Shin ka taɓa ganin kalmar 'Flasts' lokacin da kake duba rahoton jininka? Abu ne na al'ada ka ji ɗan tsoro da son sani idan ka gan ta. Domin wannan kalmar da ba a saba gani ba tana magana da yawa game da lafiyarmu. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da menene waɗannan ƙwayoyin Blast, yadda suke da mahimmanci ga jikinmu, da kuma abin da ƙaruwar adadinsu ke nunawa. Kada ka damu, bari mu fahimci wannan a taƙaice.
Mene ne Blast Cells a cikin sauƙi?
A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin fashewa "ƙwayoyin jarirai" ne ko kuma ƙwayoyin da ba su kai ba. Kamar jariri. Waɗannan su ne ƙwayoyin da daga baya suka girma, wato, suka girma, suka zama nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban da jikinmu ke buƙata. Amma idan rahoton dakin gwaje-gwajenku ya ambaci "fashewa," wataƙila yana nufin ƙwayoyin jini marasa girma . Masana ilimin jini da likitan kansa suna duba adadin waɗannan ƙwayoyin fashewa a cikin jininku don yanke shawara game da cututtuka daban-daban da suka shafi jini.
Menene bambanci tsakanin Ƙwayoyin Tushe da Ƙwayoyin Busassu?
Wannan kuma wani abu ne da ke rikitar da mutane da yawa. Ka yi tunanin ƙwayoyin tushe a matsayin "ƙwayar asali" da ke fara komai. Kamar ƙurar yumbu ne. Za mu iya yin komai daga wannan ƙurar yumbu, kamar tukunya, kofi, ko wani abu. Haka ƙwayoyin tushe suke. Za su iya zama kowace irin ƙwayar halitta.
Kwayoyin fashewa sune mataki na gaba a cikin ci gaban waɗannan ƙwayoyin tushe. Yanzu mun fara yin tukunya daga wannan ƙulli na yumbu, kuma yana ɗaukar siffa. Yanzu ba za mu iya sake yin ta zuwa kofi ba. Don haka, ƙwayoyin fashewa sune ƙwayoyin da suka fara tafiya ta musamman. Wato, sun yanke shawarar zama ƙwayoyin jini ja, ƙwayoyin jini fari, ko platelet. Shi ya sa ake kiran ƙwayoyin fashewa "ƙwayoyin precursor."
Aikin ƙwayoyin fashewa a jikinmu da kuma inda aka samar da su
Kwayoyin fashewa mataki ne kawai a cikin tsarin samar da jini a jikinmu. Muna kiran wannan tsarin samar da jini 'Hematopoiesis'. Wannan galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin bargon ƙashinmu . Bargon ƙashi kamar masana'antar samar da jini ce ta jikinmu.
A cikin wannan masana'anta, babban ƙwayar halitta mai tushe da ake kira 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)' ya haifar da manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu:
- Myeloblast: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin fashewa daga baya suna girma su zama jajayen ƙwayoyin jini (waɗanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen), wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini na farin jini (granulocytes - waɗanda ke yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta), da kuma platelets (waɗanda ke taimaka wa jini ya guda).
- Lymphoblast: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin fashewa daga baya sun zama lymphocytes, wani muhimmin nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin fari (muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin garkuwar jiki).
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine waɗannan "ƙwayoyin jarirai," ko ƙwayoyin fashewa, suna buƙatar zama a cikin masana'antar da ake kira ƙashin ƙugu har sai sun girma sosai. Sai lokacin da suka girma kuma suka shirya yin aiki ne kawai suke shiga jinin. Don haka, idan wani rahoto ya ce akwai ƙwayoyin fashewa a cikin samfurin jinin ku, yana nufin cewa "ƙwayoyin jarirai" sun fito daga masana'anta. Wannan na iya zama alamar matsala.
Me ke haifar da ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin fashewa?
Ya kamata ƙwayoyin fashewa su zama ƙasa da kashi 5% na jimillar adadin ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙashin ƙashin mutum mai lafiya. Haka kuma, bai kamata a sami ƙwayoyin fashewa a cikin jinin mutum mai lafiya ba.
Idan kana da ƙaruwar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa a cikin ƙashin ƙashi ko jininka, hakan na iya zama alamar cutar kansar jini kamar cutar sankarar jini, musamman idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna kama da marasa kyau idan aka duba su a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa.
Za ku iya samun fahimtar wannan sosai daga teburin da ke ƙasa.
| Yanayi | Kashi na Ƙwayar Bugawa | Bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|---|
| Ciwon sankarar myeloid mai tsanani (AML) | Kashi 20% ko fiye a cikin bargo ko jini | Wannan ciwon daji ne da ke yaɗuwa cikin sauri. Kwayoyin fashewa marasa kyau (myeloblasts) suna cika ƙashin ƙashi kuma suna hana ƙwayoyin jini masu lafiya su samar. |
| Ciwon Myelodysplastic (MDS) | Tsakanin 5% zuwa 20% na bargon ƙashi | Wannan kuma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne na jini. Kwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa a cikin bargo ba tare da sun girma yadda ya kamata ba. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya kuma yana haifar da yanayi kamar rashin jini. |
| Ciwon sankarar myeloid na yau da kullun (CML) | Ya bambanta da mataki:
| Wannan ciwon daji ne da ke girma da sauri. Ana ƙayyade tsananin cutar ta hanyar kashi na fashewa. Duk wani abu da ya wuce kashi 20% yana da tsanani kamar AML. |
| Ciwon sankarar lymphoblastic mai tsanani (DUKA) | Kashi 20% ko fiye na bargon ƙashi | Wannan shine nau'in ciwon daji da ya fi yawa a cikin ƙananan yara. Kwayoyin fashewar da ba su dace ba (lymphoblasts) suna girma da yawa kuma suna ɗaukar sarari a cikin bargo. |
Shin ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa za su iya ninka ba tare da haifar da cutar kansa ba?
Eh, za ka iya. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta ba koyaushe yana nufin ciwon daji ba. Wasu cututtuka da jiyya waɗanda ba su shafi ciwon daji ba kuma suna iya sa ƙwayoyin cuta su shiga jini na ɗan lokaci.
- Mummunan Cututtuka: Lokacin da jiki ya kamu da mummunar cuta kamar 'Sepsis', jikinmu yana fara samar da ƙwayoyin jinin fari da yawa don yaƙar cutar. A wannan lokacin, wasu ƙwayoyin da ba su da ƙarfi suma suna iya shiga jinin daga bargon ƙashi.
- Maganin G-CSF: Idan ana yi wa masu fama da cutar kansa kamar chemotherapy, ƙwayoyin jinin fari suna raguwa. A wannan lokacin, ana yin allurar da ake kira 'Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)' don ƙarfafa samar da ƙwayoyin jinin fari. Wannan allurar kuma tana iya ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin da ke cikin jini na ɗan lokaci.
- Dashen ƙwayoyin halitta: Bayan dashen ƙwayoyin halitta na asali don wani yanayi, adadin ƙwayoyin halitta na iya ƙaruwa yayin aiwatar da sabbin jini.
Amma abu mafi mahimmanci shine waɗannan ƙwayoyin fashewa marasa ciwon daji galibi suna kama da lafiya a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Suna iya yin aikinsu lokacin da suka girma. A cikin ciwon daji, muna ganin ƙwayoyin fashewa marasa tsari, marasa tsari.
Ta yaya ake duba matakin ƙwayoyin fashewa?
Likitoci suna amfani da manyan gwaje-gwaje da dama don koyo game da ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa.
- Tabarmar Jini ta Gefe (PBS):Wannan ya ƙunshi shafa digon jininka a kan gilashin zamewa sannan ka duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Wannan yana ba ka damar fahimtar ko akwai ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jinin, yadda suke kama, da kuma yadda suke.
- Gwaje-gwajen ƙashi: Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau don samun cikakken bayani game da ƙwayoyin fashewa. Binciken ƙwayoyin cuta ko kuma gwajin busa ƙashi ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin allura daga babban ƙashi, kamar ƙashin ƙugu, da kuma ɗaukar samfurin ƙashin ƙugu. Sannan ana gwada shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance yawan ƙwayoyin fashewa da kuma ainihin yanayinsu.
- Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC): Wannan yana duba adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ku na ja, ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini, da kuma ƙwayoyin platelet. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin fashewar suka ƙaru, adadin waɗannan ƙwayoyin lafiya na iya raguwa.
Don haka kada ka firgita idan ka ga 'fashewa' a cikin rahotonka. Yana iya zama alamar wani abu mai tsanani, kuma wani lokacin yana iya zama yanayi na ɗan lokaci. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ka yi magana da likitanka game da shi kuma ka bi shawararsa. Zai tura ka zuwa ga ƙwararren likita na jini idan ya cancanta.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Kwayoyin halittar da ba su da kyau, ƙwayoyin jini "jarirai" ne. Ba a samun su a cikin jinin mutum mai lafiya.
- Yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa a cikin jini ko ƙashi (musamman fiye da 20%) na iya zama babban siffa ta ciwon daji na jini kamar cutar sankarar jini.
- Duk da haka, cututtuka masu tsanani da wasu jiyya na likita na iya ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin fashewa na ɗan lokaci.
- Idan ka ga kalmar 'busasshe' a cikin rahoton jininka, kada ka firgita ka nemi shawarar likitanka nan da nan don tattauna shi. Likita ne kawai zai iya ba da cikakken bayani game da cutar da kuma jagorarta.
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