E aʻo kākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka Pituitary Gland: ke "luna" liʻiliʻi o kou kino!

Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe he kelepa liʻiliʻi i loko o kou kino, e like me ka ʻenekini o ke kaʻa, ke kaohi nei i kou kino holoʻokoʻa? ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha? ʻO kēia kelepa liʻiliʻi, e like me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pī, aia ma lalo o ko kākou lolo, ka mea e hana ana i nā mea kupaianaha he nui, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka kelepa pituitary . E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia 'luna' liʻiliʻi me nā kikoʻī i kēia lā, ʻeā?

He aha ka pituitary gland? Aia ma hea ia?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou pituitary gland he gland liʻiliʻi e like me ka nui o ka pī, aia ma ke kumu o kou lolo, ma lalo pono o kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo hypothalamus . Aia ia ma kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi i pale ʻia ma ke kumu o kou lolo. Kāhea mākou i kēia keʻena ʻo Sella Turcica . He ʻāpana kēia o kāu ʻōnaehana endocrine . Hana ia i kekahi mau ʻano hormones e pono ai no ko mākou kino, a haʻi ia i nā glands endocrine ʻē aʻe e hoʻokuʻu i kēia mau hormones. He liʻiliʻi ia, akā hana nui ia, ʻeā?

I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka gland a me nā hormones.

ʻO ka gland kahi ʻōkana e hana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau mea, e like me nā hormones, nā wai ʻai, ka hou, a me nā waimaka. Hoʻopuka pololei nā gland endocrine i nā hormones i loko o ke koko.

Ua like nā hormones me nā ʻelele kemika e hoʻonohonoho i ka hana o ko kākou kino. Hele lākou ma o ke koko a lawe i nā leka i nā ʻōpū, ka ʻili, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike kēia mau leka i ke kino i ka mea e hana ai a me ka manawa e hana ai.

Ua māhele ʻia kou kelepa pituitary i ʻelua ʻāpana nui: ka pituitary mua ( lobe mua) a me ka pituitary hope ( lobe hope). Hoʻopili ʻia kēia kelepa i ka hypothalamus e kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā aʻalolo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pituitary stalk a i ʻole infundibulum .

He aha nā hormones koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia e ka pituitary gland?

E nānā kākou i nā hormones koʻikoʻi e puka mai ana mai kēia gland liʻiliʻi.

Nā Hormones mai ka Lobe Anterior

Hoʻopuka a hoʻokuʻu kēia ʻāpana i nā hormones koʻikoʻi he nui i loko o ke koko.

• ʻO ka hormone Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) a i ʻole corticotrophin: Hoʻopilikia kēia i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o ko mākou kino i ke kaumaha . Hoʻoulu ia i kāu mau kelepa adrenal e hana i ka "hormone kaumaha" cortisol . He nui nā hana a Cortisol. No ka laʻana, hoʻomalu ia i ka metabolism , mālama i ke koko , hoʻomalu i nā pae glucose koko , a hoʻemi i ka mumū .
• ʻO ka hormone hoʻouluulu follicle (FSH):Inā he kāne ʻoe, hoʻoulu ka FSH i ka hana ʻana o ka sperm. Inā he wahine ʻoe, hoʻoulu ka FSH i nā ovaries e hana i ka estrogen , kahi e kōkua ai i ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ia he hormone gonadotrophic .
• ʻO ka hormone ulu (GH): Kōkua kēia i nā keiki e ulu, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o lākou. I nā pākeke, kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi olakino a kaohi i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona. Hoʻopilikia pū ka GH i kāu metabolism (ke ʻano āu e hoʻololi ai i ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai i ka ikehu).
• ʻO ka hormone Luteinizing (LH): Hoʻoulu i ka ovulation inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ovaries, a hoʻoulu i ka hana testosterone inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā testicles. He hormone gonadotrophic nō hoʻi ʻo LH no ka mea ke kāohi nei i ka hana o nā ovaries a me nā testicles (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he gonads ).
• Prolactin: Hoʻoulu kēia i ka lactation ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka momona a me ka hana moekolohe i nā pākeke.
• ʻO ka hormone hoʻoulu thyroid (TSH): Hoʻoulu ka TSH i kou kelepa thyroid e hana i nā hormones thyroid, e kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i kāu metabolism, nā pae ikehu, a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve .

Nā Hormones mai ka Posterior Lobe

ʻAʻole hana kēia ʻāpana i nā hormones, akā ʻelua mau hormones i hana ʻia e ka hypothalamus e mālama ʻia ma ʻaneʻi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko ke pono.

• ʻO ka hormone Antidiuretic (ADH) a i ʻole vasopressin: Hoʻoponopono kēia hormone i ka nui o ka wai a me ka sodium i loko o kou kino.
• ʻOxytocin: Hana ʻia ka ʻOxytocin e ka hypothalamus a mālama ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka pituitary gland. Kōkua ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hānau ʻana ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona i ka ʻōpū e ʻūlū i ka wā hānau. Kōkua pū ia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka waiū a hoʻolaha i ka pilina ma waena o nā mākua a me nā pēpē. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka ʻOxytocin i ka neʻe ʻana o ka sperm.

He aha nā hana nui o ka pituitary gland?

Ua maopopo paha iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ke koʻikoʻi o kēia gland liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi o kāna mau hana nui:

• Ka ulu ʻana
• ʻO ka Metabolism (ʻo ia hoʻi, pehea ʻoe e hoʻololi ai i ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai i ka ikehu a mālama i kēlā ikehu)
• Hoʻoulu hou ʻana
• Ke pane ʻana i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hōʻeha kino
• Ka hānai ʻana
• Kaulike wai a me ka sodium (paʻakai)
• Ka hānau ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana

E noʻonoʻo i ka thermostat i loko o kou home.Ua like ia me hoʻokahi. Nānā mau ka thermostat i ka mahana i loko o kou home a hana e hoʻomaha iā ʻoe, ʻeā? Hoʻouna ia i nā hōʻailona i ka mea hoʻomehana a me ka mea hoʻoluʻolu e hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha i ka mahana ma kēia nui, e mālama i ka mahana i loko o kou home ma kahi pae.

Ua like kou ʻōpū pituitary me ʻoe, e nānā ana i nā hana a kou kino. Hoʻouna ka ʻōpū pituitary i nā leka i kou mau ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū ma o kāna mau hormones, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, 'Eia ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e hana, i kēia manawa.' ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho kūpono no kou kino e pili ana i nā kumu he nui, e like me kou makahiki a me ke kāne.

He aha ka pilina ma waena o ka hypothalamus a me ka pituitary gland?

Hana pū kāu pituitary gland a me ka hypothalamus e hana i ka Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex . Ua like kēia me ke kikowaena mana nui o kou lolo, e kaohi ana i nā hana koʻikoʻi o kou kino.

ʻO ka hypothalamus ka ʻāpana o kou lolo e kuleana no kekahi o nā hana maʻamau o ke kino. Hoʻouna ia i nā leka i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic , ka mea e kaohi i nā mea e like me ke koko, ka helu o ka puʻuwai, a me ka hanu ʻana. Ke haʻi aku nei hoʻi ia i ka pituitary gland e hana a hoʻokuʻu i nā hormones e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ua pili ka pituitary gland i ka hypothalamus e ke kumu pituitary . Ma o kēia kumu e kamaʻilio ai ka hypothalamus me ka anterior pituitary gland ma o nā hormones a me ka posterior pituitary gland ma o nā impulses nerve. Hoʻopuka pū ʻia ka oxytocin a me ka hormone antidiuretic e ka hypothalamus. ʻO ka hypothalamus ke kuleana no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia mau hormones i ka posterior pituitary gland.

Hoʻopili ka hypothalamus me ka pituitary gland a hoʻoulu iā ia, e hana ana i nā hormones e like me:

• ʻO ka hormone hoʻokuʻu corticotrophin (CRH)
• Dopamine
• ʻO ka hormone hoʻokuʻu gonadotropin (GnRH)
• ʻO ka hormone hoʻokuʻu i ka hormone ulu (GHRH)
• ʻO Somatostatin
• ʻO ka hormone hoʻokuʻu thyrotropin (TRH)

Ma muli o ka hana like ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻelua (hypothalamus a me pituitary), inā ua hōʻino ʻia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana hormonal o kekahi.

Hiki ke ola me ka ʻole o ka pituitary gland?

ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ola me ka ʻole o kou kelepa pituitary, akā no ka hana ʻana pēlā, pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo ka replacement therapy e pani i nā hormones pituitary i nalowale. No ka mea, he mea nui nā hormones pituitary no ka mālama ʻana i nā hana like ʻole i loko o ke kino. Inā pau nā hormones pituitary a waiho ʻole ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

He aha nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka pituitary gland?

Aia kekahi mau kūlana olakino e hoʻopilikia ai a i ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hana o ka pituitary gland. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea i ʻehā mau ʻano nui:

• Nā adenoma pituitary
• Hypopituitarism
• ʻO ka Hyperpituitarism
• ʻO ka maʻi sella hakahaka

E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia me nā kikoʻī hou aku.

Nā Adenoma Pituitary

He ʻano puʻupuʻu maikaʻi kēia e ulu ana i loko o ka ʻōpū pituitary. ʻO nā adenomas pituitary ma kahi o 10% a 15% o nā puʻupuʻu āpau e ulu ana i loko o ka lolo.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ulu nui kēia mau mea. Eia nō naʻe, inā lilo lākou i mea nui loa, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hōʻailona ma ke kaomi ʻana i nā mea kokoke. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke kaomi ma ke aʻalolo optic, e hoʻoulu ai i nā pilikia ʻike (e like me ka nalowale o ka ʻike peripheral). He mea kākaʻikahi loa, hiki i nā adenomas pituitary nui ke kahe ke koko.

Hoʻopuka kekahi mau adenomas pituitary i ka nui o ka hormone pituitary. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he mau adenomas "Functioning/Secreting" . ʻAʻole hana kekahi i kekahi hormone. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he mau adenomas "Non-functioning" .

Aia kekahi mau ʻano adenoma hana, ma muli o ka hormone a lākou e hana ai. ʻO ka adenoma hana maʻamau ka prolactinoma . Hoʻopuka kēia i ka nui o ka prolactin. Hoʻōla pinepine ʻia nā prolactinoma me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO nā ʻōʻō pituitary nui loa a/a i ʻole e hana i nā hormones e pono ai ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ke ʻoki ʻana paha.

Hypopituitarism

He kūlana kēia kahi e hana nui ai kāu pituitary gland i hoʻokahi, he nui, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hormone āpau āna e hana ai.

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka hemahema o hoʻokahi hormone. ʻO ka hemahema o ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā hormones pituitary i kapa ʻia ʻo panhypopituitarism . Hiki ke hana pinepine kēia ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana o ka pituitary a i ʻole ma hope o ka radiation lolo .

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hypopituitarism ka hōʻino ʻia o ka pituitary gland a i ʻole hypothalamus.

Aia kekahi mau maʻi kikoʻī e pili ana i kēia ʻano:

• Ka hemahema o ka hormone ulu: Hana ʻia kēia ke hana ʻole ka pituitary gland i ka hormone ulu lawa (GH). I nā keiki, ua pilikia ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana, a ua lohi ka wā ʻōpiopio. I nā pākeke, loaʻa nā pilikia metabolic.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes insipidus waena:Hana ʻia kēia ke hana ʻole ka pituitary gland i ka nui o ka hormone antidiuretic (ADH). Hoʻokuʻu kēia i ke kino i ka nui o ka mimi a hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka wai.
• ʻO ka hypogonadism waena: Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā ʻaʻole hana ka pituitary gland i ka nui o ka luteinizing hormone (LH) a me ka follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hana moekolohe, ka ulu ʻana, a me ka hānau keiki.
• ʻO ka lawa ʻole o ka adrenal waena: Hana ʻia kēia ke hana ʻole ka pituitary gland i ka ACTH lawa. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hiki ʻole i ke kino ke hana i ka cortisol.
• ʻO ka hypothyroidism waena: Hana ʻia kēia ke hana ʻole ka pituitary gland i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid-stimulating (TSH), e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i nā pae hormone thyroid.

Hoʻōla ʻia ka hypopituitarism ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hormones nele i waho a me ka nānā ʻana i kēlā mau pae ma o nā hoʻāʻo koko.

ʻO ka Hyperpituitarism

He kūlana kēia kahi e hana nui ai kāu kelepa pituitary i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau hormones. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia e kahi adenoma pituitary e hana ana (kahi puʻupuʻu ʻaʻole cancerous).

Aia kekahi mau maʻi kikoʻī e pili ana i kēia ʻano:

• Acromegaly: Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e hana nui ai ka pituitary gland i ka hormone ulu (GH) i ka wā makua. Hoʻonui kēia i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino, e like me nā lima, nā wāwae, a/a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻōpū o loko, a me nā pilikia metabolic.
• Gigantism: Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e hana ai ka pituitary gland i ka nui o ka hormone ulu (GH) i ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole ka wā ʻōpio. Hoʻoulu kēia i ka ulu wikiwiki a me ke kiʻekiʻe nui.
• ʻO ka maʻi Cushing: Hana ʻia kēia ke hana nui ka ACTH o ka pituitary gland (ʻo ia ke kumu o ka nui o ka cortisol o ka adrenal gland). Hiki i kēia ke hoʻonui koke i ke kaumaha ma kekahi mau wahi o ke kino, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 .
• Hyperprolactinemia: Hana ʻia kēia ke hana ka pituitary gland i ka prolactin nui loa. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka momona a me ka hoʻokahe waiū mai nā nipples (galactorrhea) .

ʻO ka maʻi Sella hakahaka

He maʻi laha ʻole ka Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) . Hana ʻia ia i ka wā e palahalaha a emi paha ka pituitary gland ma muli o kahi pilikia me ke ʻano iwi e hoʻopuni ana a pale iā ia, i kapa ʻia ʻo Sella Turcica . He keʻena ʻano noho lio ka Sella Turcica. Loaʻa ia mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina no "noho Turkish."

He hōʻailona radiographic ka cell hakahaka.ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole kēia e lilo i maʻi olakino maoli, a ʻike ʻia ia i ka wā o ka scan.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka ESS ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kaulike ʻole o ka hormonal, nā poʻo pinepine, a me nā loli o ka ʻike. Eia nō naʻe, inā aia nā pae hormone pituitary i loko o ka pae maʻamau, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai.

He aha nā hōʻailona e kū mai ana inā he mau pilikia me ka pituitary gland?

Hiki i nā adenomas pituitary nui (he mau puʻupuʻu ʻaʻole cancerous kēia) ke hoʻokuke a hōʻino paha i nā ʻiʻo kokoke. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me:

• Nā pilikia ʻike (e like me ka nalowale o ka ʻike peripheral)
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻO nā hemahema hormonal i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻonui a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o nā hormones pituitary

Hiki i nā hemahema o ka hormone pituitary ke hana i nā ʻano hōʻailona like ʻole, ma muli o ka hormone i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana:

• Ka ulu lohi a ulu nui paha i nā keiki
• Ka emi ʻana o ka hānau keiki ʻana i nā wāhine a me nā kāne (Infertility)
• Nā pōʻaiapuni menstrual kūpono ʻole
• Piʻi a emi paha ke kaumaha me ke kumu ʻole
• Kaumaha a me/a i ʻole ka hopohopo

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona hou a mau loa, he mea nui loa ia e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea e like me nā hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi e hoʻoholo ai inā he pilikia hormonal a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe kāu mau hōʻailona.

ʻO wai lā kā mākou e haʻi aku ai no kahi pilikia e like me kēia?

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā pilikia o ke kelepa pituitary e nā endocrinologists .

He kauka endocrinologist kahi loea i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka hormone. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā maʻi endocrine (hormonal), hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau a me ka hoʻokele, a kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Inā he pilikia kou i ka pituitary gland, e like me ka pituitary adenoma, e hoʻopilikia ai i nā ʻano o ka lolo a/a i ʻole e pono ai ke ʻoki ʻana, pono paha ʻoe e ʻike i kahi neurosurgeon .

Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i nā pilikia o ka pituitary gland?

Ma muli o ke hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kou gland pituitary i nā hormones i loko o kou koko, ana pinepine nā kauka i nā pae hormone pituitary ma o nā hoʻāʻo koko .

Inā ʻaʻole kūlike kou pae hormone, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi, e like me ka CT scan a i ʻole MRI scan, e ʻike inā he pilikia me ka pituitary gland. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia kahi MRI pituitary kūikawā e ʻike maopopo i ka pituitary gland a me kona kumu.

Pehea mākou e mālama ai i ke olakino o ko mākou pituitary gland?

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ke olakino o kou pituitary gland, ʻo ia ke pale ʻana i kou poʻo. Nā ʻeha poʻo a me nā ʻeha lolo traumatic (TBIs)Hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i kāu kelepa pituitary, e hana ana i ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā hormones.

Eia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku i nā ʻeha poʻo a me ka lolo:

• E kau i ke kāʻei noho i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e noho ai i loko o ke kaʻa.
• E kalaiwa me ka palekana.
• E komo i ka mahiole i ka wā e holo paikikala ai, mokokaikala, a i ʻole e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki e pili ana i ka hoʻopā ʻana.
• E hana i nā hana e pale aku ai i ka hāʻule ʻana, ʻoiai inā ʻoe i ka pilikia nui no ka hāʻule ʻana. Hoʻokomo pū kēia me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika a me ke kaulike, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea keakea a me nā mea pahee i loko o kou home, ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea kōkua hele wāwae, a me ka nānā ʻana i kou ʻike.
• Inā he mau keiki liʻiliʻi kāu, e hoʻolilo i nā wahi e noho ai lākou a e pāʻani palekana.

I ka manawa hea e ʻike ai ʻoe i ke kauka e pili ana i ka pituitary gland?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka adenoma pituitary a/a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona o ka nele o ka hormonal, he mea nui loa ia e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai inā he hewa kekahi mea me kāu gland pituitary.

Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha nui o ka lolo (Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , e nānā paha kāu kauka i ka hana o kāu pituitary gland e ʻike inā e hana pono ana ia a inā ua hōʻino ʻia e ka ʻeha.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, eia nā mea e pono ai mākou e hoʻomanaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home):

He ʻāpana liʻiliʻi maoli kou pituitary gland, akā he ikaika ia e kaohi ana i nā kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi he nui i loko o kou kino holoʻokoʻa! Ua like ia me kahi 'luna' liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻopuka ia i nā hormones e kāohi i nā mea he nui, me kou ulu ʻana, ka ʻai ʻana, ka hānau keiki ʻana, a me ke ʻano o kou hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaumaha. No laila, he mea nui loa ka mālama ʻana i kēia gland liʻiliʻi i ke olakino.

• E mālama i kou poʻo: e komo i ka mahiole, e noho palekana.
• E makaʻala i nā hōʻailona ʻē: E haʻi i ke kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻeha poʻo mau, nā pilikia ʻike, nā loli kaumaha koke, a i ʻole ka luhi nui.
• Mai hopohopo: ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pilikia o ke kelepa pituitary he mau lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi. Inā ʻike mua ʻia, hiki ke mālama maikaʻi ʻia.

Ua ʻike nui ʻoe i kēia manawa e pili ana i kēia ʻāpana liʻiliʻi kupaianaha o kou kino. Inā he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka. E noho olakino!

ʻO ke kelepa pituitary, nā hormones, ka lolo, ka ʻōnaehana endocrine, nā maʻi pituitary, hypothalamus, ka hormone ulu