Farin cikin da kike ji idan kin gano cewa za ki zama uwa ba za a iya misaltawa ba, ko? Amma a lokaci guda, akwai ɗan tsoro a zuciyarki. "Shin jaririna zai kasance lafiya? Komai zai tafi daidai?" Idan kina da irin waɗannan tambayoyi a zuciyarki, abu ne na al'ada. Kusan duk wanda zai zama uwa yana jin waɗannan ji. Don haka, don duba lafiyarki da jaririnki, muna yin gwaje-gwajen jini daban-daban a duk lokacin da kike da juna biyu. A yau, za mu yi magana game da ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci, gwaje-gwajen farko. Wannan shine gwajin NT.
A taƙaice dai, menene wannan hoton Nuchal Translucency (NT)?
To, bari mu yi bayani a sauƙaƙe. Ƙaramin ɗanki a cikin mahaifa yana da ɗan ruwa a ƙarƙashin fata, a bayan wuyansa. Wannan abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane jariri. A fannin likitanci, muna kiran wannan da Nuchal Translucency (NT).
Nuchal (wanda ake kira "nu-kal") yana nufin yankin da ke bayan wuya.
Canzawa (trans-lu-sun-si) yana nufin yadda haske ko raƙuman ruwa ke ratsawa ta cikin wani abu, wato, yanayinsa mai haske.
Don haka, abin da wannan na'urar daukar hoton NT ke yi shi ne amfani da fasahar duban dan tayi (ultrasound) don auna kauri na wannan membrane mai ruwa a bayan wuyan jaririnka. Ana ɗaukar wannan ma'aunin a cikin milimita.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine wannan ba gwajin ganewar asali bane. Wannan gwajin tantancewa ne. Wato, wannan hoton kadai ba zai iya cewa da tabbacin 100% cewa "jaririnku yana da autism ba." Duk da haka, zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko jaririn yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wani nau'in rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta ko chromosomal (Chromosomal ko Genetic variant).
Me yasa wannan hoton NT yake da mahimmanci haka? Me ake nema?
Likitoci da masana kimiyya sun gano cewa jarirai masu wasu matsalolin chromosome suna da ɗan ƙaramin adadin wannan ruwa a bayan wuyansu fiye da jariri na yau da kullun. Don haka, idan ƙimar NT ta fi ta al'ada, kawai alama ce cewa akwai yiwuwar samun wasu haɗari ga wasu yanayi.
Babban yanayin da wannan hoton ke tantance haɗari a kai sune:
- Ciwon Down (Ƙaura - Trisomy 21)
- Ciwon Edwards (Ciwon Edwards - Trisomy 18)
- Patau ciwo (Patau ciwo - Trisomy 13)
Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan matsalolin chromosomal. Bugu da ƙari, babban ƙimar NT wani lokacin yana iya nuna haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da aka haifa a cikin jariri.
Haka kuma, lokacin da ake yin wannan hoton, likita yana duba ko ci gaban wasu gabobin jiki na asali a jikin jaririn yana faruwa ne yadda ya kamata.
A wane lokaci ne ake yin hoton NT a lokacin daukar ciki?
Wannan kuma tambaya ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Ana iya yin scan ɗin NT ne kawai a cikin takamaiman lokaci .
Wato, tsakanin makonni 11 da makonni 13 da kwana 6 na ciki.
A wata ma'anar, lokacin da tsawon kambin jariri ya kasance tsakanin milimita 45 zuwa 84.
Akwai wani dalili na musamman na wannan. Bayan makonni 14 na ciki, yayin da jariri ke girma, jiki ya fara shan wani ruwa a bayan wuya. Bayan haka, yana da matukar wahala a sami wannan ma'auni daidai. Shi ya sa yake da matukar muhimmanci a yi gwajin a cikin wannan lokacin da aka ƙayyade.
Ana yin wannan gwajin NT a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin tantancewa na farko-uku, wanda ke nufin cewa ana yin wani gwajin jini tare da shi.
To menene wannan gwajin farko-uku-a-rabi?
Wannan kuma ana kiransa da "Gwajin Haɗaka." Wannan ya ƙunshi haɗa sakamakon gwajin NT da gwajin jini da aka karɓa daga gare ku, da kuma amfani da manhajar kwamfuta don ƙididdige ko jaririn yana cikin haɗari. Sakamakon da aka samu lokacin da aka haɗa shi da gwajin jini ya fi daidai fiye da lokacin da aka yi gwajin NT shi kaɗai.
Ta yaya zan fahimci sakamakon? Ya kamata in ji tsoro?
Wannan ita ce babbar matsalar da iyaye mata da yawa ke fuskanta. Idan sakamakon ya fito, zai iya zama mai rikitarwa da ban haushi. Amma kada ku damu. Bari mu ga yadda hakan zai kasance.
Likitan zai ba ka sakamakon a matsayin "haɗari." Wato, a matsayin ƙimar lissafi. Misali, rahotonka na iya cewa "1 cikin 500."
- Menene ma'anar wannan?
Wannan yana nufin cewa idan ka ɗauki uwaye 500 masu irin sakamakon da kake samu (maki na NT, rahoton jini, shekaru, da sauransu), ɗaya daga cikinsu ce kawai ke da damar haihuwar jariri mai yanayin kwayoyin halitta. Wannan yana nufin akwai damar 499 cewa jaririnka zai haihu lafiya ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Don haka, da alama wannan dama ce, ba shawara mai tabbas ba .
| Nau'in sakamako | Ma'ana mai sauƙi kuma me ke gaba? |
|---|---|
| Sakamakon ƙarancin haɗari (misali 1 cikin 1000, 1 cikin 5000) | Yana nuna cewa haɗarin samun rashin daidaituwar chromosomes yana da ƙasa sosai. Yawanci, ba a buƙatar wasu gwaje-gwaje na musamman a wannan lokacin. Likitanka zai ci gaba da yin wasu gwaje-gwaje yayin daukar ciki kamar yadda aka saba. |
| Babban sakamako mai haɗari (Misali: 1 cikin 100, 1 cikin 50) | Wannan ba yana nufin cewa jaririn yana da wannan matsalar ba. Duk da haka, yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar tana da yawa. A irin wannan yanayin, likitanka zai iya tura ka don ƙarin gwaje-gwaje. Kada ka firgita, ka yi magana da likitanka game da wannan a hankali. |
Menene ƙimar NT ta yau da kullun?
Ƙimar NT kuma tana canzawa kaɗan yayin da jariri ke girma. Amma gabaɗaya, yawancin likitoci suna ɗaukar ƙimar ƙasa da 3.0 ko 3.5 mm a matsayin al'ada. Duk da haka, wannan ƙimar kaɗai ba a amfani da ita don yanke shawara. Ana ƙididdige haɗarin ta hanyar haɗa komai tare, kamar shekarunka da sakamakon gwajin jini. Don haka kada ka kalli lamba kawai a cikin rahoton ka kai ga ƙarshen abin da kake so. Tabbatar ka nuna wa likitanka kuma ka yi masa bayani.
Me za ka yi idan sakamakon ya nuna cewa haɗarin yana da yawa?
Da farko dai, a yi numfashi mai zurfi a kwantar da hankalinka. Ba kowanne jariri da ke da babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ke da matsala ba. Wannan yana nufin kawai kana buƙatar ƙarin bincike a kai.
Likitan ku zai tura ku zuwa ga ƙwararre ko mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta kuma ya yi muku bayani game da abin da za ku yi a gaba. Sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka fi ba da shawarar su ne:
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Wannan gwaji ne da ake yi tsakanin makonni 11-14 na ciki. Ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga mahaifa da kuma duba ƙwayoyin halittar jariri.
- Amniocentesis: Wannan gwaji ne da ake yi bayan makonni 15 na ciki. Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye da jaririn kuma a gwada shi.
Duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje ne na ganewar asali. Wannan yana nufin cewa sakamakon ya fi kashi 99% daidai. Tunda akwai ƙarancin haɗarin da ke tattare da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, kai da abokin tarayya za ku iya tattauna ko za ku yi amfani da su tare da likitan ku.
Ka tuna, akwai lokuta marasa adadi inda ko da ƙimar NT scan ɗin ta yi yawa, ƙarin gwaji yana tabbatar da cewa jaririn ba shi da matsala. Don haka kada ka damu.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Gwajin NT scan wani gwajin duban dan tayi ne da ake yi a lokacin farkon watanni uku na ciki (makonni 11-13) wanda ke auna kauri na ruwan amniotic da ke bayan wuyan jariri.
- Wannan ba gwaji ne da ke gano wata cuta ba, a'a gwaji ne da ke tantance haɗarin rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin halitta kamar Down syndrome.
- Domin samun sakamako mafi inganci, ana yin gwajin jini (Combined Test) tare da hoton NT.
- Kada ku damu idan sakamakon ya kasance "Babban Hadari." Ba yana nufin cewa tabbas akwai matsala da jaririn ba, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaji.
- Yi magana a fili da likitanka game da duk wani sakamako ko damuwa da kake da shi. Kada ka yi gaggawar yanke shawara bisa ga bayanan da aka samu a intanet.
- Wannan hoton ba zai cutar da kai ko jaririnka ba. Gwaji ne mai matuƙar aminci.
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