ʻO ke kiʻi e nānā ana i ka wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī o kāu pēpē: Nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka Nuchal Translucency!

Inā he makuahine hāpai ʻoe, ua haʻi aku paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe e pili ana i kēia scan i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Nuchal Translucency'. Ua lohe paha ʻoe e pili ana i ia mea mai kahi hoaaloha. He aha maoli kēia scan? He aha kāna e nānā ai? Pono anei e hana ʻia? He nui paha kāu mau nīnau e like me kēia. Mai hopohopo, e wehewehe mākou i nā mea āpau ma ke ʻano maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha ka Nuchal Translucency?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka nuchal translucency kahi scan ultrasound kūikawā i hana ʻia i ka trimester mua o kou hāpai ʻana. Nānā maoli ia i ka mānoanoa o ka wai amniotic ma lalo o ka ʻili ma ke kua o ka ʻāʻī o kāu pēpē , a i ʻole ka nui o ka wai i loaʻa. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe he liʻiliʻi ka wai amniotic o kēlā me kēia pēpē ma ke kua o ko lākou ʻāʻī, a he mea maʻamau loa ia?

Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ana ʻana i ka nui o kēia wai, hiki i nā kauka ke loaʻa kahi manaʻo o ka pilikia o ka pēpē e loaʻa ana kekahi mau kūlana chromosomal a i ʻole nā ​​​​loli genetic .

ʻO ka mea nui, he hoʻāʻo nānā wale nō kēia scan "NT". ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka pēpē. Kōkua wale ia i kāu kauka e hoʻoholo inā pilikia ka pēpē a inā pēlā, inā pono ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana. Ua maopopo iaʻu?

Pehea ke ʻano o kēia scan?

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i kēia ʻano o kēia scan `nuchal translucency'. Me kēia scan, nānā ke kauka i ka hakahaka ma ke kua o ka ʻāʻī o ka pēpē i kapa ʻia ʻo `nuchal fold.' E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pēpē ka wai ma ke kua o ko lākou ʻāʻī. Ua ʻike nā kauka he nui aku ka wai o nā pēpē me kekahi mau maʻi chromosomal a genetic paha ma kēia ʻāpana o ko lākou ʻāʻī.

He aha ke ʻano o nā kūlana āu e nānā nei e ʻike ai inā he pilikia?

Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī ma mua o ka maʻamau, hiki ke hōʻike he pilikia ka pēpē no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kūlana e like me:

• ʻO ka maʻi Down (Trisomy 21) : Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia. ʻO kēia ke kūlana e kālele nui ai ka scan `NT`.
• ʻO ka maʻi Patau (Trisomy 13)
• ʻO ka maʻi Edwards (Edwards syndrome - Trisomy 18)

ʻO kēia nā ʻano chromosomal nui i nānā ʻia. Eia kekahi, hiki ke pili ka nui o ka waiwai `NT` me kekahi mau maʻi puʻuwai hānau., ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke pili pū me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o kekahi mau pilikia puʻuwai hānau. No laila, hiki i nā hopena o ka scan `NT` ke hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo maʻamau inā ʻoi aku ka nui a emi mai paha o ka pēpē i kēia mau kūlana.

ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, i ka wā o kēia scan "NT", nānā pū nā kauka i kekahi mau ʻāpana anatomical kumu o ke kino e ulu ana o ka pēpē. No ka laʻana, nānā lākou inā e ulu maʻamau ana ke poʻo o ka pēpē, ka lolo, nā lālā, a me nā ʻōpū. Inā ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka scan "NT", hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o nā kūlana genetic a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlana.

Āhea e hana ʻia ai ke kiʻi NT?

He pilikia nō hoʻi kēia no nā makuahine he nui. Hana ʻia ke scan `NT` ma waena o 11 mau pule a me 13 mau pule a me 6 mau lā o ka hāpai ʻana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia ia i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka lōʻihi mai ke poʻo o ka pēpē a i lalo (ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo `Crown-Rump Length - CRL`) ma waena o 45 a me 84 millimeters .

No ke aha e hana ʻia ai i kēia manawa kikoʻī ? ʻO ke kumu, ma hope o 14 mau pule, i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē, hoʻomaka ka wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī e hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o ke kino o ka pēpē. A laila paʻakikī ke ana pololei. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai nā kauka e hana i ka scan "NT" i loko o kēia manawa kikoʻī. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia scan "NT" ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻāʻo loiloi trimester mua .

He aha kēia pahu nānā no ka trimester mua?

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia huaʻōlelo ma mua. ʻO ka "First Trimester Screening Kit" (i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Combined Sequential Screening") he hoʻonohonoho o nā hoʻokolohua e loiloi i ka pilikia o ka pēpē i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau maʻi hānau , ʻo ia hoʻi, nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka wā hānau.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kiʻi NT, lawe ʻia kekahi hāpana koko mai ou aku . Kōkua kēia mau hoʻāʻo koko i ka loiloi ʻana i ka pilikia o kāu pēpē e loaʻa ana i nā maʻi hānau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻāʻo koko i hui pū ʻia me ka kiʻi NT wale nō .

ʻO wai ka mea e pono ai ka NT scan?

Hiki ke hana ʻia ke scan `NT` e kekahi wahine hāpai , akā pono e hana ʻia ma waena o nā pule 11 a me 13 i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻāʻo koi ʻia, he koho ia .

Eia nō naʻe, nui nā kauka e paipai i kēia no ka mea hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā pilikia i ka wā mua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka a hoʻoholo i kahi hoʻoholo ma muli o ka mea a kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua e nānā ai a me nā pono a me nā pōʻino.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai ke kiʻi NT?

He mea maʻalahi loa kēia. Hana ʻia ka NT scan ma ke ʻano like me ka ultrasound scan maʻamau. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, he ultrasound ʻōpū ia.Ua pau kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, no ka laʻana, inā paʻakikī ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi maopopo ma muli o ke kūlana o kou ʻōpū a i ʻole ke kūlana o ke pēpē, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi scan ma o ka vagina (vaginal ultrasound) .

Ma mua o ke scan, e hoʻopili ke kauka a i ʻole ke loea scan i kahi gel ultrasound i kou ʻōpū. A laila, e neʻe ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi lima i kapa ʻia he transducer ma luna o kou ʻōpū. E hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o kāu pēpē ma kahi monitor. A laila e ana ʻia ka mānoanoa o ke wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī o kāu pēpē ma nā millimeters . ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻeha i ka wā o kēia kaʻina hana.

Pehea e helu ʻia ai nā hopena o ka scan NT?

ʻAʻole pinepine i helu ʻia ka pilikia ma muli o ka waiwai mai ka NT scan wale nō. E hoʻohui pinepine kāu kauka i nā hopena o kāu mau hoʻokolohua trimester mua e helu i kou pilikia holoʻokoʻa o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu pēpē i kahi maʻi hānau.

Ua ʻōlelo mua au ʻo ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko me ka NT scan e hoʻonui i ka pololei o nā hopena. No laila, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻo nā hopena o nā mea ʻelua, kou makahiki , a inā paha e ʻike ʻia ka iwi ihu o ke pēpē (hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻike i ka pilikia o Down syndrome), ua noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i kahi helu pilikia hope loa.

No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai nā hopena he "pilikia"?

ʻO ka hopena āu e loaʻa ai, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he pilikia makemakika . No ka laʻana, hiki i kāu hopena ke ʻōlelo "1 i loko o 300 manawa kūpono." ʻO ke ʻano kēia, mai loko mai o 300 mau pēpē me ka helu `NT` like a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe e like me ʻoe, hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o 300 e loaʻa i ke ʻano hānau.

• Inā maʻamau ka pae wai : ʻO ke ʻano kēia he haʻahaʻa ka pilikia o kahi maʻi hānau .
• Inā kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka wai : ʻO ia hoʻi , ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kahi maʻi hānau ʻia a i ʻole ka genetic.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, inā haʻi ʻia iā ʻoe ʻo ka pilikia o ka paʻi ʻia e ke kaʻa i kou hele ʻana ma ke alanui he 1 i loko o 1000, ʻaʻole ia manaʻo e paʻi maoli ʻia ʻoe. Pēlā nō hoʻi no kēia. ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia, ʻaʻole ia manaʻo e loaʻa maoli ka pilikia i ka pēpē.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole loa e hana ke kauka i kahi hōʻailona ma muli o nā hopena o ka scan `NT`. He mau hoʻokolohua mua wale nō kēia. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai `NT`, e wehewehe kāu kauka a i ʻole ke kākāʻōlelo genetic iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe. I nā hihia he nui, ʻoiai inā kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai `NT`, ʻaʻole paha e pili ana i kahi kūlana chromosomal a genetic paha. ʻO ia ke kumu e paipai mau ʻia ai nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe.

Pehea ka pololei o ke kiʻi NT?

Inā ʻoe e hana i ka scan `NT` wale nō, e ʻike ia i nā kūlana e like me `Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)` ma kahi o 70% o nā hihia.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohui ka nui o nā kauka i ka scan "NT" me nā hoʻāʻo koko i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. A laila, piʻi ka pololei o ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau kūlana i kahi o 95% . He pakeneka kiʻekiʻe kēlā, ʻeā?

Aia kekahi mau pilikia me kēia scan?

ʻAʻole. He hoʻāʻo haʻahaʻa loa ka nuchal translucency. Ua like ia me ka ultrasound scan maʻamau. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻeha iā ʻoe a i kāu pēpē paha.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia inā ʻano ʻē nā hopena o ka scan NT?

ʻO kēia kahi e makaʻu ai nā makuahine he nui. Makemake wau e hoʻomanaʻo hou iā ʻoe ʻo ka scan `NT` wale nō ke hōʻike nei i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi i ka pēpē. No laila, inā ʻaʻole kūpono kāu hopena scan, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai `NT`, mai hopohopo .

A laila e haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe e pili ana i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua diagnostic . ʻO kēia mau hoʻokolohua:

• ʻO ka Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) : Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai kou placenta a hoʻāʻo iā ia no nā kūlana genetic. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia ma waena o 10 a me 13 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana.
• Amniocentesis : Hana ʻia kēia ma hope iki o ka hāpai ʻana, ma hope o 15 mau pule. Pili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi nila e wehe i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai amniotic mai kou ʻōpū. Aia i loko o kēia wai nā pūnaewele o ka pēpē, a hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele e ʻike i nā ʻano maʻi genetic a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi.

Mai nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻokolohua hiki iā mākou ke haʻi pololei inā he maʻi ko ka pēpē a ʻaʻole paha .

Eia kekahi, inā kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai `NT`, hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha i kahi scan i kapa ʻia he fetal echocardiogram e nānā pono i ka puʻuwai o ke pēpē, no ka mea, hiki ke pili kahi waiwai `NT` maʻamau me kekahi mau kīnā puʻuwai fetal.

Mai makaʻu! ʻO ka mea nui loa...

ʻOiai he ʻano ʻē kāu mau hopena scan NT, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he pilikia kāu pēpē. Mai hopohopo, mai hopohopo . E hana hou aku kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua, a e ʻimi paha i nā hōʻailona o kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe ma kāu ultrasound a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻokolohua koko. Hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i kahi kākāʻōlelo genetic . Ma kēlā ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i kēia mau kūlana, ko lākou mau pilikia, a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i loaʻa.

He aha ka waiwai NT maʻamau?

Hoʻonui iki ʻia ka nui o ka wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī o ke pēpē i ka holomua ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka awelika o ka wai ma 13 mau pule ma mua o ka awelika o ka wai ma 11 mau pule.

Hōʻike nā ʻoihana lapaʻau like ʻole i nā paepae NT ʻokoʻa iki no nā hoʻāʻo hou aʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma ka waiwai NT a me ka makahiki hāpai.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapa nui o nā hāpai ʻana, inā ʻoi aku ka waiwai NT ma mua o 3 mm a i ʻole 3.5 mm , ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kūkākūkā i ke aʻoaʻo genetic a me nā hoʻāʻo hou aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, he waiwai wale nō kēia, a na kāu kauka e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kou kūlana.

Ke ʻano nei anei kahi scan NT kūpono ʻole he Down syndrome ka pēpē?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole loa . ʻO ka hopena o ka scan nuchal translucency maʻamau ʻole , ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e loaʻa maoli ana i ka pēpē ka Down syndrome a i ʻole kekahi maʻi hānau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka pēpē a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ʻano maʻi.

ʻOiai inā maʻamau ka waiwai NT, makemake paha nā kauka e hana i nā hoʻokolohua koko ma waho aʻe o ka scan NT no ka mea hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i kahi loiloi pololei o kou pilikia. I kekahi mau hihia, pono nā hoʻāʻo prenatal hou aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ka hiki ke hānau ʻia kāu pēpē me kahi maʻi genetic.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e ʻike ai i nā hopena?

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki i ke kauka ke haʻi iā ʻoe i nā hopena o ka NT ultrasound scan i ka lā hoʻokahi . ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki ke ana ʻia ka nui o ka wai ma hope o ka ʻāʻī a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka waiwai i ka lā hoʻokahi.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā hopena o nā hoʻāʻo koko i hana ʻia me ka "nānā ʻana o ka trimester mua" ke hala i kekahi mau lā a i ʻole hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule e hoʻi mai ai . Nui nā kauka e kali a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau hopena a pau ma mua o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou ke helu inā pilikia ka pēpē a i ʻole. A laila wale nō lākou e wehewehe ai i ke kiʻi piha iā ʻoe.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, leka lawe i ka home

He hoʻāʻo mua koʻikoʻi ka "Nuchal Translucency (NT)" e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pilikia o ka pēpē i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi hānau ʻia a i ʻole genetic.

• He hoʻāʻo nānā wale nō kēia, ʻaʻole he hoʻāʻo diagnostics.
• Mai hopohopo inā ʻaʻole like nā hopena. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hana hou ʻia nā hoʻāʻo.
• Aia nō ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe kahi pēpē olakino .
• E kamaʻilio pono me kāu kauka e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo a me ka mea e hana ai ma hope.
• He mea kōkua nui ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kākāʻōlelo genetic a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā pono a me nā pōʻino o nā hoʻāʻo e hiki mai ana.

Manaʻolana wau ua kōkua kēia ʻike iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka NT scan. Mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka i nā nīnau a hopohopo paha āu e loaʻa ai.

ʻO ka translucency nuchal, NT scan, ka nānā ʻana i ka trimester mua, ka pilikia o Down syndrome, nā ʻano chromosomal, ka scan hāpai, ka nānā ʻana i ka wā hānau mua, ka ultrasound fetal, nā hoʻāʻo hāpai, ka translucency nuchal, Down syndrome, ka nānā ʻana i ka fetal