Abu ne na al'ada ga kowa ya ji tsoro da firgita sosai idan ya ji kalmomin "ciwon daji na hanji". Duk da haka, godiya ga ci gaban da aka samu a fannin likitanci a yau, akwai sabbin magunguna da yawa masu nasara waɗanda za su iya taimaka mana mu magance irin waɗannan cututtuka. A yau, za mu yi magana game da hanyar "maganin da aka yi niyya" wadda ta bambanta da maganin chemotherapy na gargajiya kuma musamman tana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
A taƙaice dai, menene waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal?
Kafin mu fahimci wannan, bari mu dubi tsarin kariya mai ban mamaki da jikinmu ke da shi. Lokacin da ƙwayar cuta, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, ta shiga jikinmu, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana samar da sunadaran musamman waɗanda za su iya gane waɗannan mahara, su manne musu, su kuma lalata su. Muna kiran waɗannan "masu tsaron jiki," ko kuma ƙwayoyin rigakafi don su zama daidai.
To, waɗannan "Kare Kwayoyin Halittar Monoclonal" wani nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta ne na wucin gadi da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da fasaha ta musamman. An yi su ne don kai hari ga takamaiman manufa ɗaya kawai. Don zama daidai, an tsara su ne don gane takamaiman furotin a saman ƙwayar cutar kansa, a haɗa shi, sannan a lalata wannan ƙwayar cutar kansa .
Wannan kamar wani kwamanda ne da aka horar musamman wanda zai iya samun abokin gaba a wuri mai cunkoso ya kai hari ga wannan abokin gaba kawai ba tare da cutar da wani ba. Saboda haka, maimakon lalata ƙwayoyin halitta masu kyau a jiki kamar maganin chemotherapy na yau da kullun, ana iya tsammanin wannan hanyar magani za ta sami ƙarancin illa saboda ta fi takamaiman.
Magunguna da ke dakatar da ci gaban jijiyoyin jini a cikin ciwon daji (Angiogenesis Inhibitors)
Ciwon daji ba wani abu bane da ke girma kawai. Yana kama da shuka. Yana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki don rayuwa, girma, da girma. Don samun wannan abinci mai gina jiki, ƙwayoyin cutar kansa suna haɓaka sabbin jijiyoyin jini a kusa da kansu. Muna kiran wannan tsari "angiogenesis". Don haka, idan muka dakatar da jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da waɗannan "abinci da abin sha" ga ciwon daji, za mu iya dakatar da haɓakar ciwon daji, ko ba haka ba? Wannan shine abin da muke kira ajin magunguna waɗanda ke yin hakan.
Ga yadda Bevacizumab (Avastin) ke aiki:
Bevacizumab (sunan alama: Avastin) magani ne mai mahimmanci a wannan ajin. Kwayoyin cutar kansa suna aika siginar da ke gaya musu su "gina jijiyoyin jini." Wannan siginar ana kiranta da jijiyar jijiyoyin jini, ko VEGF. Abin da Avastin ke yi shine toshe wannan siginar daga isa wurin da aka nufa. A taƙaice, yana katse "wasiƙar gina jijiyoyin jini" da cutar kansa ta aika kuma yana lalata ta.
Wannan yana dakatar da ciwon daji daga samar da sabbin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke rage girman ciwon daji. An amince da wannan maganin don ciwon daji na hanji wanda ya bazu (ya zama metastasized) zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Duk da cewa ba zai iya warkar da ciwon gaba ɗaya ba, bincike ya gano cewa Avastin, idan aka ba shi tare da chemotherapy, zai iya tsawaita lokacin rayuwa ga marasa lafiya da kimanin watanni 5 .
`Fruquintinib (Fruzaqla)`, `ramucirumab (Cyramza)`, da `ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap)` wasu daga cikin sabbin magunguna ne da suma ke yiwa`VEGF` hari.
Yaya ake ba da Avastin? Menene illa?
Allurar Avastin allura ce ta jijiya (IV). Yawanci ana ba ta duk bayan makonni biyu zuwa uku tare da maganin chemotherapy.
Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a san illar da wannan maganin zai iya haifarwa.
| Nau'in illa | Bayani |
|---|---|
| Illolin da aka saba samu |
|
| Mummunan sakamako masu illa |
|
Magunguna da ke shafar ci gaban ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye
Cetuximab (Erbitux) da panitumumab (Vectibix) wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rigakafi guda biyu ne na monoclonal antibodies. Waɗannan suna aiki daban-daban. Suna kai hari ga wani furotin da ake kira epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) a saman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Ka yi tunanin wannan "EGFR" a matsayin makullin "On" wanda ke gaya wa ƙwayar cutar kansa ta "rabu da sauri ta girma." Abin da magungunan "Erbitux" da "Vectibix" ke yi shi ne su zauna a kan wannan makullin su "toshe" shi. Sannan, siginar halitta da ke gaya wa ƙwayar ta girma ba za ta iya kunna makullin ba. Ta wannan hanyar, ana sarrafa girman ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Wa ake ba wa wannan maganin?
An amince da Erbitux da Vectibix duka don magance cutar kansar hanji da ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Ana ba da allurar rigakafin Erbitux sau ɗaya a mako, ko dai shi kaɗai ko kuma tare da maganin chemotherapy irinotecan (Camptosar). Ana ba da allurar rigakafin Vectibix duk bayan makonni biyu tare da wasu magungunan chemotherapy.
Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci kafin a ba da wannan maganin, a yi gwajin kwayoyin halitta na musamman a kan ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don a ga ko wannan maganin zai yi aiki ga wannan ciwon daji. Waɗannan ba su dace da duk wani ciwon daji ba. Saboda haka, tabbas an yi wannan gwajin.
Mene ne illar Erbitux da Vectibix?
Waɗannan magunguna kuma suna da takamaiman illa.
| Sakamakon gama gari na Erbitux da Vectibix | |
|---|---|
| Matsalolin fata | Kurajen fuska kamar kuraje, kurajen fata, da busasshen fata. Amma abin mamaki shine, wani lokacin waɗannan halayen fata suna nufin cewa maganin yana aiki da kyau don yaƙar cutar kansa. |
| Sauran illolin da ke tattare da hakan |
|
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Magungunan rigakafi na monoclonal magani ne na zamani wanda ke kai hari musamman ga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Sun bambanta da magungunan chemotherapy na yau da kullun.
- Wasu magunguna suna hana samar da jini ga ciwon daji, yayin da wasu kuma ke toshe tsarin siginar da ke haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
- Duk waɗannan magunguna suna da nasu illa. Ku tattauna waɗannan a fili da likitanku kafin ku fara magani.
- Waɗannan magungunan ba su dace da kowa ba. Likitan ku zai yanke shawara kan wanne magani ne ya fi dacewa da ku dangane da nau'in ciwon daji da kuke da shi, nisan da ya yaɗu, da kuma sakamakon gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta na musamman.
- Idan kai ko wani a cikin iyalinka yana da ciwon daji, kada ka firgita. Yi magana da likitanka game da duk hanyoyin magancewa da ake da su, fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu, kuma ka ɗauki ƙarfin hali don fuskantar maganin.
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