E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā maʻi i wehewehe ʻia e ka AIDS.

Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ʻoe, i kekahi manawa ke maʻi mākou me ka manaʻo ʻole ʻia, ke noʻonoʻo nei mākou, "Mai hea mai kēia maʻi?" ʻOiai i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ai ka pale ʻana o ke kino, hoʻāʻo maʻalahi nā maʻi e komo i loko o ke kino. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi mau maʻi kūikawā e hiki ke kū mai i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā mākou ka maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo `HIV` (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) a ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ke kūlana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻōlelo kekahi e hiki i ke kahua o AIDS. ʻO kēia ka mea a nā kauka e kapa nei he `AIDS-Defining Illnesses (ADIs)`. Ua like kēia me nā kukui ʻulaʻula, e hōʻike ana ua nāwaliwali loa kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ma muli o ka maʻi `HIV` i loko o ko mākou kino.

He aha kēia mau maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS (ADIs)?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēia mau 'ADI' he mau maʻi kanesa a me nā maʻi e hāʻule ana i loko o ka māhele o nā 'Opportunistic Infections' hiki ke hana i ka wā e lilo ai ka maʻi 'HIV' i mea koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā e nāwaliwali loa ai ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino.

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā "maʻi kūpono"? E noʻonoʻo e waiho ana i nā puka a me nā puka makani a pau o kou hale e hāmama ana a ʻaʻohe palekana. A laila hiki i kekahi ke komo maʻalahi. Pēlā nō ia, ke hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko kākou kino e ka 'HIV', ʻoiai nā germs liʻiliʻi loa i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi i loko o ke kanaka olakino e loaʻa koke kahi 'manawa kūpono' e komo i loko o ke kino a hoʻoulu i nā maʻi nui. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he 'mau maʻi kūpono'. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau germs i loko o ko kākou wahi noho, akā ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kanaka olakino e hakakā nei iā lākou a kāohi iā lākou.

Hoʻohana nā kauka i ka helu o nā cell CD4 a me kēia mau ADI e ana i ke koʻikoʻi o kahi maʻi HIV, ʻo ia hoʻi, pehea ka mamao o kona laha ʻana a me kona koʻikoʻi. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa kēia mau cell CD4 o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale, e like me nā mākaʻi kūikawā i loko o ko mākou kino. Hoʻopau ka maʻi HIV i kēia mau cell CD4. No laila, inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV a loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau ADI, kapa nā kauka i kēia ʻo ke kolu o ka pae o ka maʻi HIV, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo AIDS.

I kekahi manawa, ʻo ka wā wale nō e loaʻa ai i kekahi kahi `ADI` e ʻike ʻia ai lākou me ka `HIV`. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole nā ​​​​kānaka a pau i loaʻa i ka `ADI` he `HIV`. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kekahi mau `ADI` i waena o ka poʻe me ka `HIV` a i ʻole ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, hiki i nā `ADI` he nui ke loaʻa i nā poʻe olakino me ka ʻole o kekahi maʻi kumu. No laila, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e ʻike pono ai, ʻo ia ke loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau.

He aha nā ʻano maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS (ADIs)?

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau 'ADI'. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou nā maʻi lele (fungal, bacterial, parasitic, viral infections), kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa, a me kekahi mau kūlana e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.

Nā maʻi fungal

Ke nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale, hiki i nā maʻi fungal ke laha maʻalahi i loko o kou kino. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka niumonia Pneumocystis (PCP): He maʻi koʻikoʻi kēia o nā māmā.
• ʻO ka Candidiasis o ka bronchi, esophagus, trachea, a i ʻole nā ​​​​māmā
• ʻO Coccidioidomycosis - hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary
• ʻO ka cryptosporidiosis intestinal mau loa e mau ana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina
• Cryptococcosis - ma waho o ka puʻuwai
• Histoplasmosis - hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary

E noʻonoʻo wale, i ka wā e ikaika ai ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau fungi ke hana nui. Akā i ka wā e hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ai ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale kino e ka HIV, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopilikia.

Nā maʻi bacteria

Hiki i nā bacteria ke hana i nā maʻi like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mau maʻi bacteria i manaʻo ʻia he 'ADIs' penei:

• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) no nā keiki 6 makahiki a ʻoi: He maʻi kēia i lohe ʻia e ka poʻe he nui, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā māmā a me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO nā maʻi Mycobacterium ʻē aʻe i pālahalaha ma waho o nā māmā: ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me Mycobacterium kansasii a me Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
• Nā maʻi bacteria e hana hou ʻia i nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki.
• ʻO ka Salmonella septicemia nontyphoid hou: Ma kēia, komo ka maʻi Salmonella i loko o ke koko a laha ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa.

Nā maʻi parasitic

Hiki i nā parasites ke hana i nā 'ADI'. Nā laʻana:

• ʻO ka toxoplasmosis i loko o ka lolo: Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā pēpē ma lalo o hoʻokahi mahina.
• ʻO ka cystoisosporiasis intestinal mau loa e mau ana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina

Nā maʻi viral

He maʻi nō hoʻi ʻo HIV. Eia kekahi, ke nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana pale, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻouka.

• ʻO ka Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis, a i ʻole esophagitis: ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā pēpē ma lalo o hoʻokahi mahina.
• nā ʻeha herpes simplex e mau ana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina
• ʻO ka maʻi Cytomegalovirus: Ma nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke akepaʻa, ka spleen, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kikowaena lymph (e.g., cytomegalovirus retinitis - e hoʻopilikia ana i nā maka). ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā pēpē ma lalo o hoʻokahi mahina.
• ʻO ka leukoencephalopathy multifocal holomua (PML): He kūlana kakaikahi kēia akā koʻikoʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka lolo.

Nā maʻi kanesa

Ke emi iho ko kākou mau pūnaewele T (ʻo nā pūnaewele CD4 kekahi ʻano o nā pūnaewele T), piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi kanesa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi kanesa e hoʻopilikia ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī. ʻO nā ʻano maʻi kanesa i manaʻo ʻia he ADI i nā poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV:

• ʻO ka sarcoma Kaposi: He maʻi kanesa e hiki ke hana ma nā wahi e like me ka ʻili, nā lymph nodes, a me ka waha.
• ʻO ka lymphoma ʻo Burkitt
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical invasive
• ʻO ka lymphoma immunoblastic
• ʻO ka lymphoma mua o ka lolo

Nā Kūlana ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o kēia, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kūlana ʻē aʻe ʻo 'ADIs':

• ʻO ka niumonia hou: No nā pākeke a me nā keiki ma luna o 6 mau makahiki. ʻO ka niumonia kahi maʻi o nā māmā i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus, bacteria, a i ʻole fungi.
• ʻO ka encephalopathy HIV: Ma kēia, hoʻopilikia ka maʻi HIV i ka hana o ka lolo.
• ʻO ka maʻi hoʻopau HIV: ʻO kēia ke kumu e wīwī ai ke kino a nāwaliwali.

He aha nā maʻi i wehewehe ʻia e ka AIDS (ADI) maʻamau?

ʻAʻole hiki kēia mau mea a pau i nā kānaka a pau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kekahi o nā ADI maʻamau:

• ʻO ka niumonia pneumocystis (PCP)
• ʻO ka sarcoma Kaposi
• ʻO ka maʻi hoʻopau HIV
• ʻO ka candidiasis esophageal
• Nā maʻi Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu

He aha nā hōʻailona o kēia mau maʻi?

ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o nā `ADI` ma muli o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka hapa nui o nā maʻi:

• kuni
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻEha kino, ʻeha ʻiʻo
• ʻeha ka ʻāʻī
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana
• ʻŌhū ʻili
• Ka maʻi pākī
• Ka huikau a i ʻole nā ​​​​loli noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​ʻoiai inā ʻike ʻoe he maʻi HIV kou, he mea nui loa e ʻike koke i ke kauka.

No ke aha e loaʻa ai kēia mau maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS (ADIs)?

E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai, hoʻopau ka maʻi HIV i nā pūnaewele T (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā pūnaewele CD4) i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele T ka mea e kōkua iā mākou e hakakā i nā maʻi. No laila, ke emi nui ka helu o kēia mau pūnaewele T, ʻaʻole hiki i ko mākou kino ke hakakā maʻamau i nā maʻi. A laila, hiki iā mākou ke maʻi mai nā mea ʻaʻole i hoʻoulu i ka maʻi i kahi kanaka me kahi ʻōnaehana pale olakino. Eia kekahi, he kumu kēia no ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi kanesa e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi kanesa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus.

He kūpono loa ka lāʻau lapaʻau antiretroviral (ART) i ka mālama ʻana i ko mākou ʻōnaehana pale kino. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki ke ulu kahi ADI ʻoiai e lawe ana i ka ART. Aia kekahi mau kumu hiki ke loaʻa:

• Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha a i ka manawa kūpono.
• Inā ʻaʻole e hana pono ana ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei.
• Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi ADI asymptomatic ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ART, a hiki ke hoʻi hou mai ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kāu ʻōnaehana pale ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ART (ua kapa ʻia kēia he immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - IRIS).

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS (ADIs)?

E ʻike kāu kauka i kahi ADI ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki i kēia ke pili i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai kino ʻē aʻe, a me ka hana ʻana paha i kahi biopsy. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi, e like me ka X-ray a i ʻole CT scan, e nānā i nā loli i kou mau māmā a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻōpū ʻē aʻe.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike mua ʻia me ka maʻi HIV, a he ADI wale nō kāu, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe no ka HIV a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pale ʻana.

He aha ke ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia?

ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hoʻohana ai ke kauka:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko
• Ke lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana mai ka ihu (Nasal swab)
• Biopsy
• Hoʻāʻo sputum: Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana o ka phlegm mai nā māmā e nānā ai no ka maʻi.
• Hoʻāʻo noho
• X-ray umauma
• Nānā CT
• ʻO ke kī ʻana o ka lumbar/kī ʻana o ka spinal
• Hoʻāʻo HIV

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau maʻi?

Aia nā koho lapaʻau i ke ʻano o ka maʻi āu e loaʻa ai a me kou kūlana kikoʻī. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe ana i ka ART, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻomaka i ka ART i ka hikiwawe loa a i ʻole i loko o ʻelua a ʻehā mau pule o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi kūpono.

Inā ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi HIV a ke lawe nei ʻoe i ka ART, hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e ʻike ai i ka maikaʻi o kāu lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā ADI kikoʻī ke komo pū me:

• Nā lāʻau antibiotic no nā maʻi bacteria
• Nā lāʻau antifungal no nā maʻi fungal
• Nā lāʻau antiparasitic no nā maʻi parasitic
• ʻO ke ʻoki kino, radiation, a i ʻole chemotherapy no ka maʻi kanesa

He aha ka mea e hana inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi maʻi AIDS-defining (ADI)?

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ADI e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka make ʻana mai nā pilikia e pili ana i ka AIDS. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nūhou maikaʻi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi nui ka nui o nā make e pili ana i ka AIDS ma muli o ka ART. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia he hapahā o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV e make ana mai nā pilikia e pili ana i ka AIDS, me ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka ART, nui ka poʻe me ka HIV e ola olakino me ka ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka AIDS.

Hiki ke pale ʻia nā maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS (ADIs)?

ʻAe, hiki nō!

Hiki i ka ART ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi i loko o kou koko (viral load) haʻahaʻa. Hoʻonui kēia i kāu helu o nā pūnaewele T (nā pūnaewele CD4). Kōkua kēia i kou ʻōnaehana pale e noho olakino a hakakā i nā maʻi. Kōkua pū ia i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi kanesa e pili ana i ka HIV.

Aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka maʻi:

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau pale:Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i nā mea e like me nā antibiotics a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau antifungal e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o kekahi mau maʻi.
• Ka Pale ʻana: E nīnau i kāu kauka i nā pale e pono ai ʻoe e loaʻa a inā he mau pale āu e pale aku ai.
• Nā Nānā ʻana: Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo i nā nānā mau ʻana no kekahi mau maʻi kanesa a me nā maʻi lele.
• Mai kaʻana like i nā lako hana inikini lāʻau: I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kauoha ʻia a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole i kauoha ʻia, mai kaʻana like i nā nila, nā syringe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi: E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, a ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua. Mai kaʻana like i ka meaʻai, nā mea inu, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea pilikino me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
• Palekana meaʻai: E pale i nā hua moa i moʻa ʻole ʻia, ka waiū i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia (me ka tīhi a me ka ʻaikalima), a me ka wai huaʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia. E holoi a ʻili paha i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana.
• E pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i mālama ʻole ʻia: E pale i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka wai i loko o kou waha i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana ma nā wahi e like me nā loko a me nā loko, a e pale i ka inu ʻana i ka wai piula wai i mālama ʻole ʻia. Inā ʻoe e hele i kahi āu e kānalua ai i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai, e inu i ka wai ʻōmole a hoʻohana i ka wai like no ka kuke ʻana.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, e mālama pono i kāu mau manawa a pau me kāu kauka. E haʻi i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona hou a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona e ʻoi aʻe ana, a inā paha e pilikia ana ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i kāu ART. E ʻike i ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku i ka maʻi a me ka mea e hana ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

Āhea ʻoe e hele ai i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, a inā paha he mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi kēia, e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia:

• He kuni ma luna o 103 degere Fahrenheit (40 degere Celsius).
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana.
• Ka luaʻi nui a i ʻole ka maʻi pākī.
• ʻEha ka umauma.
• Ka huikau a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka ʻike.
• Inā wela kahi ʻeha, ʻulaʻula, pehu, ʻeha, a i ʻole ʻaʻole e ho'ōla.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?

He mea kōkua paha ka nīnau ʻana i kāu kauka i nā nīnau e like me kēia:

• Pehea e lawe pono ai au i kaʻu lāʻau lapaʻau?
• He aha kāu e hana ai inā e hala ʻoe i kahi manawa hoʻopaʻa lāʻau lapaʻau?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e pale aku i nā maʻi?
• He aha nā hōʻailona e pono iaʻu e makaʻala?
• Āhea wau e hele ai i ka lumi pilikia?

ʻO ka mea hope loa, leka lawe i ka home

ʻO nā maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS (ADIs) he mau hoʻokolohua e kōkua i nā kauka e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka hopena o ka maʻi HIV i kou kino. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka HIV, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi mai kekahi maʻi.

Akā,ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau antiretroviral (ART) me ke kūpono a me ke kūlike e hiki ai ke mālama i kou ʻōnaehana pale kino a hāʻawi i kou kino i ka ikaika e hakakā ai i nā maʻi. Ua kōkua kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi AIDS a hiki i ka poʻe me ka HIV ke ola e like me ka poʻe me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV.

No laila, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hana palekana ʻē aʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. Mai hopohopo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā i kēia mau kūlana me ka ʻike kūpono a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO AIDS, HIV, ka ʻike ʻana i ka AIDS, nā maʻi kūpono, ka palekana, nā pūnaewele CD4, ka mālama ʻana i ka ART