E aʻo hou kākou e pili ana i ka insulin. No ke aha he mea nui ia no ko kākou kino?

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo insulin, ʻeā? Malia paha inā loaʻa kekahi o kou ʻohana i ka maʻi diabetes, a inā paha he maʻi diabetes ʻoe iho, ua kamaʻāina loa kēia inoa. No laila, he aha ka insulin? No ke aha he mea nui ia no ko mākou kino? E kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i ia mea, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha ka insulin? He aha kāna hana?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hormone ka insulin i hana maoli ʻia i loko o ko kākou kino. Hana ʻia ia e kahi ʻōkana i kapa ʻia ʻo ko kākou pancreas. ʻO ka hana nui o ka insulin ke kōkua i nā ʻāpana o ko kākou kino e hoʻohana i ke kō, a i ʻole ka glucose ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau, mai ka meaʻai a kākou e ʻai ai ma ke ʻano he ikehu.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, ua like nā pūnaewele i loko o ko kākou kino me nā hale liʻiliʻi. Pono kēia mau hale i ka ikehu e hana. Loaʻa kēlā ikehu mai ka glucose. Eia naʻe, i mea e komo ai kēia glucose i loko o nā hale i kapa ʻia he mau pūnaewele, pono ia i kahi kī e wehe ai i ka puka. ʻO kēlā kī ka insulin. Ke wehe ka insulin i nā puka o nā pūnaewele, hele ka glucose i loko o ke koko i loko o nā pūnaewele a hoʻololi ʻia i ikehu.

I kēia manawa ua maopopo iā ʻoe ke koʻikoʻi o ka insulin, ʻeā? Inā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole hana pono kā mākou pancreas i ka insulin, a inā ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke hoʻohana pono i ka insulin āna e hana ai, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā glucose ke komo i loko o nā cell. A laila ʻo ka mea e hana ʻia, ʻo ia ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae glucose i loko o ke koko. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he kō koko kiʻekiʻe (hyperglycemia) . Inā hoʻomau kēia kūlana, e kū mākou i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi diabetes.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano insulin i hāʻawi ʻia ma waho e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes. E kūkākūkā mākou i kēlā ma hope.

Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka insulin i nā pae kō koko a hoʻonui paha?

ʻAe, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka insulin i kou pae kō koko. ʻO ia kāna hana nui. Akā hana ko mākou kino ma ke ʻano ʻē loa. Aia kekahi hormone ʻē aʻe e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae kō koko i ke kaulike, a ʻo ia ka glucagon. ʻOiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana ka insulin i ke kō koko, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka glucagon i nā pae kō koko i ka wā e pono ai. Hana pū kēia mau hormones ʻelua e mālama i ko mākou pae kō koko i kahi pae olakino.

Eia nō naʻe, ke lawe ʻoe i ka insulin ma waho e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi diabetes, i kekahi manawa inā ʻoe e lawe ma mua o ka nui e pono ai, hiki i kou pae kō koko ke hāʻule haʻahaʻa loa. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hypoglycemia . Inā hana kēia, pono ʻoe e ʻai a inu paha i kekahi kō koke e hoʻoponopono ai. Aia kekahi mau inikini glucagon e hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia inā hāʻule nui kou kō koko. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia.

Ma hea kahi i hana ʻia ai ka insulin?

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, hana ʻia ka insulin i loko o kā mākou pancreas. ʻOi aku ka pololei, e nā pūnaewele beta i loko o nā hui kūikawā o nā pūnaewele i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mokupuni o Langerhans i loko o ka pancreas.Hana ʻia kēia hormone insulin e ka pancreas. He hana endocrine kēia. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia ka insulin i hana ʻia i loko o ke koko.

He hana ʻē aʻe ko ka pancreas, ʻo ia ka exocrine , ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā enzymes ma o nā ducts e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai.

He aha nā kūlana olakino e hiki ke pili me ka insulin?

Inā paha e emi maoli ana, e piʻi ana, a i ʻole e hana pono ʻole ana ka insulin i loko o ke kino, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.

Nā kūlana maʻi diabetes e kū mai ana inā ʻaʻole lawa ka insulin

Inā ʻaʻole hana pono ka insulin, piʻi aʻe ke kō koko, a laila e alakaʻi i ka maʻi diabetes. Hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi diabetes e ka hōʻino ʻana i ka pancreas:

• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 1: He maʻi autoimmune kēia. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hoʻouka kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī i nā cell beta e hana ana i ka insulin. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua aneane nalowale ka hana kūlohelohe o ke kino i ka insulin.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 3c (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he maʻi diabetes pancreatogenic): Hana ʻia kēia ke hōʻino ʻia ka pancreas a ʻaʻole hana hou i ka insulin. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia kūlana e nā kūlana e like me ka pancreatitis mau loa a me ka cystic fibrosis . Hiki nō hoʻi ke hana ʻia ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka pancreas ma ke ʻoki ʻana (pancreatectomy).
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes autoimmune latent i nā pākeke (LADA): Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e kahi hopena autoimmune, e like me ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Eia nō naʻe, lohi ka ulu ʻana. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka LADA i nā poʻe ma luna o 30 mau makahiki.

Nā kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kū'ē ʻana o ka insulin

ʻO kēia kekahi kumu nui o ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana o ka insulin ke pane pono ʻole ko mākou mau ʻiʻo, momona, a me nā hunaola ate i ka insulin. Ua like ia me ke kī i loko o ka laka puka e hana ʻole ana. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā kūlana e like me:

• Prediabetes: He kūlana kēia kahi i ʻoi aku ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko ma mua o ka maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole i lawa ke kiʻekiʻe e kapa ʻia he maʻi diabetes type 2. ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana o ka insulin ke kumu nui.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2: Hiki mai kēia ʻano ke piʻi ka pale ʻana o ka insulin a hiki i kahi e hiki ʻole ai i ka pancreas ke kaohi iā ia, e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko.
• Maʻi diabetes hāpai:He kūlana kēia e hiki ke ulu i ka wā hāpai. Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo nā hormones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka placenta ke kumu o ke kū'ē ʻana o ka insulin. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka pancreas ke lanakila i kēia kū'ē, ulu ka maʻi diabetes gestational. Eia naʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine kēia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi ʻano maʻi diabetes genetic i kapa ʻia ʻo Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) . Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēia he monogenic diabetes . Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi mutation genetic i hoʻoili ʻia ma o nā hanauna a hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ka insulin.

ʻO kahi kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nui o ka insulin

ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu kakaikahi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo insulinoma hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pancreas e hana i ka nui o ka insulin. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i ka haʻahaʻa pinepine ʻana o ke kō koko, i kekahi manawa koʻikoʻi. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia kēia mau insulinomas me ke ʻoki ʻana.

He aha nā ʻano insulin i loaʻa no ka maʻi diabetes?

Nui nā ʻano insulin i loaʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. Loaʻa ka hapa nui i ke ʻano injectable - ma o ka nila, ka peni a i ʻole ka pamu. Aia kekahi mau insulin inhaled. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, e hoʻoholo kāu kauka i ke ʻano a me ka nui kūpono iā ʻoe. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui e like me ka mea e pono ai.

Ua māhele nui ʻia nā ʻano insulin ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ko lākou hopena a me ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau ʻana i loko o ke kino .

• ʻInisulina hana wikiwiki: Hoʻomaka kēia ʻano ʻinisulina e hana i loko o 5-20 mau minuke a mau no kahi o 3-5 mau hola. Hana maikaʻi ia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana. ʻO ka ʻinisulina glulisine kekahi o kēia mau ʻano. Hāʻule pū ka ʻinisulina hanu ʻia i loko o kēia māhele. Lawe pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana.
• ʻInisinu maʻamau a i ʻole ka ʻinisinu hana pōkole: ʻO kēia mau mea ʻo Novolin R® lāua ʻo Humulin R® . Hoʻomaka lākou e hana i loko o 30-45 mau minuke o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana a mau no kahi o 5-8 mau hola. ʻO ko lākou kiʻekiʻe loa ma 2-4 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana.
• ʻInisulina hana waena: ʻElua hola ka lōʻihi o kēia ʻano e hoʻomaka ai e hana. Hana maikaʻi ia ma waena o 4 a me 12 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana. He 14-24 mau hola ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka Isophane insulin (NPH) kekahi o kēia mau ʻano.
• ʻInsulina lōʻihi: ʻO kēia ʻano insulin e lawe ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola e hiki ai i ke kahe koko a hoʻomaka e hana. Hana maikaʻi ia ma waena o 3 a me 14 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana. He mau ia ma kahi o hoʻokahi lā. ʻO ka insulin glargine kahi laʻana o kēia ʻano.
• ʻInsulin hana lōʻihi loa: ʻEono hola ka lōʻihi o kēia ʻano insulin e hiki ai i ke koko a noho mau i ka pae like no kekahi mau hola (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e piʻi i ka manawa hoʻokahi). He ʻelua lā ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka insulin degludec kekahi o kēia mau ʻano.

Mea nui: E hahai mau i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka no ke ʻano, ka nui, a me ke ʻano o ka insulin i kuhikuhi ʻia nou. Mai hoʻololi i kāu nui o ka insulin me ka ʻole o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me ke kauka.

Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao o ka mālama ʻana i ka insulin?

ʻO ka pilikia maʻamau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau insulin ka haʻahaʻa o ke kō koko (hypoglycemia) i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lawe ʻana i ka nui o ka insulin.

Ma waho aʻe o kēlā, aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e hiki pinepine ʻole mai:

• Nā hopena ʻili ma nā wahi inikini insulin: Ke inikini pinepine ʻia ka insulin i loko o ka wahi hoʻokahi, hiki i ka momona ke hōʻiliʻili ma lalo o ka ʻili, e hana ana i nā puʻupuʻu. A i ʻole, hiki i ka momona ke haki a hana i nā lua i loko o ka ʻili. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he lipodystrophy kūloko . Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka omo ʻana o ka insulin. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e hoʻololi pinepine i nā wahi inikini insulin.
• ʻO ka hopena maʻi i ka insulin: Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i kahi hopena maʻi i kekahi ʻano insulin. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka ʻeha, ka wela, a laila ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili, ka maneʻo, a me ka pehu a puni ka wahi i inikini ʻia no kekahi mau hola.
• Nā antibodies insulin: Kākaʻikahi loa, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa iki ka insulin i hāʻawi ʻia ma waho mai ka insulin maoli i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino, hiki i ko mākou kino ke hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē iā ia. Hiki i kēia mau antibodies ke pale i ka insulin i hāʻawi ʻia ma waho mai ka hana pono ʻana. I kēia hihia, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i nā nui nui o ka insulin.

ʻEhia nā wahi maikaʻi loa e hoʻokomo ai i ka insulin?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i ka insulin i loko o kekahi mau wahi o kou kino. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo nā wahi maikaʻi loa e hoʻokomo ai i ka insulin ʻo ia nā wahi i loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka momona (ʻiʻo adipose). Eia kēia mau mea:

• Kou ʻōpū - akā ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 ʻīniha (5 kenimika) ka mamao mai kou piko.
• ʻO ke alo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻaoʻao o kou mau ʻūhā.
• Ke kua o kou mau lima luna.
• Ka piko o kou puʻupuʻu.

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i nā wahi āu e hoʻokomo ai i ka insulin e pale aku i nā pilikia ʻili. Inā ʻoe e hoʻokomo i hoʻokahi wahi i kēia lā, e hoʻokomo iā ia ma kahi ʻē aʻe i ka lā aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kāu loea mālama maʻi diabetes a me ka hoʻonaʻauao a i ʻole kauka no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia.

Aia kekahi mea e like me ka pae insulin maʻamau?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe "maʻamau" no nā pae insulin. ʻO kēia no ka mea he ʻokoʻa nā kānaka a pau, a hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa kāu mau pono insulin mai kēlā hola a kēia hola i ka lā. Aia kekahi mau mea e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kāu mau pae insulin:

• ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai (ʻoiai nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā kalapona).
• I ka manawa e ʻai ai ʻoe a me ka pinepine o kāu ʻai ʻana .
• Kou pae hana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻoikaika kino āu e hana ai (no ka laʻana, cardio a i ʻole ka hāpai kaumaha).
• Inā maʻi ʻoe a i ʻole ma lalo o ke kaumaha .
• Ua ala ʻoe a ua hiamoe paha?
• ʻO nā ʻano hormones ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me corticosteroids .

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe hoʻāʻo maʻamau e nānā wale i kāu pae insulin. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, nānā ʻia nā pae kō koko.

Pono anei ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 i ka insulin?

ʻAʻole pono nā kānaka a pau me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, akā, aia kekahi poʻe, i ka insulin e mālama pono ai i ka maʻi.

Nui nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi diabetes type 2. No ka laʻana, nā pila waha a me nā inikini agonist GLP-1 . Hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hakakā i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka insulin ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, inā koʻikoʻi ke kū'ē ʻana o ka insulin, ʻaʻole lawa paha kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō e mālama i ke olakino o ke kō koko. ʻO ia ka manawa e pono ai ka insulin.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e hiki ai i ke kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes ke ola me ka ʻole o ka insulin?

Pono ke kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes e hilinaʻi ana i ka insulin i ka insulin exogenous e ola ai. Me ka ʻole o ia mea, hiki ke ulu kahi pilikia weliweli i kapa ʻia ʻo Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) .

He pilikia koke a koʻikoʻi ka DKA. Hiki ke ulu i loko o 24 mau hola. Hiki ke ulu wikiwiki aʻe inā ʻoe e luaʻi ana. He mea nui e kāhea i ke kauka a hele paha i ka haukapila i ka wā e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o DKA. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i ka DKA ke make.

Nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

No laila, ua maopopo paha iā ʻoe i kēia manawa he hormone koʻikoʻi ka insulin e kōkua i ko mākou kino e noho olakino a hana pono.

• He hormone kūlohelohe ka insulin i hana ʻia e ko kākou pancreas. Kōkua ia i ka lawe ʻana i ke kō (glucose) mai ke koko i loko o nā ʻāpana a hana i ka ikehu.
• Inā ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke hana i ka insulin lawa a hoʻohana pono paha, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i ka insulin o waho e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi diabetes.
• Inā ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka insulin iā ʻoe, e hoʻohana pono ia e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.E hahai pono i ka lāʻau, ka manawa, a me ka wahi i hoʻokomo ʻia.
• Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia (e laʻa, ka hou ʻana, ka haʻalulu, ka nāwaliwali, ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai), e lawe koke i ke kō.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (e.g., makewai nui, mimi pinepine, nausea, luaʻi, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, ʻala hanu hua) , e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

He mea nui loa ka mālama ʻana i kou olakino. Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka insulin a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka.

ʻInsulina , maʻi diabetes, kō koko, pancreas, hormones, mālama maʻi diabetes, nā ʻano insulin