He aha ka Immunostaining? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia hoʻāʻo ʻike maʻi ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi!

Ua kauoha anei ke kauka iā ʻoe i kahi hoʻāʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo "Immunostaining"? A i ʻole ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo ma kekahi wahi? Malia paha he mea paʻakikī iki ia iā ʻoe. Akā, mai hopohopo, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia hoʻāʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo Immunostaining, kāna hana, pehea e hana ʻia ai, nā mea āpau ma ke ʻano maʻalahi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo. E like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi hoaaloha.

He aha maoli ka immunostaining?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka immunostaining kahi hoʻāʻo kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia e kā mākou mau pathologists. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ʻike i kahi molekala protein kikoʻī i waena o nā protein he nui i loko o kahi hāpana i lawe ʻia mai kou kino, e like me ke koko, ka iwi iwi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo. E noʻonoʻo e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kanaka kikoʻī i loko o kahi lehulehu. He mea kōkua nui kēia ʻano hana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻoiai nā maʻi a me ke kanesa.

Pehea e hana ai kēia hoʻāʻo?

ʻAe, e nānā kākou pehea e hana ai kēia immunostaining. Hoʻohana ia i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo antibodies . Ua like kēia mau antibodies me nā koa i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino. Hoʻomaopopo lākou a hoʻopili i nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo antigens . No laila, i kēia hoʻāʻo, hoʻohana nā kauka i kahi antibody i pili pono i kēlā protein (i kapa ʻia he antigen) a lākou e ʻimi nei.

A laila hele mai ka ʻāpana "palapala". Ua like ia me ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i kahi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi puke. Akā, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻalahi e like me ke kala ʻana i kahi pālule T. Hoʻohana kēia mau ʻano "palapala" i nā kala kūikawā, nā enzymes hoʻololi kala, nā molekala fluorescent , a me nā ʻāpana gula. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i nā protein a me nā cell a lākou e ʻimi nei, i hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke ʻike maopopo iā lākou ma lalo o kahi microscope.

Ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kēia hoʻāʻo immunostaining, e lawe ke kauka i kahi laʻana o kou koko, iwi iwi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo. A laila e hoʻouna ʻia i kahi pathologist no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. E hoʻomanaʻo, inā lawe ʻia ka laʻana ma ka haukapila a i ʻole ma ke keʻena o ke kauka, hana mau ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo immunostaining i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, a i ʻole ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he lab.

He aha nā ʻano o ka immunostaining?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano hana immunostaining a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano hana kahi kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo kikoʻī, a i ʻole protocol, e pili ana me ia. Eia kekahi o nā ʻano hana nui i hoʻohana ʻia:

• ʻO ke kemika Immunohistochemistry
• ʻO ke kahe ʻana o ka cytometry
• ʻO ka microscopy immuno-electron (EM immunolabeling)

E nānā hou aku kākou i kēia mau mea a pau?

ʻO ke ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Immunohistochemistry

ʻO kēia ke ʻano immunostaining i hoʻohana nui ʻia . I ka immunohistochemistry, ua kau ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hāpana ma kahi slide aniani, a ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi antibody e hoʻopaʻa i ka pahuhopu iā ia. A laila ua hoʻoluʻu ʻia me nā dyes kūikawā a i ʻole nā ​​​​enzymes. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he immunostains. ʻAe kēia i ka pathologist e ʻike maopopo i kekahi mau protein a me nā cell ma lalo o kahi microscope.

E ʻike i nā pono o ka immunohistochemistry:

• Kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi kanesa like ʻole.
• Kōkua ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kūlana neurological a me nā maʻi koko.
• ʻAe kēia i nā kauka e aʻo i nā hopena, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻike ʻana, o kekahi mau genes.

ʻO ka cytometry kahe - e like me ka mīkini e helu a hoʻokaʻawale i nā cell

Ma ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo flow cytometry, hoʻohana kekahi loea i nā antibodies me nā lepili kala e hōʻailona i nā protein a lākou e ʻimi nei. A laila, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukuna laser kūikawā e helu, hoʻokaʻawale, a hoʻokaʻawale i kāu mau cell pākahi. Ua like ia me ke scan ʻana i nā meaʻai ma ka supermarket.

Hoʻohana nā kauka i ka cytometry kahe e ʻike i nā maʻi e like me:

• Nā maʻi lele
• Nā maʻi autoimmune
• Leukemia
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū

ʻO ka microscopy immuno-electron (EM immunolabeling)

ʻO ka microscopy immuno-electron e hiki ai i ka pathologist ke nānā i kāu hāpana ma ka hoʻonui nui ʻana a me nā kikoʻī maikaʻi loa. Ma kēia, hoʻopili nā pathologists i nā ʻāpana gula liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻāpana gula colloidal i nā antibodies. He mea maʻalahi loa kēia gula colloidal ke ʻike ma lalo o kahi microscope electron. No laila, i ka wā e hele ai kēlā antibody a hopu i ka antigen, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻāpana gula e like me nā kiko ʻeleʻele.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi viral like ʻole a me nā maʻi, hiki i ka microscopy immuno-electron keE ʻike pū i nā antigens viral i loko o nā lāʻau pale.

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai au no kēia hoʻokolohua?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau no kahi hoʻāʻo immunostaining. Eia nō naʻe, e hāʻawi kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kāu koko, ʻiʻo, a i ʻole ka laʻana iwi. E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e ʻike pono i ka mea e manaʻo ai. He mea nui e hoʻolohe pono i ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana? ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e hiki mai ai nā hopena?

Aia maoli kēia i ke ʻano hana immunostaining a kāu kauka e hoʻohana ai. He mau hola wale nō kekahi mau ʻano hana, aʻo kekahi hiki ke hala a hiki i 10 mau lā . E hiki i kāu kauka ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e pono ai ma muli o kou kūlana.

Ua like nō hoʻi ka manawa e pono ai no ka hoʻi ʻana mai o nā hopena. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano immunostaining ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā hopena i loko o hoʻokahi lā wale nō. Hiki i kekahi ke hala i hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi aku paha. Ke hāʻawi ʻoe i ka hāpana, e hōʻike kāu kauka iā ʻoe i ka wā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i nā hopena.

No laila, i ka manawa e like me kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ahonui a mai hopohopo. E kamaʻilio me ke kauka a wehewehe i nā mea āpau.

He aha ka ʻōlelo a nā hualoaʻa? He aha ka mea e hana inā he ʻano ʻē lākou?

E kālailai ke kauka pathologist i kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo a hoʻouna iā lākou i kāu kauka. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hopena āu e loaʻa ai ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo a ke kauka pathologist i hana ai. E wehewehe kāu kauka i kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo me ka kikoʻī a me ko lākou manaʻo no kou kūlana kikoʻī.

E hoʻomanaʻo, inā he ʻano ʻē nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻike ka pathologist i nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi, mai hopohopo. E wehewehe kāu kauka i nā hopena iā ʻoe a kūkākūkā i kāu mau koho lapaʻau me ʻoe. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kahi hui o nā kauka ke hana pū e hoʻomohala i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo

ʻAe, mai nā mea a mākou i kūkākūkā ai, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo maikaʻi e pili ana i ka immunostaining. Eia kekahi mau mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai:

• He hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua ka Immunostaining e hoʻohana ana i nā antibodies e ʻike a lepili i nā antigens kikoʻī i loko o kā mākou mau cell.
• Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano olakino like ʻole, me nā maʻi viral a me nā maʻi bacteria, a me kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa.
• Inā pono ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo immunostaining, ʻaʻohe kumu e makaʻu ai.E wehewehe pono ana kāu kauka iā ʻoe.
• Ke loaʻa nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo, e kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i ke ʻano o ia mau mea no kou kūlana a inā paha e pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ke loli mau nei ka ʻepekema lapaʻau. Ma o nā hoʻokolohua e like me kēia e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i nā maʻi he nui i ka wā mua a mālama pono iā lākou. No laila, inā ʻōlelo ke kauka i kēlā ʻano hoʻokolohua, he mea nui e mākaukau no ia.

ʻO ka Immunostaining, Pathology, Antibodies, Antigens, Nā hoʻāʻo maʻi kanesa, Nā hoʻāʻo keʻena hoʻokolohua