Shin wani lokacin kana jin ƙarancin numfashi, ƙirjinka yana jin matsewa, ko kuma kana jin jiri ko da bayan ka yi tafiya na ɗan lokaci? Ko kuma sau da yawa kana jin ciwon kai? Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ke bayan wannan na iya zama raguwar iskar oxygen a cikin jininka. A fannin likitanci, muna kiran wannan da rashin isasshen iskar oxygen . Tunda wannan na iya zama wata babbar matsala, bari mu fara bayani a sarari.
To, menene wannan Hypoxemia?
A taƙaice dai, Hypoxemia yanayi ne da jininka ke da ƙarancin iskar oxygen fiye da yadda aka saba. Iskar oxygen tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga kowace ƙwayar halitta da gabobin jikinmu su yi aiki yadda ya kamata, kamar yadda mota ke buƙatar fetur don ta yi aiki.
Ka yi tunanin haka. Idan muka shaƙa iska, iskar oxygen da ke cikin iska tana shiga cikin huhunmu. A cikin huhu akwai hanyar sadarwa ta ƙananan jakar iska da ake kira alveoli. Waɗannan jakar iska suna kewaye da jijiyoyin jini masu kyau (capillaries). Idan muka shaƙa iskar oxygen da ke shiga huhu tana shaƙa ta cikin waɗannan jakar iska zuwa cikin tasoshin jini. Jinin yana ɗaukar wannan iskar oxygen ya rarraba shi zuwa ga kyallen jiki a ko'ina cikin jiki.
Rashin isasshen iskar oxygen yana faruwa ne idan wani abu ya faru da wannan tsari. Ko dai ba za ka iya shakar isasshen iskar oxygen ba , ko kuma iskar oxygen da kake shaka ba za ta shiga cikin jininka yadda ya kamata ba . Shi ya sa mutanen da ke fama da cutar huhu da cututtukan zuciya ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan yanayin.
Shin Hypoxemia da Hypoxia abubuwa biyu ne daban-daban?
Eh, duk da cewa mutane da yawa suna rikitar da waɗannan kalmomi biyu, akwai ɗan bambanci. Yana da muhimmanci a san hakan.
- Hypoxemia shine raguwar matakan iskar oxygen a cikin jini .
- Hypoxia shine raguwar adadin iskar oxygen da ke isa ga kyallen jiki .
Ka yi tunanin jini a matsayin 'motar jigilar kaya' da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen. Nama 'abokan ciniki' ne da ke jiran iskar oxygen. Hawan jini shine lokacin da kayan motar (oxygen) suka yi ƙasa. Saboda haka, Hawan jini shine lokacin da abokin ciniki bai karɓi kayan ba. Sau da yawa, lokacin da iskar oxygen a cikin jini ya yi ƙasa (Hypoxemia), nama kuma ba shi da iskar oxygen (Hypoxia). Amma hakan ba koyaushe yake faruwa ba.
Mene ne alamun wannan yanayin?
Alamomin hypoxemia na iya bambanta dangane da tsananinsa da kuma dalilinsa. Wasu alamomin da aka saba gani an jera su a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.
| Alamar | Bayani |
|---|---|
| Wahalar numfashi | Jin shaƙewa, wahalar numfashi (dyspnea). |
| Ciwon kai | Ciwon kai, musamman da safe. |
| bugun zuciya | Ƙara yawan bugun zuciya (tachycardia). |
| Tari da hayaniyar ƙirji | Yawan tari da fitar numfashi. |
| Ruɗani | Ruɗani da tashin hankali suna faruwa ne lokacin da kwakwalwa ba ta da iskar oxygen. |
| Shuɗi (Cyanosis) | Wannan lamari ne na gaggawa! Canza launin shuɗi na fata, lebe, da farce. |
Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Menene abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin isasshen iskar oxygen (hypoxemia)?
Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da wannan. Babban dalilin shine wata cuta ta rashin lafiya da ke shafar tsarin numfashi ko zagayawar jini. Misali, idan ka je wani wuri mai tsayi, kamar wani yanki mai tsaunuka, wannan yanayin na iya faruwa na ɗan lokaci saboda rashin iskar oxygen a muhalli.
Ga wasu daga cikin manyan matsalolin lafiya da ka iya haifar da hypoxemia.
- Asma
- Namoniya
- COPD (Cutar toshewar huhu mai ɗorewa)
- Rashin Tsarin Zuciya Mai Tasowa
- Embolism na huhu
- Edema na huhu
- Ciwon numfashi na barci
- Rashin jini
- Lalacewar Zuciya da Aka Haifa
- Cututtukan numfashi masu tsanani kamar COVID-19
Manyan hanyoyi guda 5 da ke taimakawa wajen rage iskar oxygen
Daga mahangar likitanci, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda 5 da ke taimakawa wajen rashin iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Waɗannan suna da ɗan rikitarwa, amma bari mu yi ta a hankali.
1.Rashin Daidaito Tsakanin Iska da Ruwa (V/Q): Ka yi tunanin huhu a matsayin wurin tsayawar bas. Iska (oxygen) ita ce fasinjoji. Jini shine bas. Wani lokaci wurin tsayawar yana cike da fasinjoji, amma babu bas (ƙarancin kwararar jini). Ko kuma akwai bas da yawa, amma babu fasinjoji (ƙarancin iska). Wannan rashin daidaito tsakanin kwararar iska da kwararar jini ana kiransa rashin daidaiton V/Q.
2. Rashin Yaɗuwa: Yanzu ka yi tunanin cewa fasinjoji (oxygen) suna kan tasha, kuma bas (jini) yana tafiya. Amma akwai cikas ga fasinjojin shiga bas. Wannan shine cikas ga iskar oxygen daga huhu zuwa jini . Wannan na iya faruwa saboda abubuwa kamar kauri bangon huhu.
3. Rashin iska mai shiga jiki: A takaice dai , numfashi a hankali ko rashin yin numfashi mai zurfi , wanda ke haifar da rashin isashshen iskar oxygen zuwa huhu.
4. Rashin Iskar Oxygen a Muhalli: Wannan a bayyane yake. Idan yanayin da muke ciki yana da ƙarancin iskar oxygen , misali, idan muka je saman dutse, ba za mu iya ɗaukar isasshen iskar oxygen ba.
5. Jinin Dama zuwa Hagu: Zuciyarmu tana da jinin da ba shi da iskar oxygen (jini mai launin shuɗi) a gefen dama da kuma jinin da ke da iskar oxygen mai yawa (jini ja) a gefen hagu. Waɗannan biyun ba sa haɗuwa. Amma a wasu cututtukan zuciya, maimakon zuwa huhu don samun iskar oxygen, wasu daga cikin jinin da ba shi da iskar oxygen suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa gefen hagu kuma suna tafiya zuwa jiki . Wannan kuma shine sanadin Hypoxemia.
Ta yaya likita zai gano wannan?
Bayan sauraron alamun cutar, likita zai duba ka. Wannan ya haɗa da sauraron zuciyarka da huhunka, duba launin fatarka, da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje da dama don tantance matakin iskar oxygen da kake sha.
- Na'urar auna bugun zuciya: Wataƙila ka ga wannan. Na'ura ce da ke manne a yatsanka tana auna matakan iskar oxygen ɗinka. Ba ta da zafi kuma tana da sauƙi sosai. Ya kamata bugun zuciyar mutum mai lafiya ya zama kashi 95% ko sama da haka.
- Gwajin Iskar Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi (ABG): Wannan ita ce gwaji mafi daidaito. Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin jini daga jijiyar da ke cikin wuyan hannu, ko kuma daga gwiwar hannu, ko kuma daga kugu, sannan a auna matakan iskar oxygen, carbon dioxide, da kuma acidity (pH) na jini.
- Gwajin Tafiya na Minti Shida (6MWT): Gwaji wanda ke auna nisan da za ku iya tafiya a kan ƙasa mai kyau cikin mintuna 6, da kuma yadda matakan iskar oxygen ɗinku ke canzawa idan aka motsa jiki.
Yaya ake yi masa magani?
Babban abu yayin magance matsalar rashin isasshen iskar oxygen a jini shine a magance matsalar da ke haifar da hakan . Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da magani don dawo da matakan iskar oxygen cikin sauri zuwa al'ada.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Don haka, ana ba da ƙarin iskar oxygen.
Hanyoyi da dama na magani:
- Iskar Oxygen: Ana ba da iskar Oxygen ta hanyar hanci ko abin rufe fuska. Wasu mutane an rubuta musu sinadaran da za a iya amfani da su a gida.
- Masu Shafawa: Ana ba wa mutanen da ke da cututtuka kamar asma ko COPD masu shafawa waɗanda ke faɗaɗa hanyoyin iska (bronchodilators) ko rage kumburi (steroids).
- Injinan CPAP: Ana samar da wannan injin ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalar numfashi ta barci domin amfani da shi da daddare.
- Na'urar Numfashi: Idan yanayin majiyyacin yana da tsanani sosai, ma'ana yana da wahalar numfashi da kansa, ana haɗa shi da na'urar numfashi ta wucin gadi (na'urar numfashi) a sashin kulawa mai zurfi na asibiti.
- Sauran magunguna: Idan huhu ya cika da ruwa, ana ba da magunguna (diuretics) don cire ƙarin ruwan.
Me ya kamata mu yi don kiyaye matakan iskar oxygen mai kyau?
Idan kana da cututtukan zuciya ko na huhu, waɗannan abubuwa suna da mahimmanci don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar hypoxemia.
- Kula da lafiyarka yadda ya kamata: Yi amfani da maganin da likitanka ya rubuta maka a kan lokaci. Tabbatar ka halarci asibitoci.
- A guji shan taba gaba ɗaya: Shan taba yana da matuƙar illa ga huhu. Daina shan taba zai taimaka wajen ƙara yawan iskar oxygen.
- Yi motsa jiki na numfashi: Tambayi likitanka game da abubuwa kamar numfashi mai zurfi da amfani da na'urori kamar Incentive Spirometer.
- Ka sani game da sabbin alamu: Idan kana da sabon karancin numfashi ko ciwon kirji, kada ka yi watsi da shi.
- A yi hankali lokacin da kake tafiya zuwa tsaunuka masu tsayi: Idan kana da ciwon zuciya ko huhu, yi magana da likitanka kuma ka nemi shawarar da ta dace kafin ka yi tafiya zuwa wani yanki mai tsaunuka.
Yaushe ya kamata mu ga likita da wuri-wuri? (Yaushe ya kamata mu je ETU)
Rashin isasshen jini (hypoxemia) wata cuta ce da ke barazana ga rayuwa. Idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamomin, ka je sashen gaggawa na asibiti (ETU) nan take.
- Ba zato ba tsammani sai na ji wani irin matsanancin kasala.
- Launin lebe, farce, ko fata mai launin shuɗi (Cyanosis).
- Ciwon ƙirji mai tsanani.
- Ruɗani, tashin hankali, ko kuma rashin sani.
- Idan kana da wata cuta, alamunta na iya ƙara ta'azzara nan take.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Hypoxemia wani ƙarancin iskar oxygen ne da ke cikin jini. Wannan na iya lalata gabobin jikinmu.
- Manyan alamomin cutar sune wahalar numfashi, ciwon kai, ƙaruwar bugun zuciya, da kuma launin shuɗin fata.
- Cututtukan huhu (asma, COPD) da cututtukan zuciya sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan.
- Na'urar auna bugun zuciya da aka sanya a yatsa na iya ba da cikakken bayani game da matakin iskar oxygen, amma ana buƙatar gwaje-gwajen likita don samun ingantaccen ganewar asali.
- Manyan hanyoyin magani sune magance cutar da ke haifar da ita da kuma samar da iskar oxygen ta waje idan ya cancanta.
- Idan kana fuskantar matsala wajen numfashi ko kuma launin shuɗin fata, to gaggawa ce. Ka je Sashen Gaggawa na Asibiti (ETU) nan da nan.
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