kansu. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan jijiyoyi suka lalace ko suka mutu, ba za a ƙirƙiri wani sabo don maye gurbinsa ba. Shi ya sa yake da matuƙar muhimmanci mu kula da kwakwalwarmu.

Ta yaya 'Launin Toka' na kwakwalwar ɗan adam ya ke da muhimmanci?

Yanzu duba, tsarin jijiyoyin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar beraye da dolphins, sun yi kama da namu. Duk da haka, akwai manyan bambance-bambancen tsari a cikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam. Kun ga hotunan kwakwalwa mai yawan wrinkles, ko ba haka ba? A cikin waɗannan wrinkles, ana kiran wuraren da suka nutse "sulci" kuma yankunan da suka "bugun" ana kiransu "gyri." Waɗannan siririn yadudduka da ake kira "sulci" da "gyri" sune inda ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ke saman kwakwalwa. Wannan shine abin da muke kira "launin toka."

Ka yi tunanin haka, kamar naɗe takarda ne don sanya abubuwa da yawa a cikin ƙaramin sarari. Ta haka ne za mu iya sanya babban kwakwalwa a cikin ƙaramin kai, kuma hakan yana ba mu damar adana "Matsayin Toka" da yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mutane ke da "Matsayin Toka" fiye da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Misali, kwakwalwar ɗan adam tana da kusan sau 1000 na "Matsayin Toka" a saman kwakwalwar linzamin kwamfuta! Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne?

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin 'Matter Grey' da 'Farin Matter'?

Wataƙila ka taɓa jin labarin 'Farin Matter'. Dukansu, 'Farin Matter' da 'Farin Matter', muhimman sassan kwakwalwarka da kashin baya ne. Kimanin kashi 40% na kwakwalwarka an yi ta ne da 'Farin Matter', yayin da sauran kashi 60% kuma an yi ta ne da 'Farin Matter'.

• Toka-toka ta ƙunshi jikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da kuma dendrites ɗinsu. Waɗannan dendrites ƙananan sifofi ne masu kama da yatsu waɗanda ke sadarwa da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ke kusa.
• A gefe guda kuma, 'Farin Matter' ya ƙunshi dogayen 'axons' na ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Waɗannan su ne abin da ke ɗauke da saƙonni zuwa wurare masu nisa na kwakwalwa da kashin baya.

Akwai kuma bambanci a yadda yake aiki:

Domin kuwa 'Ma'aunin Toka' ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na jikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi (inda ƙwayar halitta take), sarrafa bayanai yana faruwa a nan. Ikon tunani da tunani na musamman na ɗan adam ya samo asali ne daga wannan 'Ma'aunin Toka'. Wato, duk abin da muke ji, gani, tunani, motsawa, koyo, magana, da fahimta yana faruwa ne a cikin 'Ma'aunin Toka'.

Aikin "Farin Matter" shine samar da sadarwa tsakanin wurare daban-daban na "Fray Matter", da kuma tsakanin "Fray Matter" da sauran sassan jiki. Kamar hanyoyin da ke ɗauke da saƙonni.

Bambancin launi:

'Toka Matter' yana samun launin toka ne saboda yawan jikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. 'Farin Matter' yana samun launin fari ne daga murfin kariya da ake kira 'myelin sheath' a kusa da 'axons'.

Me ke faruwa da 'Grey Matter'?

'Al'amarin Toka' da ke gudana a cikin tsarin jijiyoyinka na tsakiya yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa motsinka, kiyaye ƙwaƙwalwa, da kuma daidaita motsin rai . Sassan kwakwalwa daban-daban suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban. Don haka, 'Al'amarin Toka' yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkan ayyukan ɗan adam.

Ina ne 'Grey Matter' yake?

Ana samun launin toka a saman kwakwalwarka, da kuma a cikin sassan ciki na kwakwalwa da kashin baya.

Kwakwalwa:

Yankin da ke cikin kwakwalwa da zurfinsa yana ɗauke da sinadarin launin toka. Naɗewa da ɓacin rai a cikin kwakwalwa - waɗanda ake kira gyri da sulci - an yi su ne da sinadarin launin toka. Waɗannan tsarin suna ƙara girman saman kuma suna ba da damar samun ƙarin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, suna ba wa ɗan adam matakin aiki mafi girma na kwakwalwa fiye da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Grey Matter ya fi mai da hankali a cikin:

• Cerebellum : Wannan shine ɓangaren kwakwalwarka wanda ke sarrafa abubuwa kamar motsinka da daidaito. Abin mamaki, wannan ƙaramin cerebellum yana da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da yawa fiye da duk sauran sassan kwakwalwarka idan aka haɗa su!
• 'Cerebrum' : Wannan shine mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Yana da hannu a cikin abubuwa kamar tunani, yanke shawara, harshe, da ƙwaƙwalwa.
• 'Ƙwaƙwalwa' : Wannan yana haɗa kwakwalwa da kashin baya. Wannan ɓangaren yana sarrafa muhimman ayyuka kamar numfashi da bugun zuciya.

Igiyar Baya:

'Toka Matter' tsari ne mai kama da ƙaho wanda ke cikin kashin baya (farin abu yana nan a waje). A cikin kashin baya, an raba shi zuwa takamaiman sassa:

• Ginshiƙin launin toka na gaba : Wannan shine abin da ke aika sigina ga tsokoki kuma yana sarrafa motsi.
• 'Ginshiƙin launin toka na baya ': Nan ne muke samun ji daga jiki kamar taɓawa, zafi, da zafin jiki.
• 'Ginshiƙin launin toka na gefe ': Wannan yana da alaƙa da tsarin jijiyoyi na kai tsaye, wato, abubuwan da ba mu da iko da su da gangan (misali bugun zuciya, gumi).

Mene ne ke haifar da asarar/rashin kayan toka?

Idan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin 'Gray Matter' suka mutu, yana "ɓacewa" , ma'ana girmansa yana raguwa. Babban dalilin da yasa ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ke mutuwa shine saboda ba sa samun isasshen jini . Saboda waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suna aiki akai-akai, suna buƙatar iskar oxygen mai yawa (wanda ke fitowa daga jini) don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Idan aka yanke jinin ba zato ba tsammani, misali, a cikin "shanyewar jiki" ko "zubar da jini a kwakwalwa" , waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya mutuwa ko su lalace.

Kwayoyin jijiyoyi masu launin toka suna mutuwa a zahiri yayin da muke tsufa, amma su ne ƙwayoyin da suka fi daɗewa a jikinmu.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu yanayi da dama da ke da alaƙa da lalacewar abu mai launin toka:

• Cutar Alzheimer : Wannan yanayi ne da nau'ikan furotin guda biyu - furotin amyloid da furotin tau - ke taruwa a cikin kwakwalwa ba daidai ba. Wannan yana sa ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin launin toka su mutu.
• Cutar Parkinson : Wannan cuta tana faruwa ne sakamakon asarar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a ɓangaren kwakwalwa da ake kira substantia nigra, wanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin launin toka. Ita cuta ce da ke shafar motsi.
• Ciwon Sclerosis Mai Yawa (MS) : Mutane da yawa sun san MS a matsayin cuta mai lalata ƙwayoyin fata da ke shafar farin abu. Duk da haka, sabon bincike ya nuna cewa yana lalata launin toka, musamman launin toka da ke cikin kwakwalwa.
• Raunin Kwakwalwa Mai Rauni (TBI) : Mummunan buguwa a kai na iya haifar da lalacewa ga abin da ke da launin toka saboda zubar jini a cikin kwakwalwa . Wannan ma yana iya haifar da wani tsari da ake kira apoptosis (mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da aka tsara) .

Mene ne halayen da ake amfani da su wajen lalata 'Gray Matter'?

Yawanci, lalacewar launin toka na iya haifar da alamu kamar:

• Rashin tunawa : Wani lokaci kana mantawa da abubuwa, ko ba haka ba? Ƙananan abubuwa al'ada ce. Amma idan launin toka ya lalace, waɗannan mantuwa na iya ƙaruwa, har ma ba za ka iya tuna sabbin abubuwa ba.
• 'Rashin fahimta' : Wannan yana nufin matsaloli da harshe (wahalar neman kalmomi, wahalar fahimtar abin da ake faɗa), wahalar mai da hankali, wahalar tunani da yanke hukunci ta hanyar da ta dace, da kuma wahalar yanke shawara mai sarkakiya.
• Matsalolin Motsa Jiki : Yana iya zama da wahala a yi ayyukan da suka haɗa da ƙwarewar motsa jiki mai kyau (misali, maɓallan riga, rubutu, riƙe kofi).

Yadda ake duba lafiyar 'Gray Matter'?

Likitoci kan yi amfani da MRI (hoton maganadisu) don tantance lafiyar launin toka da farin abu. Wannan gwajin zai iya taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka kamar cutar Parkinson da kuma sclerosis mai yawa (MS).

Bugu da ƙari, wasu gwaje-gwajen da za su iya tantance lafiya da aikin abu mai launin toka sune:Su ne 'MRI mai aiki (fMRI)' da 'Positron emission tomography' (PET)' .

Za a iya magance lalacewar kayan toka?

Wannan abin takaici ne. Abin takaici, a halin yanzu babu wata hanyar magance ko dawo da lalacewar launin toka. Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, da zarar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suka mutu, ba sa sake farfaɗowa. Haka kuma, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ba sa rabuwa da ninkawa kamar sauran ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu.

Don haka, hanya ɗaya tilo da za a bi don magance matsalolin da suka shafi lalacewar ko asarar abu mai launin toka ita ce ta hanyar magance alamun.

Yadda ake kiyaye lafiyar 'Gray Matter'?

Amma, ba sai mun rasa bege ba! Duk da cewa ba za mu iya dakatar da asarar abu mai launin toka gaba ɗaya ba, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya yi don kiyaye wannan muhimmin ɓangare na kwakwalwarmu lafiya.

Ingancin jini da iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar 'Tsarin Toka'. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da abubuwan da ke haifar da "cutar cerebrovascular" . Ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi don yin hakan:

• Idan kana da hawan jini (hawan jini), ka kula da shi.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai .
• Iyakance amfani da barasa .
• Kula da lafiyayyen nauyi wanda ya dace da kai.
• Samun barci mai kyau.
• Rage yawan sukari da cholesterol a cikin jini .
• Ka guji shan taba , ko kuma ka daina idan kana shan taba.
• Ƙoƙarin rage damuwa .

Duk da cewa launin toka yana raguwa da shekaru, bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da shekarunsu suka kai 65 zuwa sama waɗanda ke motsa jiki akai-akai suna da yawan launin toka fiye da waɗanda ba sa motsa jiki. Wannan shaidar ta nuna cewa kasancewa cikin aiki a tsawon rayuwarka zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye launin toka lafiya da kuma taimaka maka ka rayu tsawon rai.

Haka kuma, koyon sabbin abubuwa da sabbin dabaru cikin tsawon makonni, ba kawai awanni kaɗan ba, na iya inganta lafiyar "Gray Matter" ɗinka. Kodayake irin wannan motsa hankali ba ya ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, yana iya ƙirƙirar sabbin haɗi tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ke akwai. Wannan ana kiransa "kwakwalwa mai laushi / neuroplasticity".

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

'Ma'aunin launin toka' shine muhimmin nama a cikin kwakwalwarka da kashin baya wanda ke ba ka damar mu'amala da duniyar da ke kewaye da kai. Ita ce tushen dukkan ayyukan kwakwalwa. Yanayi daban-daban na lafiya na iya shafar 'Ma'aunin launin toka' ɗinka. Duk da haka, a kullumZa ka iya taimakawa wajen kare lafiyar kwakwalwarka ta hanyar bin salon rayuwa mai kyau, kamar motsa jiki da kuma kula da nauyin da ya dace da kai.

Idan kai ko wani ƙaunatacce yana fuskantar alamun da kake ganin suna da alaƙa da matsalar kwakwalwa, don Allah ka nemi shawara daga likita. Wannan shine mafi kyawun abin da za ka iya yi.

` Kwakwalwa, Toka, Tsarin Jijiyoyi, Kwayoyin Jijiyoyi, Kashin Baya, Ƙwaƙwalwa, Tunani, Lafiyar Kwakwalwa, Farin Magani, Cututtukan Jijiyoyi