Shin kun ji labarin "polio"? Wataƙila iyayenku, kakanninku, ko kakanninku suna jin tsoro kaɗan idan suka ji sunan. Wannan saboda 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, cutar shan inna ta kasance mummunar cuta da ta tsorata duniya, ta kashe dubban yara, kuma ta gurgunta wasu da yawa har abada. Amma a yau? A yau, ba ma magana sosai game da ita. Babban dalilin hakan shine allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna. Amma shin da gaske an kawar da wannan cutar gaba ɗaya daga duniya? Bari mu yi magana game da ita.
A taƙaice dai, menene cutar shan inna?
Polio a takaice dai ana nufin "Poliomyelitis." Kwayar cuta ce ke haifar da ita. Kwayar cutar tana yaɗuwa cikin sauƙi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar riga-kafi ba. Idan mutum ya kamu da cutar Polio, ba zai iya samun wata alama ba kwata-kwata, ko kuma yana iya samun alamun da suka yi kama da mura ko mura.
Amma, abin da ya fi haɗari shi ne cewa ƙaramin adadin mutane na iya yin rashin lafiya sosai daga wannan ƙwayar cuta. Tana iya haifar da gurgunta jiki , wani lokacin ma mutuwa. Duk da cewa duk wanda ba a yi masa allurar riga-kafi ba na iya kamuwa da cutar shan inna, yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 5 ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
Labari mai daɗi shine tun daga shekarar 1988, adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar shan inna a duniya ya ragu da fiye da kashi 99%. Cikakken yabo ga wannan allurar rigakafin shan inna yana zuwa ne daga allurar rigakafin shan inna.
Akwai nau'ikan polio daban-daban?
Eh, yanayin da ke faruwa lokacin da kwayar cutar polio ta shiga jiki ya bambanta. Bari mu ga menene su. Domin a sauƙaƙa fahimta wannan, zan nuna muku a cikin teburi kamar haka.
| Nau'in cutar shan inna | Bayani da manyan fasaloli |
|---|---|
| Polio Mai Cirewa | Wannan ita ce nau'in polio mafi sauƙi kuma mafi ƙarancin haɗari. Yana jin kamar mura ko mura. Alamomin kamar zazzaɓi, ciwon kai, ciwon makogwaro, da ciwon ciki suna ɗaukar kwanaki kaɗan sannan su tafi. |
| Polio mara gurguwa | Wannan ya ɗan fi tsanani fiye da na baya. Baya ga alamomin kamar zazzabi da ciwon kai, akwai tauri da ciwo a wuya da baya . Wani lokaci, wata mummunar cuta da ake kira meningitis, wacce kumburi ce a jikin membranes da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa, tana iya faruwa. |
| Shan Inna Mai Gurɓata | Wannan shine matakin da ya fi hatsari kuma mai ban tsoro na cutar shan inna. Kwayar cutar tana kai hari ga kwakwalwa da kashin baya, tana raunana tsokoki da ke taimakawa hannu, ƙafa, har ma da numfashi har abada. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da gurgunta jiki . |
| Ciwon Bayan Shan Inna | Wannan wata cuta ce mai ban mamaki. Mutumin da ke da cutar shan inna a lokacin ƙuruciya kuma ya warke gaba ɗaya zai iya sake samun alamun cutar (musamman raunin tsoka) shekaru da yawa bayan haka . Ana kiran wannan da ciwon bayan shan inna. |
Ta yaya ake yada kwayar cutar polio daga mutum zuwa mutum?
Kwayar cutar shan inna tana shiga jikinmu ta baki . Kwayar cutar tana rayuwa a cikin makogwaro da hanjin majiyyaci. Saboda haka, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da take yaɗuwa:
- Ta hanyar najasa: Ana zubar da kwayar cutar a cikin najasar mai fama da cutar shan inna. Ana iya yada cutar ta hanyar shan ruwa, cin abinci, ko sanya hannuwa masu datti a baki wanda ya gurɓata da wannan najasar. Wannan ita ce babbar hanyar da take yaɗuwa a tsakanin yara ƙanana.
- Ta hanyar tari da atishawa: Haka kuma cutar na iya yaɗuwa ta hanyar shaƙar ɗigon ruwa da ke fitowa lokacin da wanda ya kamu da cutar ya yi tari ko atishawa.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ko da wani ba shi da alamun cutar, har yanzu yana iya yaɗa cutar shan inna ga wani idan yana da cutar a jikinsa.
Ku tuna: Maganin tsaftace hannu da aka yi da barasa ba ya kashe kwayar cutar shan inna. Saboda haka, wanke hannuwanku sosai da sabulu da ruwan sha yana da mahimmanci don kare kanku daga wannan kwayar cutar.
Ta yaya likita ke gano cutar?
Idan kai ko ɗanka yana da alamun cutar shan inna, likitanka zai fara duba ka a hankali. Domin tabbatar da cutar, yawanci suna yin haka:
1. Gwaji samfurin bayan gida: Ana ɗaukar samfurin bayan gida a gwada shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano kasancewar kwayar cutar shan inna.
2. Daukar samfurin makogwaro:Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin adadin swab na makogwaro kuma a gwada.
3. Hudawar ƙashin baya: A wasu lokuta masu tsanani, likita na iya buƙatar saka ƙaramin allura a cikin ƙashin baya sannan ya ɗauki ƙaramin ruwan ƙashin baya don gwaji.
Akwai maganin cutar shan inna?
Wannan ita ce gaskiyar da muke buƙatar sani. Babu takamaiman maganin cutar shan inna tukuna. Wato, babu wani magani da zai kawar da cutar daga jiki.
To me likitoci ke yi? Suna ƙoƙarin sanya majiyyaci cikin kwanciyar hankali da kuma shawo kan illolin cutar. Maganin wannan shine:
- Magungunan rage radadi (misali Ibuprofen)
- Masu sassauta tsoka
- Samun isasshen hutu da shan ruwa
- Ƙarfafa tsokoki ta hanyar maganin jiki
- Idan kana da matsalar numfashi, yi amfani da na'urar numfashi don taimaka maka numfashi.
- Idan gurguwa ce, yi amfani da kayan taimakon tafiya (takalma, keken guragu)
Mafi kyawun garkuwar kariya daga wannan cuta mai kisa - allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna!
Hanya mafi kyau ta kariya daga cutar da ba ta da magani ita ce a hana ta kafin ta faru. Mafi ƙarfi daga cikin makaman da muke da su don yaƙi da cutar shan inna shine allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna .
Abin da wannan allurar rigakafin ke yi shi ne horar da jikinmu don samar da garkuwar jiki don yaƙar ƙwayar cutar shan inna. Sannan, idan ƙwayar cutar ta shiga jiki, jikinmu zai lalata ta.
Akwai nau'ikan alluran rigakafin cutar shan inna guda biyu:
- Allurar riga-kafi ta Poliovirus (IPV): Wannan ita ce allurar da ake amfani da ita a ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Sri Lanka. Ana yin allura ta hanyar allura . Tana da aminci sosai kuma tana ba da kariya kashi 99% idan aka sha duk allurar da aka tsara.
- Allurar rigakafin Polio ta baki (OPV): Wannan ita ce allurar rigakafin baki da aka bayar a baya a ƙasarmu. Haka kuma tana da tasiri sosai, amma ba kasafai ake samunta ba, kuma akwai haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar Polio da wannan allurar, don haka ƙasashen da suka ci gaba yanzu sun koma ga allurar rigakafin IPV.
Jadawalin allurar riga-kafi
A ƙarƙashin Shirin Allurar Rigakafi na Ƙasa a Sri Lanka, ana ba wa kowane yaro allurar rigakafin shan inna kyauta. Jadawalin kamar haka:
- A watanni 2 da haihuwa
- A watanni 4 da haihuwa
- A watanni 6 na rayuwa
- A cikin watanni 18 da haihuwa
- A lokacin yana da shekaru 5
Shin kana buƙatar allurar rigakafi a matsayinka na babba?
Idan ka taɓa shan duk waɗannan alluran riga-kafi tun kana yaro, har yanzu kana da kariya. Amma, idan za ka je ƙasar da har yanzu akwai cutar shan inna (misali Pakistan, Afghanistan), ka yi magana da likitanka game da samun ƙarin allurar rigakafi (ƙara allurar rigakafi).
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Polio cuta ce mai tsanani da kwayar cuta ke haifarwa wadda ke iya haifar da gurguwar jiki ko ma mutuwa.
- Babu wani takamaiman magani da zai iya warkar da wannan cuta tukuna. Maganin yana da nufin magance alamun cutar ne kawai.
- Hanya mafi kyau kuma kawai don kare kanka daga cutar shan inna ita ce a yi allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna.
- Tabbatar da cewa yaronka ya sami dukkan allurai da suka dace a lokacin da ya dace. Wannan alhakinka ne.
- Ba a kashe kwayar cutar polio ta hanyar amfani da maganin tsaftace jiki na barasa, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a wanke hannuwanku sosai da sabulu da ruwa akai-akai.
- Idan kai ko wani a cikin iyalinka yana da tambayoyi game da yin allurar riga-kafi, yi magana a fili game da shi tare da likitan iyalinka.
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