E kamaʻilio kikoʻī kākou e pili ana i ka mea huna hohonu loa o kou ʻili: Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue)!

Aloha! Pehea ʻoe? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i kahi mea nui e pili ana i ko mākou ʻili. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻaʻole wale kou ʻili ka papa waho āu e ʻike ai, akā aia kekahi mau papa ʻē aʻe i loko? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i ka papa ma lalo o kēlā mau papa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka papa i loko o ke kino. Kāhea nā kauka i kēia he hypodermis . Kāhea kekahi iā ia he ʻiʻo subcutaneous . No laila, e nānā kākou i ke ʻano o ka lawelawe a kēia hypodermis e hāʻawi ai i ko mākou kino?

He aha maoli ka hypodermis? He aha nā papa o ko kākou ʻili?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, e noʻonoʻo i kou ʻili e like me kahi hale ʻekolu papa.

• ʻEpidermis: ʻO kēia ka papa luna. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai a hoʻopā ai. ʻO kēia ka papa e pale mua iā mākou mai nā mea e pili ana i ke kaiapuni.
• ʻO Dermis: ʻO kēia ka papa waena, ma lalo o ka epidermis. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea he nui, e like me nā kīʻaha koko, nā hopena aʻalolo, a me nā ʻōpū hou.
• Hypodermis: ʻĀ, ʻo ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio nei i kēia lā aia ma lalo pono o kēia mau papa ʻelua, ma loko pono o ke kino. ʻO kēia ka papa hohonu loa a me ka ʻaoʻao loa o ka ʻili.

I kēia manawa, ua maopopo iā ʻoe kahi o ka hypodermis? ʻAe, e nānā kākou i nā lawelawe a kēia papa lalo e hāʻawi ai i ko kākou kino.

He aha nā hana a ka hypodermis i loko o ko mākou kino?

Nui nā lawelawe a kēia hypodermis e hāʻawi ai i ko mākou kino. E nānā kākou i nā mea nui.

• Pilina: E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ʻaʻole kou ʻili he mea wale nō i kau ʻia ma luna o kou kino. Pono e pili i nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi i loko o kou kino. Hana ʻia kēlā pilina e ka hypodermis, ka mea e paʻa ana i ka papa waena o kou ʻili (dermis) i nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi.

• Palekana: E like me kā mākou ʻōwili ʻana iā mākou iho i loko o kahi kapa moe e pale aku iā mākou iho mai ke anu, hana ka hypodermis ma ke ʻano he pale kūlohelohe no ko mākou kino. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻemi ia i ka nalowale o ka wela o ke kino a pale iā mākou mai ke anu. ʻO ia ke kumu e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ko mākou kino ma kahi pae mau.

• Ke pale ʻana i kou kino: He mea nui loa kēia. E noʻonoʻo inā hāʻule ʻoe i kahi wahi a paʻi paha i kahi mea, ʻo ka haʻalulu e hana ʻia a laila hana ia e like me kahi 'shock absorber' e omo iā ia me ka ʻole e hele pololei i nā ʻōpū, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā iwi i loko. Eia kekahi, pale ia i nā ʻiʻo ma lalo o ko mākou ʻili mai ka hamo ʻana kekahi i kekahi a me ke kumu ʻana i nā ʻeha. ʻO kēia hypodermis ka mea e kōkua ai i nā mea ma lalo o ka ʻili e neʻe mālie a me ka maʻalahi.

• Ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu: Pono ko kākou kino i ka ikehu e hana. ʻO ka hypodermis kahi e mālama ʻia ai kēlā ikehu. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano cell kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo adipocytes.Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau hunaola momona. Mālama kēia mau hunaola momona i ka ikehu keu ma ke ʻano he momona a hoʻokuʻu iā ia iā mākou i ka wā e pono ai.

E nānā i ka nui o ka hana a kēia papa liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hana!

He aha ka mea i loko o ka papa hypodermis?

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i ka mea i loko o kēia papa i kapa ʻia ʻo hypodermis. Ua hana ʻia ia me nā mea like ʻole.

• ʻIʻo adipose: E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo ka hypodermis ka mea i hana nui ʻia me ka ʻiʻo adipose. Hana nui ʻia kēia me nā hunaola momona i kapa ʻia ʻo adipocytes . ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana nui e hāʻawi i ka wela a mālama i ka ikehu no ke kino.

• Nā kīʻaha koko: ʻO kēia nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO kēia nā aʻa, nā capillaries, a me nā veins e holo ana ma o ka hypodermis. ʻO kēia nā mea e lawe i ke koko ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻolako ana i ka oxygen a me nā meaʻai i nā ʻōpū koʻikoʻi, a e wehe ana i nā huahana ʻōpala mai nā cell.

• Bursa: He inoa ʻē kēia, ʻeā? He ʻeke liʻiliʻi a pahee ka bursa i piha i kahi wai wai. Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau mea ma kahi e hamo ai nā iwi, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā ʻiʻo kekahi i kekahi. Hana lākou e like me kahi uluna, e pale ana i nā ʻāpana mai ka hamo ʻana kekahi i kekahi a me ke kumu ʻeha a me ka ʻaʻahu. Ke nui aku ma mua o hoʻokahi bursa, ua kapa ʻia lākou he bursae .

• ʻIʻo hoʻohui: He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Hana ʻia kēia ʻiʻo hoʻohui i ʻelua ʻano protein i kapa ʻia ʻo collagen a me elastin . ʻO kēia nā mea e hoʻopili ai i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kino, hāʻawi iā lākou i ke kākoʻo, a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka hypodermis. E like me nā paia o ka hale.

• Nā Fibroblast: ʻO kēia ke ʻano nui o nā cell i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻiʻo hoʻopili. Hoʻopuka kēia mau cell fibroblast i kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo collagen. He mea nui loa ka Collagen no ka ikaika a me ka elasticity o ka ʻili.

• Nā kīʻaha lymphatic: Ua like kēia me kahi ʻōnaehana o nā paipu e wehe i nā ʻōpala mai ko mākou kino. He pūnaewele kēia o nā kīʻaha nui iki, e like me nā capillaries (microvessels). Hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka lymph , kahi wai i loaʻa nā ʻōpala a me nā mea ʻawahia e hōʻiliʻili ana i loko o nā ʻiʻo, kānana iā ia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia, a hoʻihoʻi iā ia i ka ʻōnaehana koko.

• Nā Macrophages: Ua like kēia me nā kiaʻi palekana o ke kino. He ʻano koko keʻokeʻo lākou. ʻO kā lākou hana ka hopu a luku i nā microorganisms, e like me nā bacteria a me nā virus, e komo i loko o ke kino.

• Nā aʻalolo:ʻO nā aʻalolo ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio ʻike o ko kākou kino. Lawe kēia mau aʻalolo i ka ʻike mai ka lolo i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino a mai nā ʻāpana o ke kino a i ka lolo ma o nā hōʻailona uila. ʻO kēia ʻōnaehana aʻalolo ka mea e hoʻomalu iā kākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā manaʻo (nā mea a kākou e manaʻo ai, nā mea a kākou e ʻike ai) mai ko kākou wahi a puni a pane iā lākou. Hoʻolaha ʻia kēia mau olonā aʻalolo ma loko o ka hypodermis.

He aha ke kuleana o ka hypodermis? Ua like anei ia ma nā wahi āpau?

E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, me nā papa ʻelua ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili (epidermis a me dermis), ʻo ke kuleana nui o kēia hypodermis ka pale ʻana i ko mākou ʻōnaehana iwi, nā ʻōpū o loko, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe mai nā pōʻino like ʻole.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka mānoanoa o kēia hypodermis ma nā wahi āpau o kou kino. He ʻokoʻa ia mai kēlā wahi a i kēia wahi. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻiʻo momona ma muli o ka mana o nā hormones a me nā genetics .

Eia kekahi laʻana, inā nui loa ka testosterone o kekahi (he hormone kāne nui), e mānoanoa paha ko lākou hypodermis ma nā wahi e like me ko lākou ʻōpū, nā lima, ke kua i lalo, a me nā poʻohiwi.

Eia kekahi, mānoanoa ka papa momona i loko o ka hypodermis ma nā wahi e like me nā puʻupuʻu, nā pūhaka, a me nā ʻūhā o ka poʻe me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hormone estrogen (kahi hormone wahine nui).

He aha ke kala a me ka nui o ka hypodermis?

• Waihoʻoluʻu: He melemele pinepine ke kala o ka hypodermis. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā hunaola momona i loko. Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻokoʻa kēia kala melemele mai ka melemele māmā a i ka melemele ʻeleʻele ma muli o ka nui o ka pigment i kapa ʻia ʻo carotene . ʻO Carotene kahi mea a mākou e ʻai ai i nā meaʻai e like me ke kāloti a me ka ʻuala.

• Nui/Mānoanoa: E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o kēia mai kēlā wahi a i kēia wahi ma ke kino. He lahilahi loa nā wahi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hypodermis ma kou mau lihilihi maka a puni kou mau ʻōpū waho he emi paha ma mua o hoʻokahi milimita ka mānoanoa. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi e like me kou ʻōpū a me kou puʻupuʻu, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o 3 kenimika (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻīniha).

He aha nā maʻi a me nā kūlana maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hypodermis?

E like me nā ʻōkana ʻē aʻe, aia nā maʻi a me nā kūlana like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hypodermis. Eia kekahi o lākou:

• Nā ʻeha moe / nā ʻōpū paʻi: Ke noho ʻoe ma ke kūlana like no ka manawa lōʻihi, e emi ana ke kahe o ke koko i ka ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo ma lalo o nā wahi i kau ʻia ai ke kaumaha o ke kino, e hana ana i nā ʻōpū. Inā hohonu kēia mau mea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia i ka hypodermis.
• Hypothermia: He hāʻule weliweli kēia o ka mahana o ke kino. Hiki ke hana kēia ma muli o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā wahi anu. Kōkua ka papa momona i loko o ka hypodermis i ka mālama ʻana i ke kino i ka mehana, no laila ma kēia kūlana, ua pilikia kēlā kaʻina hana.
• ʻO ka panniculitis:He mumū kēia o ka papa momona o ka hypodermis. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā puʻupuʻu ʻeha ma lalo o ka ʻili.
• ʻO Sarcoidosis: He maʻi kēia kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai nā hunaola mumū liʻiliʻi (granulomas) ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino. I kekahi manawa hoʻopilikia pū ia i ka hypodermis.
• ʻO ke kuni ʻana o ke kekelē ʻekolu: Inā pili ka ʻā ʻana i nā papa ʻekolu o ka ʻili, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka epidermis, dermis, a me ka hypodermis, he kuni ʻana o ke kekelē ʻekolu ia. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia.
• Nā Tumors: Hiki ke loaʻa nā maʻi ʻōpū maikaʻi a me nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻino i loko o ka hypodermis.

ʻO kekahi mea nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ʻia i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana. ʻElemakule kākou a pau. A laila hoʻomaka ko kākou hypodermis e lahilahi. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua emi ka nui o ka momona a me nā ʻiʻo pili i loko. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia? I ka nāwaliwali ʻana o nā ʻiʻo pili e hoʻopili ai i ka dermis i nā ʻiʻo, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā iwi, hoʻomaka ka ʻili e palupalu a ʻāwili. I kekahi manawa hiki i ka ʻili ke maloʻo.

He aha nā hōʻailona o kahi pilikia e pili ana i ka hypodermis?

Inā he maʻi e pili ana i ka hypodermis, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau e hōʻike ana iā ia:

• Nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻili, a i ʻole nā ​​loli i ke ʻano, ke kala, a i ʻole ka nui o nā kiko a i ʻole nā ​​puʻupuʻu i loaʻa ma mua.
• Ua emi ke kahe o ke koko i kahi o ka ʻili (hiki ke anu ke ʻano o ka ʻili a loli ke kala).
• ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻeha hāmama i hohonu loa a ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana hypodermis.
• Ua emi ka hou ʻana e like me ka mea maʻamau.
• E like me kekahi mau mea i kuni ʻia, e keʻokeʻo a ʻā paha ka ʻili (ʻeleʻele), a ʻaʻohe paha ʻeha ma ia wahi (ma muli paha kēia o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ke aʻalolo).

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia e nānā i ke olakino o ka hypodermis?

E hana mua kāu kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. E nīnau lākou e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​e nānā i kou ʻili, a loaʻa kahi manaʻo maʻamau inā he pilikia. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua e like me:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Hiki i kēia ke ʻike i ke alo o nā allergens, nā maʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe.
• Biopsy: Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili (laʻana) mai kahi wahi kānalua a nānā iā ia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā he mau maʻi, nā maʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele kanesa.

Inā kānalua ʻia he maʻi ʻili, e like me ka melanoma , pono paha ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi kūikawā ʻē aʻe, e like me ka CT scan a i ʻole MRI scan, e ʻike ai inā ua pālahalaha aku i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi e pili ana i ka hypodermis?

Aia kekahi mau ala e mālama ai i nā maʻi a me nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hypodermis. Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka maʻi.

• Debridement: He huaʻōlelo ʻano ʻē kēia. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana o ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻiʻo make a hōʻino ʻia mai kahi ʻeha. ʻO ka hana ʻole ʻana pēlā e hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ho'ōla ʻana a alakaʻi i ka maʻi. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia ʻiʻo make me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nalu ultrasound , nā lasers , ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a i kekahi manawa ke ʻoki liʻiliʻi.

• Nā mea hoʻopihapiha ʻili: He ʻano inikini kēia i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o ka ʻili i nalowale i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana, i ka wā e ʻūlū ai ka ʻili a ʻike ʻia nā wrinkles. Hoʻopilikia pū lākou i ka hypodermis i kekahi ʻano. No ka laʻana , hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa hyaluronic ( e.g. Juvederm®), ka waikawa polylactic (e.g. Sculptra™), a i ʻole polyalkylimide (e.g. Aquamid™) no kēia kumu. He manawa pōkole kēia a pono e hana hou ʻia ma hope o kekahi manawa.

• Nā kāpili ʻili: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ke hōʻino nui ʻia ka ʻili ma muli o nā kuni nui, nā ʻeha nui, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpū ʻaʻole e ho'ōla a ʻaʻole hiki ke ho'ōla iā ia iho. Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi papa lahilahi o ka ʻili mai kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino (ʻo ka ʻūhā pinepine) a hoʻopili iā ia i ka wahi i hōʻino ʻia.

• Nā pani ʻili: I kekahi manawa, ke hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kou ʻili ponoʻī, a i ʻole ke pono ʻoe i ka ʻili no kahi wahi nui loa, hoʻohana ʻia nā pani ʻili. Aia kekahi mau ʻano o kēia:
• Allograft: Nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo i lawe ʻia mai kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe (pinepine i kahi mea hāʻawi make).
• Xenograft: Nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo i lawe ʻia mai kahi holoholona (e.g., he puaʻa).
• ʻIli synthetic: ʻIli i hana ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua mai nā molekala a me nā polymers nonbiological.

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no nā poʻe me nā ʻeha hohonu, nā kuni, a me nā maʻi.

• Ke hoʻomehana nei i kou kino: ʻO kēia ka hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i ka hypothermia . Pono ʻoe e hoʻoneʻe koke i kahi kanaka i kahi mehana a maloʻo, wehe i nā lole pulu, a hoʻokomo iā lākou i nā lole maloʻo a mehana. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i kāu kauka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā wai mehana ma o ka laina IV (intravenous) . Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka oxygen mehana ma o kahi mask a i ʻole ka paipu hanu.

He aha kā mākou e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o ka hypodermis?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano nohona maʻalahi e hiki ai iā kākou ke hahai e mālama i kēia papa koʻikoʻi o ko kākou ʻili i ke olakino.

• E mālama pono i nā ʻeha: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. E holoi pono me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ke kopa. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi. A laila, e hoʻohana i kahi pōpō pulupulu e hanaE hoʻopili i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka petroleum jelly (e.g. Vaseline™) a i ʻole kahi poni pale ʻili (e.g. Aquaphor™) i ka ʻeha a uhi iā ia me kahi kāʻei maʻemaʻe. E kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka lepo a me nā germs.

• E pale i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lā: ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka manawa nui i ka lā no kou ʻili. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i nā papa o kou ʻili, hoʻolalelale i ka ʻelemakule, a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi ʻili. No laila, e hoʻohana i kahi sunscreen me ka liʻiliʻi o SPF (Sun Protection Factor) 30 ke hele ʻoe i waho. Eia kekahi, e ʻaʻahu i ka pāpale a me nā lole lima lōʻihi. Mai poina e hoʻopili hou i ka sunscreen i kēlā me kēia mau hola.

• E hana i nā hana e pale aku iā ʻoe iho mai nā kuni: Aia kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ke kuni ʻana i ka wā e hana ana a puni ka hale a i ʻole ma ka lumi kuke.
• E mālama i ka mahana o ka mea hoʻomehana wai o kou home ma lalo o 48-49 Celsius (120 Fahrenheit).
• I ka wā e kuke ai, e hoʻohana i nā mea kuni ma ke kua o ke kapuahi i ka hiki (ʻoi aku hoʻi inā he mau keiki liʻiliʻi ma ka home).
• Mai hoʻā i ke kapuahi a laila hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻolohe ʻole ʻana iā ia.
• E mālama i nā kemika, nā mea hoʻomāke, a me nā mākā i kahi hiki ʻole i nā keiki liʻiliʻi ke loaʻa.

• E hoʻomehana i kou kino: He mea nui kēia e pale aku i ke kūlana weliweli i kapa ʻia ʻo hypothermia .
• E ʻaʻahu i nā lole mahana i ke anuanu.
• E hoʻāʻo e mālama i ka mahana ma ka home ma lalo o 20 Celsius (68 Fahrenheit).
• Ke anu ʻoe, mai noho ma kahi hoʻokahi, e neʻe iki a puni, a e hoʻomau i kou kino i ka hana.
• Inā ʻoe e hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui ma waho i ke kau anuanu, e hele pinepine mai i loko e hoʻomehana iki.

Inā ʻoe e mālama i kēia mau mea maʻalahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kou ʻili hypodermis, akā, i kou ʻili holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

No laila, i kēia manawa ua maopopo iā ʻoe ke koʻikoʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi o kēia hypodermis a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo subcutaneous i ko mākou ʻili. ʻAʻole ia he papa momona wale nō. He nui nā pono a me nā hana no ko mākou kino.

Hana ka hypodermis i nā hana koʻikoʻi he nui , e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi ma lalo o ka ʻili, ka pale ʻana iā mākou mai ke anu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela o ke kino, a me ka pale ʻana i ko mākou mau kino o loko mai nā pōʻino a me nā haʻalulu like ʻole .

ʻOiai he mea maoli ia no kēia hypodermis e lahilahi i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana, e hopena ana i ka ʻili palupalu a me nā wrinkles, hiki iā kākou ke kāohi i kēia mau kūlana i kekahi ʻano ma o ka hahai ʻana i kahi nohona olakino a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama pono i ka ʻili. Inā pono, aia kekahi mau pono i kēia lā e hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano nalowale o ka ʻili i kekahi ʻano me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā dermal fillers ma lalo o ke aʻo lapaʻau.

No laila, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kēia hoaaloha hohonu loa, akā ʻo ka mea makamae loa o kou ʻili. E hāʻawi iā ia i ka mālama e pono ai. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka ʻili olakino a nani no ka manawa lōʻihi!

ʻO ka hypodermis, ka ʻiʻo subcutaneous, nā papa ʻili, ke olakino ʻili, ka ʻiʻo adipose, ka pale ʻili, nā maʻi ʻili