Yawan toshewar ƙirji, rashin ƙaruwar nauyi... Shin wannan shine Cystic Fibrosis (CF)? Bari mu san da wannan.

Shin ƙaramin yaronka yana da hanci mai toshewa koyaushe? Komai yawan abincin da zai ba shi, sai ya yi siriri ba tare da ya sani ba? Shin wani lokacin yana jin kamar yana da matsalar numfashi? Abu ne na al'ada ga iyaye su ji tsoro idan suka ga waɗannan alamun. Waɗannan na iya zama alamun wata cuta da ake kira Cystic Fibrosis (CF), wadda ba mu taɓa jin labarinta ba sosai, amma tana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sani. Bari mu yi magana game da wannan ba tare da tsoro ba kuma a yau kawai.

Menene ainihin cystic fibrosis (CF)?

A taƙaice dai, wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta da ake gado daga iyaye . Akwai wata kwayar halitta ta musamman da ke sarrafa motsin gishiri (chloride) da ruwaye ta cikin ƙwayoyin jikinmu. Wannan ana kiranta kwayar halittar CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) . Don haka, cutar CF tana faruwa ne lokacin da akwai lahani ko maye gurbi a cikin wannan kwayar halitta.

Me ke faruwa saboda wannan lahani? Yawanci, ruwan da ke cikin jikinmu, kamar majina da ƙaiƙayi , siriri ne kuma mai santsi. Amma a jikin mutumin da ke da CF, waɗannan ruwan da ke fita daga jiki suna zama masu kauri, kauri, da mannewa .

Ka yi tunanin abin da zai faru idan wannan kauri gamji ya taru a cikin huhu. Yana sa numfashi ya yi wahala, ƙwayoyin cuta suna makale cikin sauƙi , kuma kamuwa da cuta ya zama ruwan dare . Bayan lokaci, wannan na iya haifar da mummunan lalacewa ga huhu, gazawar numfashi, har ma da mutuwa.

Haka kuma, waɗannan abubuwa masu kauri suna toshe hanyoyin shiga cikin pancreas. Sannan enzymes na narkewar abinci waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen narkar da abincin da muke ci ba sa fitowa . Sakamakon haka, rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma raguwar girma na faruwa. Bugu da ƙari, cututtukan hanta, ciwon suga ('Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes' - CFRD) da matsalolin haihuwa suma na iya faruwa.

Amma kada ku damu. A yau, godiya ga ci gaban jiyya, tsawon rayuwar marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar CF ya ƙaru da shekaru da yawa.

Mene ne alamun wannan cuta?

Alamomin cutar CF na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Haka kuma sun bambanta dangane da tsananin cutar. Bari mu dubi manyan alamomin.

Atypical cystic fibrosis

Wannan nau'in CF ne mai sauƙi. Alamomin suna bayyana daga baya a rayuwa. Wani lokaci gabobi ɗaya ne kawai ke shafar.

Me ke haifar da CF?

Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon lahani a cikin kwayar halittar da ake kira CFTR . Domin yaro ya kamu da wannan cuta, dole ne yaron ya sami kwafin kwayar halittar da ba ta da kyau daga uwa da uba .

Ta yaya ake gane cutar?

Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gano wannan cuta da wuri, domin a lokacin za a iya fara magani da sauri kuma za a iya rage matsalolin da za su iya tasowa a nan gaba. A Sri Lanka, wasu asibitoci yanzu suna gwada yara kan wannan a lokacin haihuwa.

Manyan gwaje-gwajen da ake amfani da su don gano cutar sune:

• Gwajin gumi: Wannan ita ce gwaji mafi inganci don gano cutar CF.Wannan gwajin ba tare da ciwo ba yana auna adadin gishiri (chloride) a cikin gumin ku. Idan adadin ya fi yadda aka saba, to alama ce ta CF.
• Gwajin jini: Wannan yana gwada matakin wani sinadari mai suna 'Immunoreactive Trypsinogen (IRT)' a cikin jini. Wannan matakin yana da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da cutar CF.
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta (gwajin DNA): Wannan yana duba kai tsaye don gano lahani a cikin kwayar halittar 'CFTR'.

Baya ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar wasu gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ganewar asali da kuma neman matsaloli. Misali, gwajin X-ray na ƙirji, gwajin aikin huhu (PFTs), da gwajin majina da bayan gida.

Menene hanyoyin magancewa?

Saboda cutar CF cuta ce mai sarkakiya, ana ba da magani ta hanyar ƙungiyar ƙwararru daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da likitan huhu, likitan motsa jiki, da kuma masanin abinci mai gina jiki. Manyan manufofin magani sune a share huhu daga majina, a hana kamuwa da cuta, da kuma samar da abinci mai gina jiki da ake buƙata.

Magunguna

Likitan ku zai iya rubuta muku magunguna kamar:

• Maganin rigakafi: Hana kamuwa da cututtukan huhu da kuma magance su.
• Magungunan rage majina: Ana ba da su ta hanyar na'urar numfashi ko nebulizer. Suna taimakawa wajen rage majina mai kauri kuma suna sauƙaƙa tari.
• Masu rage kumburin hanyoyin numfashi: Suna faɗaɗa hanyoyin iska kuma suna sauƙaƙa numfashi.
• Karin sinadarin enzymes na pancreas: Ya kamata a sha su tare da kowane abinci da abun ciye-ciye. Suna taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci da kuma shan sinadarin da ke cikin abinci.
• Masu daidaita CFTR: Waɗannan su ne sabbin nau'ikan magunguna mafi inganci. Waɗannan magunguna suna taimakawa wajen dawo da aikin furotin mai lahani na 'CFTR' wanda ke haifar da cutar kai tsaye. Wannan zai iya rage majina, inganta aikin huhu, rage tari, har ma da rage ƙaruwar nauyi. `(Trikafta, Kalydeco, Orkambi)` wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan magunguna ne.

Dabaru na Tsabtace Hanya ta Iska (ACT)

Waɗannan abubuwa ne da ya kamata a yi kowace rana, aƙalla sau biyu a rana. Suna taimakawa wajen sassautawa da kuma cire kauri majina da ke makale a cikin huhu.

• Maganin Kirji: Samun wani ya taɓa baya da ƙirji kamar yadda ake buƙata don ya saki majina.
• Rigar: Wannan rigar riga ce da aka haɗa da wata na'ura ta musamman. Idan aka sa ta, girgiza mai yawan gaske tana taɓa ƙirji, tana haifar da wani abu da zai sa ta saki majina.
• Na'urorin PEP: Fitar da iska ta ƙananan na'urori kamar '(Flutter, Acapella)' yana haifar da matsin lamba a cikin huhu kuma yana taimakawa wajen share majina.

Tiyata

Wasu matsaloli na iya buƙatar tiyata.

• Dashen huhu: Hanya ta ƙarshe da za a bi idan cutar ta yi tsanani sosai kuma huhun ya kusan yin aiki yadda ya kamata.
• Dashen hanta: Idan hanta ta yi mummunan lalacewa.
• Sauran: Abubuwa kamar cire polyps na hanci, saka bututun ciyarwa a cikin ciki don samar da abinci.

Matsalolin da ka iya tasowa na CF

Idan ba a yi wa CF magani yadda ya kamata ba, matsaloli daban-daban na iya faruwa.

• Huhu: Faɗaɗa hanyoyin iska na dindindin (`Bronchiectasis`), rugujewar huhu (`Pneumothorax`), kamuwa da cuta mai ɗorewa.
• Ciwon daji na Pancreatitis: Ciwon suga mai alaƙa da CF ('CFRD').
• Hanta: Tabon hanta (Cirrhosis).
• Na hanji: toshewar hanji, da kuma karuwar barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji.
• Tsarin haihuwa: Rashin haihuwa ga maza da kuma jinkirin haihuwa ga mata.
• Kasusuwa: Rage ƙasusuwa (Osteoporosis).

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi)