Shin kana da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin jininka? Me gwajin immunophenotyping ke ganowa?

Shin likitanka ya duba Cikakken Kididdigar Blood Count (CBC) ya ce adadin farin jininka ya ɗan yi yawa ko kuma yana kama da ba daidai ba? Sannan ya yi magana game da gwaji mai suna mai ban mamaki mai suna 'Immunophenotyping'? Lokacin da ka ji wannan sunan, wataƙila ka ji ɗan tsoro, kana mamakin irin gwajin da wannan yake nufi. Abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da wannan gwajin da ake kira 'Immunophenotyping' ta hanya mai sauƙi, ta hanyar da za ka iya fahimta.

Mene ne immunophenotyping kawai?

A taƙaice dai, 'Immunophenotyping' gwaji ne na musamman da ake yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke duba ƙwayoyin halittar jikinmu, musamman fararen ƙwayoyin halittar jini, don ganin ko suna da cutar kansa ko a'a. Wannan yana da matuƙar amfani wajen gano cututtukan da suka shafi jini kamar su cutar sankarar jini da lymphoma.

A cikin wannan gwajin, likitan cututtuka, likita wanda ya ƙware a cikin kyallen takarda da ƙwayoyin halitta, yana neman takamaiman sunadaran da ake kira "antigens" a saman ƙwayoyin jinin ku. Kasancewar waɗannan "antigens", da nau'in "antigens" da ke akwai, na iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko ƙwayar da ake magana a kai tana da lafiya ko kuma tana da ciwon daji.

Idan muka kalli ma'anar kalmar 'Immunophenotyping', za mu iya ƙara bayanin wannan:

• Immuno: Wannan yana nufin wani abu da ya shafi tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. A cikin wannan gwajin, ana amfani da sunadaran da ake kira "Antigens" waɗanda na ambata a baya don gano wani nau'in furotin da ake kira "Antibodys" wanda shi ma yana cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Wannan kamar maɓalli ne da makulli. Kawai takamaiman maɓalli (Antibody) da aka yi masa ya dace da takamaiman makulli (Antigen).

• Nau'in Halitta: Wannan yana nufin halayen waje da ake iya gani na wani abu. Don haka lokacin da aka haɗa wannan maɓallin (Antibody) da makullin (Antigen), za mu iya ganinsa ta wata hanya. Lokacin da likitan cututtuka ya ga hakan, ya san cewa makullin da ya dace, wato, `(Antigen)` mai dacewa, yana kan wannan tantanin halitta.

Waɗannan "Antigens" (makullan) da ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa sun bambanta da waɗanda ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin lafiya. Don haka ta hanyar gano ainihin waɗannan nau'ikan "Antigens" (Antigens), wannan gwajin yana taimakawa wajen gano ko wannan ƙwayar cutar kansa ce, kuma idan haka ne, wane nau'in cutar kansa ne.

Yaushe ya kamata a yi wannan gwajin?

Likitan ku zai ba da shawarar wannan gwajin sau da yawa idan cikakken adadin jinin ku (CBC) ya nuna yawan ƙwayoyin jinin ku na farin jini. Wannan na iya zama alamar wasu cututtukan daji na jini. Don haka, gwajin "Immunophenotyping" yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da wannan zargin.

Wannan hanyar tana da matuƙar muhimmanci a binciken cutar kansa. Ana kuma amfani da wannan fasaha don yin nazarin yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa masu ɗauke da wasu "Antigens" ke amsawa ga magungunan hana cutar kansa daban-daban, musamman magungunan "Immunotherapy".

Yaya ake yin gwajin? Me ke faruwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje?

A cikin wannan gwajin, za ka yi ƙaramin abu ne kawai. Wato ka samar da samfurin da ake buƙata don gwajin. Bayan haka, komai yana faruwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ba sai ka damu da shi ba. Yawanci, ana amfani da manyan dabaru guda biyu don yin wannan gwajin.

1. Tsarin Zirga-zirga

2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Bari mu ga abin da ke faruwa a cikin waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu.

Hanyar Tsarin Zirga-zirga

Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar yin gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta da aka ɗauka daga jini ko nama a lokaci guda. Ga abin da ke faruwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje:

• Daukar samfurin: Yawanci ana yin hakan ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin bargon ƙashi (binciken ƙashi na ƙashi). Ko kuma, mafi yawanci, ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙaramin jini. Wani lokaci, ana iya ɗaukar samfurin ruwan ƙashi ko ruwan ciki.
• Ajiye samfurin: A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana shirya samfurin ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai na musamman don kiyaye ƙwayoyin halitta ba tare da mutuwa ba.
• Ƙara Maganin Kariya: Sai kuma mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren. Suna ƙara "Mai Maganin Kariya" (maɓalli) wanda aka tsara don ya dace da "Mai Maganin Kariya" da muke nema ga wannan samfurin. Amma akwai wani abu na musamman game da wannan "Mai Maganin Kariya". Yana da ƙaramin sinadari wanda ke fitar da haske, wani "Mai Haske Mai Haske" da aka haɗa a kai. Don haka lokacin da wannan maɓallin ya haɗu da makullin, wannan ƙwayar ta fara fitar da haske.
• Shigarwa a cikin Flow Cytometer: Sannan a saka wannan samfurin da aka shirya a cikin wata na'ura ta musamman da ake kira "Flow Cytometer." Yayin da ƙwayoyin ke motsawa ta cikin wannan na'ura ɗaya bayan ɗaya, na'urori masu auna ""Ganowa" a cikin na'urar suna gano ƙwayoyin da ke fitar da haske mai haske kuma suna ƙidaya su.

Da wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a tantance daidai adadin ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da `(Antigen)` mai dacewa.

Hanyar Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Yawanci ana amfani da wannan hanyar don nemo `(Antigens)` da ke cikin takamaiman samfurin nama `(Samfurin Nama). A nan, wani abu makamancin `(Flow Cytometry)` yana faruwa. Amma babban bambanci shine a nan, `(Antibody)` ba a haɗa shi da wani abu mai haske ba. Madadin haka, an haɗa wani enzyme `(Enzyme)` .

Saboda wannan enzyme, lokacin da `(Antibody)` ya haɗu da `(Antigen)` mai dacewa, wannan ƙwayar takan canza wani launi na musamman. Sannan, lokacin da likitan cututtuka ya dube shi ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa, zai iya ganin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu launi a sarari. Ta wannan hanyar, zai iya tabbatar da cewa `(Antigen)` mai dacewa yana cikin wannan ƙwayar.

Akwai wasu ƙuntatawa ko gazawa ga wannan gwajin?

Eh, kamar dukkan gwaje-gwaje, wannan yana da iyakokinsa. Babban ƙalubalen shine ba duk dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke yin wannan gwajin suna bin irin wannan tsari na yau da kullun ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a iya samun ɗan bambanci a sakamakon daga dakin gwaje-gwaje ɗaya zuwa wani.

Wadanne irin abubuwa ne suka fito a cikin rahoton? Me ya ce?

Rahoton gwajin 'Immunophenotyping' ba abu ne mai sauƙi kamar rahoton jini na yau da kullun ba. Ya ƙunshi bayanai da jadawali da aka samo daga na'urar '(Flow Cytometer)'. Likitan cututtuka ne kawai zai iya fahimtar waɗannan. Yana nazarin waɗannan bayanan kuma yana shirya rahoton ƙarshe.

Daga wannan rahoton, likitanka zai sami bayanai kamar haka:

• Wane irin farin jini ne ke cikin samfurin?
• Wane mataki na ci gaba ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suke ciki?
• Kwayoyin halitta nawa ne ke ɗauke da `(Antigen)` da aka gwada?

Likitan cututtuka yana kwatanta bayanan da aka samo daga samfurin ku da bayanai daga mutum mai lafiya, da kuma tsarin bayanai daga mutanen da ke da takamaiman nau'in cutar sankarar bargo ko lymphoma. Dangane da wannan kwatancen, tare da sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwaje, yana yanke shawara game da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar kansa da yake tsammanin tana da ita.

Yaushe ya kamata in yi magana da likita?

Jiran sakamakon gwaji na iya zama abin damuwa. Kuna da tambayoyi dubu a zuciyarku. Abu ne na al'ada a ji rashin tabbas game da lokacin da sakamakon zai zo da kuma abin da za su faɗa.

Wataƙila ba ka da wata matsala, wataƙila ka yi mamakin ganin rahoton 'CBC'. Wataƙila ka ɗan ji gajiya da rashin lafiya na ɗan lokaci. Duk da haka, wannan lokaci ne na yin haƙuri. Wannan mataki ɗaya ne kawai a kan hanyar gano abin da ke faruwa a cikin jikinka.

Likitan ku shine mafi kyawun jagorar ku a wannan lokacin.

• Idan ba ka da tabbas a lokacin da za ka sami sakamakon, ka tambayi likitanka.
• Bayan ka sami sakamakon bincikenka, idan ba ka fahimci abin da ke cikinsa ba, ka yi tambayoyi har sai ka fahimta. Wannan hakkinka ne.
• Kada ka ruɗe da abin da ke cikin rahoton. Hakkin likita ne ya bayyana maka ma'anarsa.

Kwayoyin halittarka suna ɗauke da bayanai da yawa game da lafiyarka. Immunophenotyping kayan aiki ne kawai da zai iya taimaka maka gano wannan bayanin da kuma fahimtar lafiyarka sosai. Abu ne na al'ada a ji tsoro da damuwa a irin wannan lokaci. Idan kana buƙatar taimako, yi magana da likitanka game da shi.