E ʻike kākou e pili ana i kou pae kō koko (Blood Glucose Test)? Hana ʻia kēia no ka maʻi diabetes wale nō?

Aloha! Pehea ʻoe? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i kahi kumuhana nui i nā poʻe he nui. ʻO ia hoʻi, ka nānā ʻana i nā pae kō koko, a i ʻole e like me kā mākou e kapa nei, "Blood Glucose Test". Ua hana paha ʻoe i kēia "hoʻāʻo". A i ʻole ua lohe paha ʻoe i kekahi e kamaʻilio ana e pili ana i ia mea. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o ia mea, no ke aha e hana ʻia ai, a pehea e hana ai, ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

He aha ka hoʻāʻo glucose koko?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hoʻāʻo kēia e ana i ka nui o ka glucose (kō) i loko o kou koko. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia e hoʻoholo ai inā he maʻi diabetes kou a i ʻole he pilikia paha ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo no ka maʻi diabetes. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēlā ma hope.

ʻElua ʻano nui o kēia hoʻāʻo.

I kēia manawa, ʻelua ala e hana ai i kēia hoʻāʻo kō koko.

• Hoʻāʻo glucose koko capillary: ʻO kēia ke komo ʻana i kou manamana lima me kahi nila liʻiliʻi a lawe i kahi kulu koko. No nā keiki ʻōpio, hana pinepine ʻia kēia mai ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae. A laila kau ʻia ke kulu koko ma kahi ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi mika glucose, hiki ke ana i kou pae kō koko i loko o kekahi mau kekona. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes e nānā ana i kā lākou kō koko ma ka home ma kēia ʻano. Hāʻawi kēia i nā hopena wikiwiki loa.

• Hoʻāʻo glucose koko Venous/Plasma: Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi koko liʻiliʻi mai kahi aʻa koko i loko o kou lima me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi syringe. Hana ʻia kēia e kahi phlebotomist, kahi kanaka i aʻo ʻia e lawe i ke koko. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia me nā hoʻāʻo koko ʻē aʻe, e like me ka Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP). A laila hoʻouna ʻia ka hāpana koko i kahi lab no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā hopena i loaʻa mai kahi hoʻāʻo koko venous ma mua o nā mea i loaʻa mai kahi hoʻāʻo koko manamana lima.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano hoʻāʻo glucose ʻē aʻe?

ʻAe, aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe.

• Hoʻāʻo Kō koko hoʻokē ʻai: He hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi kēia e ʻike ai inā he maʻi diabetes kou. Hoʻololi ka pae kō koko ma hope o kā mākou ʻai ʻana. No laila, ma ka hana ʻana i kēia "hoʻāʻo" ma hope o kekahi mau hola (ʻo ka maʻamau he 8-12 mau hola) me ka ʻai ʻole a inu ʻole paha i kekahi mea (hiki iā ʻoe ke inu wai wale nō), hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi manaʻo maopopo o kāu "kō koko kumu".

• Ka nānā ʻana i ka glucose ma ka home: He mea nui loa kēia no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes. Nānā mau lākou i ko lākou pae kō koko, me ka mika glucose e hou ana i ko lākou manamana lima me kahi nila liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole me kahi mea nānā glucose hoʻomau (CGM), kahi mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kou pae kō koko ma kēia ʻano he mea nui ia no ka mālama ʻana i kāu maʻi diabetes ma lalo o ke kaohi.

He aha maoli ke ʻano o ka glucose (sugar) i loko o ke koko?

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ʻo ka glucose ka wahie nui e hāʻawi ai i ka ikehu i ko mākou kino. Hoʻopuka nui ʻia kēia glucose mai nā kalapona i loko o nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai a inu ai. Hoʻopuka pū ko mākou akepaʻa i kekahi glucose. Hele kēia glucose ma o ke koko i nā ʻāpana ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ikehu a lākou e pono ai.

Aia nā ʻano hana like ʻole i loko o ko kākou kino e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka pae kūpono o ka glucose i loko o ke koko. He kuleana nui ka hormone insulin i kēia.

ʻO ka mea nui e mālama pono ai i kou pae glucose koko ma kahi pae olakino.

Inā kiʻekiʻe mau kou pae glucose koko, ua kapa ʻia ia he hyperglycemia. He hōʻailona pinepine kēia o ka maʻi diabetes. Loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes ke hana ʻole kāu pancreas i ka insulin lawa, a i ʻole ke hiki ʻole i kou kino ke hoʻohana pono i ka insulin āna e hana ai.

I ka manawa hea e pono ai ʻoe e nānā i kāu kō koko?

Aia kekahi mau kumu e lawe ai i kēia 'hoʻāʻo'. E nānā inā pili kekahi o kēia mau mea iā ʻoe:

• Ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka: I kekahi manawa e kauoha kāu kauka i kahi "Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)" a i ʻole "Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)" ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau. Hoʻokomo pū kēia mau "panel" ʻelua i ke ana ʻana i kāu pae glucose.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha: Manaʻo ʻoe ua makewai nui ʻoe, mimi pinepine, emi ke kaumaha, a luhi, ʻo ia nā hōʻailona o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe (Hypoglycemia), a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ke kō koko haʻahaʻa (Hypoglycemia), e like me ka hou ʻana, ka haʻalulu, ka haʻalulu, a me ka pōloli, e kauoha kāu kauka i kēia hoʻāʻo.
• I ka wā hāpai: Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano maʻi diabetes manawa pōkole i kapa ʻia ʻo "gestational diabetes" i ka wā hāpai. Pēlā nō hoʻi ke ana ʻia ʻana o ke kō koko ke hana ʻia kahi "hoʻāʻo hoʻomanawanui glucose" e ʻike ai.
• Inā ʻoe e lawe i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā lōʻihi: No ka laʻana, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me corticosteroids ke hoʻopilikia i kou pae kō koko ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi. I ia mau hihia, hiki i kāu kauka ke aʻo iā ʻoe e nānā mau i kou pae kō koko.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kō koko maʻamau ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 (T2D). Inā he mau kumu pilikia kou no ka maʻi diabetes (e.g., ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi diabetes, ka momona, ka nele i ka hoʻoikaika kino), hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku iā ʻoe e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo maʻamau, me ka nānā ʻole i kou mau makahiki. Paipai ka American Diabetes Association i nā mea a pau ma luna o 35 mau makahiki e hoʻāʻo mau ʻia.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai ma mua o kēia hoʻokolohua?

Inā ʻoe e hana ana i kahi hoʻāʻo glucose koko hoʻokē ʻai,Mai ʻai a inu paha i kekahi mea (koe wale nō ka wai) no 8 a 12 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Inā hana ʻia kāu hoʻāʻo kō koko ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka "Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)" a i ʻole "Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)", pono paha ʻoe e hoʻokē ʻai no kekahi mau hola. Eia nō naʻe, inā pono ʻoe e hahai i kekahi mau kuhikuhi kūikawā, e haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe ma mua. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo?

Hoʻololi iki kēia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo āu e hana nei.

Ma kahi hoʻokolohua kahi e lawe ʻia ai ke koko mai kahi vein (Venous glucose test):

• E hoʻonoho ʻia ʻoe ma luna o kahi noho.
• A laila e koho ke phlebotomist i kahi aa koko maʻalahi i kou lima e huki ai i ke koko mai. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, aia ia ma ke kuʻekuʻe lima.
• Ke loaʻa ka aʻa koko, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia a disinfect ka wahi.
• A laila hoʻokomo ʻia kahi nila liʻiliʻi i loko o ke aʻa a lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko.
• Ma hope o ke hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka nila, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia kahi koko liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi ʻōmole hoʻāʻo liʻiliʻi.
• Ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ke koko, wehe ʻia ke kui a kau ʻia kahi ʻāpana pulupulu a gauze paha ma kahi i ʻoki ʻia ai e hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko.
• ʻO ka mea hope loa, e kau i kahi kāʻei liʻiliʻi ma ka wahi a ua pau ʻoe. He maʻalahi loa ia.

Ma kahi hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka manamana lima (hoʻāʻo glucose koko capillary):

• E nīnau aku kekahi limahana mālama ola iā ʻoe i ka manamana lima hea e lawe ai i ke koko.
• A laila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kou mau manamana lima me kahi ʻūpā waiʻona.
• ʻO ka mea aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia kahi nila liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "lancet" (aia kēia i loko o kahi mea plastik liʻiliʻi) e hou i ka piko o ka manamana lima. ʻAʻole kēia he mea ʻeha loa.
• A laila, e ʻomi iki i kou manamana lima e hana i kahi kulu o ke koko.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā kulu koko ma kahi kaha hoʻāʻo i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mika glucose.
• Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko lawa no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, e hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana pulupulu a gauze paha e hoʻōki i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a noi iā ʻoe e paʻa pono i kou mau manamana lima.
• I loko o kekahi mau kekona, e hōʻike ka mika glucose i kou pae kō koko ma ka pale.

ʻIke ʻoe, he mea maʻalahi loa kēia.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e ʻike ai i nā hopena?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻāʻo glucose koko venous, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hopena i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hopena o kahi hoʻāʻo glucose koko capillary i loko o kekahi mau kekona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mika glucose.

He aha ka pae kō koko maʻamau?

ʻO ka pae glucose koko olakino no kekahi kanaka me ka ʻole o ka maʻi diabetes ma waena o 70 a me 99 milligrams no ka deciliter (mg/dL) . ʻO ia hoʻi, ma nā millimoles no ka lita (mmol/L), ma waena o 3.9 a me 5.5 (3.9-5.5 mmol/L) .

I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā waiwai ma waena o 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) a me 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) ke "maʻamau" no ka poʻe me ka ʻole o ka maʻi diabetes.

He aha ka manaʻo o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe?

Inā ma waena o 100 mg/dL a me 125 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L a me 6.9 mmol/L) kou pae glucose koko, ʻo ia hoʻi he prediabetes kou. Loaʻa i ka poʻe me ka prediabetes he 50% ka manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i loko o nā makahiki 5 a 10 e hiki mai ana. Akā ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana e hoʻohuli i ka prediabetes.

Inā he 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) a ʻoi aku paha kou pae glucose koko ma nā hoʻāʻo kō koko hoʻokē ʻai he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻi diabetes kou. Hiki i ka poʻe me ka Type 1 Diabetes ke loaʻa i nā pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe loa (200 mg/dL a i ʻole 11.1 mmol/L a ʻoi aku paha).

I kēlā me kēia hihia, e kauoha paha kāu kauka i kahi hoʻāʻo A1c ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona. Hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo A1c i kou awelika o ke kō koko ma luna o kekahi mau mahina.

Aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko?

ʻAe, ma waho aʻe o ka maʻi diabetes, hiki ke piʻi aʻe ka nui o ke kō koko ma muli o kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe:

• nā pilikia me kāu mau kelepa adrenal, no ka laʻana, ʻo Cushing syndrome.
• nā pilikia me kou pancreas, no ka laʻana, pancreatitis.
• ʻO ka hyperthyroidism.
• ʻO ke kau ʻia ʻana i ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi o ka noʻonoʻo, no ka laʻana ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole kahi ulia koʻikoʻi (trauma).
• kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai hoʻi nā corticosteroids.

He aha ka manaʻo o ke kō koko haʻahaʻa?

ʻO ka pae kō koko o 70 mg/dL a i ʻole ka emi mai (Hypoglycemia) ua manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa loa no kahi pākeke me ka maʻi diabetes.

He mea maʻamau nā hanana hypoglycemia i nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes Type 1. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia i nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 e lawe ana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, he mea kakaikahi lākou i nā poʻe me ka ʻole o ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻOiai inā ʻaʻohe ou maʻi diabetes, hiki i nā pae glucose koko haʻahaʻa ke hōʻailona o:

• Maʻi akepaʻa
• Maʻi puʻupaʻa
• ʻO ka hypothyroidism
• ʻO ka maʻi o Addison (ka lawa ʻole o ka adrenal)
• Ka Maʻi Hoʻohana ʻona (AUD)
• ʻO Insulinoma (He ʻōpū laha ʻole kēia)

ʻO kēia mau kūlana ka mea maʻamau e hoʻoulu pinepine ai i nā hanana o ke kō koko haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole pono ke kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes e makaʻu i ka heluhelu ʻana o ke kō koko haʻahaʻa hoʻokahi.

He mea maʻamau ka makaʻu ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi hopena hoʻāʻo ʻē. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he maʻi kou a pono paha ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi hoʻāʻo koko e ʻike i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes. Mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka. Aia lākou ma laila e kōkua iā ʻoe.

ʻAe, he aha nā mea e pono ai kākou e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia mau mea a pau? (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i kēia "Hoʻāʻo Glucose Koko". Eia kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo pōkole ai:

• ʻOiai ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo kō koko e ʻike ai i ka maʻi diabetes, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe.
• Ma waho aʻe o nā hoʻokolohua wikiwiki ʻana i nā manamana lima, aia nā hoʻokolohua pololei i hana ʻia ma kahi lab ma ka huki ʻana i ke koko mai kahi vein.
• Hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo kō koko hoʻokē ʻai ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi o kāu mau pae kō koko kumu.
• Ma mua o kou hopohopo e pili ana i nā hopena, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Mai hana i kahi hōʻailona ma muli o nā hopena o hoʻokahi hoʻokolohua.
• Inā ʻoe i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes, a i ʻole he mau hōʻailona kou, he mea nui loa e hana ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua i nā manawa maʻamau e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.
• He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā pae kō koko i loko o ka pae maʻamau no ke ola olakino.

No laila, inā noi mai kāu kauka iā ʻoe e hana i kēia "(Blood Glucose Test)", ʻaʻohe mea e makaʻu ai a kānalua paha. He mea nui wale nō ia e hana ai e nānā i kou olakino. Ua maopopo iā ʻoe?

Kō koko, hoʻāʻo glucose, maʻi diabetes, pae kō, hoʻāʻo hoʻokē ʻai, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia