Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kahi fungus e komo malū ana i loko o kou kino? E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ka Cryptococcosis!

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Cryptococcosis? He mea ʻē paha ke kani ʻana o ka inoa, a he mea weliweli iki hoʻi. Akā, mai hopohopo. He maʻi ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi fungus. Ua pili mākou a pau i nā mea he nui i ko mākou wahi noho, a pēlā nō hoʻi kēia mau fungi. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Cryptococcosis ma ke ʻano maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha maoli ka Cryptococcosis?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka cryptococcosis ka wā e komo ai kahi ʻano fungus i kapa ʻia ʻo Cryptococcus i kou kino a hoʻoulu i kahi maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kou lolo a i ʻole nā ​​māmā. I kekahi manawa hiki ke laha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, a mākou e kapa nei he cryptococcosis disseminated .

E noʻonoʻo, inā hoʻopili kēia haʻiki Cryptococcus i kou lolo, ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano he cryptococcal meningitis . A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā mea e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo nui, a me ka ʻeha ʻāʻī. Eia kekahi, inā hoʻopilikia ia i kou mau māmā, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he cryptococcal pneumonia a i ʻole pulmonary cryptococcosis . A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano fungi Cryptococcus like ʻole.

• Cryptococcus neoformans: Hoʻopilikia pinepine kēia ʻano i ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka poʻe i haʻahaʻa ka hiki o ke kino ke pale aku i ka maʻi ʻo lākou ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ia.
• Cryptococcus gattii: Akā hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻomaʻi iā ʻoe ʻoiai inā ikaika kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

He aha nā hōʻailona o kēia? Pehea e ʻike ai?

Aia nā hōʻailona o ka cryptococcosis i kahi o kou kino e hoʻopilikia ai ka fungus. Inā pili ia i nā māmā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ka pneumonia, a inā pili ia i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena (lolo a me ke kaula spinal), hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ka meningitis. I ka cryptococcosis disseminated, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (Cryptococcal pneumonia):

• Kuke
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, me he mea lā e ʻūlū ana ʻoe
• ʻEha umauma
• kuni

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻōnaehana waena (Cryptococcal Meningitis):

• kuni
• ʻEha poʻo nui
• ʻEha a ʻoʻoleʻa paha ka ʻāʻī (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i kou ʻauwae ma kou umauma)
• Ka luaʻi
• Ka luaʻi ʻana
• ʻIke i ka mālamalama (paʻakikī ke ʻike i ka mālamalama ʻālohilohi)

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka cryptococcosis hoʻolaha ʻia:

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka cryptococcosis i hoʻolaha ʻia, e ʻike paha ʻoe i nā loli o ka ʻili me nā hōʻailona e pili ana i nā māmā a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Nā ʻāpana mānoanoa a paʻakikī paha (nā pāpaʻi)
• Nā ʻōhūhū
• Nā ʻeha
• Nā puʻupuʻu
• Nā pehu

No ke aha e kū mai ai ka Cryptococcosis?

ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia maʻi ʻelua ʻano fungi , ʻo Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) a me Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) . Noho kēia mau fungi i ke kaiapuni - ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka lepo, ka ʻili lāʻau, a me nā ʻōpala manu, ʻoi aku hoʻi ka ʻōpala manu nūnū.

E noʻonoʻo wale, i ka wā e hana ai mākou i kekahi manawa ma nā wahi lepo, kokoke i nā hale kahiko, a i ʻole i loko o nā māla, hiki i kēia mau spores fungal ke komo i loko o ko mākou kino.

ʻO kēia mau haʻuki, ʻo C. gattii` a me `C. neoformans`, loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. ʻO C. gattii` mea maʻamau ma Australia, British Columbia, Kanada, ka Pākīpika Northwest o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me Asia Hikina Hema.

Pehea ʻoe e loaʻa ai i kēia?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Cryptococcosis e ka hanu ʻana i nā spores lewa o ka fungus Cryptococcus. ʻAʻole ʻike maka ʻia kēia mau mea i ka maka ʻōlohelohe, a he mea paʻakikī ke pale aku inā ʻoe e noho ana ma kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai kēia fungus.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e hanu ana i kēia haʻalulu ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Akā no kekahi poʻe, hoʻomaka ka haʻalulu e ulu i loko o ko lākou mau māmā, a i ʻole e hele ia ma ke kino i ka lolo a hoʻomaʻi iā lākou. I kekahi manawa hiki i ka haʻalulu ke noho i loko o kou mau māmā no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ulu wale ia a hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona ke hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia kou ʻōnaehana pale no kekahi kumu (no ka laʻana, ma muli o kekahi maʻi a lāʻau lapaʻau paha āu e lawe nei).

Ke laha nei kēia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka?

ʻAʻole. ʻAʻole hiki ke laha ka Cryptococcosis mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu mai kahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi.

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia?

E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, ʻo ke ʻano o C. neoformans ka mea maʻamau e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi i nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia kēia:

• Nā kānaka me ka maʻi HIV/AIDS .
• ʻO nā kānaka me kekahi ʻano maʻi kanesa, no ka laʻana, lymphomas a me leukemias .
• ʻO nā kānaka i loaʻa i kahi hoʻoili cell stem, organ, a i ʻole ka iwi iwi.
• Nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o nā corticosteroids no ka manawa lōʻihiʻO nā kānaka me nā kūlana e pono ai ke lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me kekahi mau maʻi māmā mau loa, nā maʻi autoimmune).

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ke ʻano `C. gattii` ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi i ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana palekana olakino a me ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana palekana nāwaliwali.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ai i kēia ke hana?

ʻO ka Cryptococcosis, ʻoiai inā he maʻi kou i loko o kou lolo, hiki ke hana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi . ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻonui ʻia ke kaomi intracranial: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka wai a puni ka lolo, e kau ana i ke kaomi nui ma luna o ka lolo. Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i ka lolo.
• Pohō hapa a piha paha o ka ʻike.
• Nā maʻi maka a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlana mumū.
• Ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo e kaohi ana i nā maka ( paresis ʻiʻo extraocular ).
• Hoʻi hou: I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka cryptococcosis ke hoʻi mai ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.
• ʻO ka Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): ʻO IRIS kahi kūlana kahi e pane nui ai kāu ʻōnaehana pale ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻonui ana i nā hōʻailona. ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau i nā poʻe me ka HIV, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hana i nā poʻe me ka ʻole o ka HIV.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike pololei ai i kēia maʻi?

Hoʻoholo nā kauka i ka cryptococcosis ma ka nānā ʻana i kou mau ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​wai o ke kino no nā hōʻailona o ka fungus Cryptococcus. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua:

• Kou koko.
• ʻO ka wai Cerebrospinal (CSF ). Loaʻa kēia ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana o ka wai mai ka iwi kuamoʻo (lumbar puncture).
• ʻO ka huʻa (ka phlegm e puka mai ana mai nā māmā me ka ʻū).

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau hoʻokolohua, hiki i kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​mōʻaukala olakino, mōʻaukala huakaʻi, a me nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona. Ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​pono paha ʻoe i nā X-ray umauma , CT scans (computed tomography scans) , a i ʻole MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) e nānā i nā loli i kou mau māmā a i ʻole ka lolo.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai kēia?

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā antifungals e mālama i ka cryptococcosis.ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī āu e loaʻa ai e pili ana i kahi o ka fungus Cryptococcus i loko o kou kino a me ke olakino o kāu ʻōnaehana pale. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kanaka me ka cryptococcosis pulmonary akahai e pono ai i hoʻokahi lāʻau antifungal. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka meningitis cryptococcal e pono ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau antifungal i kahi manawa lōʻihi.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka Cryptococcosis:

• ʻO Fluconazole
• ʻAmphotericin B (AmB)
• ʻO Flucytosine
• ʻO Corticosteroids (hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea e kāohi i nā kūlana e like me ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo)
• ʻO ke ʻoki kino e wehe i nā ʻōpū fungal nui (cryptococcomas).
• ʻO ka puncture lumbar therapeutic a i ʻole nā ​​shunts (nā ʻōmole kūikawā) e hōʻemi i ke kaomi ma ka lolo.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi?

Ma muli o kahi i loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka maʻi a me kou maʻi, pono paha i kāu kauka ke mālama iā ʻoe me nā lāʻau antifungal no nā pule a i ʻole nā ​​mahina e hoʻopau ai i ka cryptococcosis. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, pono paha i kāu kauka ke hoʻololi i kāu mau lāʻau antiretroviral . Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i kāu ʻōnaehana pale, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēlā maʻi kumu e kōkua iā ʻoe e hakakā i ka cryptococcosis.

Hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia kēia?

Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale olakino me nā lāʻau antifungal. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali. I kekahi manawa, hoʻi hou mai kāu mau hōʻailona ma hope o ka lāʻau.

He aha ka pilikia o ka make mai kēia?

Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka make no nā maʻi cryptococcosis i mālama ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada) ma kahi o 20% . Eia nō naʻe, ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻApelika, hiki i kēia helu ke piʻi a hiki i ka 70% . Ma muli o kou wahi e noho ai ma ka honua, he hopena nui nā lawelawe olakino āu e loaʻa ai. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka make ʻana o ka poʻe ma nā ʻāpana nele i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua mai nā maʻi he nui. He kūlana kaumaha kēia.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale aku iaʻu iho mai kēia? Hiki paha?

Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma kahi i laha ai ka Cryptococcus, hiki ke paʻakikī ke pale aku i ka hanu ʻana iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, inā nui kou pilikia o ka maʻi ʻana me Cryptococcus, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo i kēia mau mea:

• Nānā kikoʻī: Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe no nā antigens Cryptococcus (nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia o ka fungus) ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona o ka cryptococcosis. Inā maikaʻi kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo, hiki iā lākou ke mālama iā ʻoe no ka cryptococcosis e pale aku iā ʻoe mai ka maʻi ʻana mai ka fungus i loko o kou kino.
• Ka pale ʻana: Inā he kiʻekiʻe kou pilikia no ka cryptococcosis, hiki i kāu kauka ke mālama iā ʻoe me nā lāʻau antifungal. E kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe mai ka maʻi ʻana inā pili ʻoe i ka Cryptococcus.

Pehea wau e mālama ai i koʻu olakino?

ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau kūpono no kekahi mau kūlana olakino e hoʻonāwaliwali ana i kou ʻōnaehana pale. E mālama i nā manawa maʻamau me kāu mau kauka. E nīnau iā lākou pehea e ʻike ai i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. E kamaʻilio me lākou e pili ana i nā ala e pale aku ai i nā maʻi a me nā mea e hana ai inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi kou.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i kou ʻōnaehana pale, e like me ka maʻi HIV, e nīnau i kāu kauka pehea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali a loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka cryptococcosis a i ʻole kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.

Āhea wau e hele ai i kahi Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi, e hele koke i kahi lumi pilikia. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke komo pū me:

• Ke kuni nui (ma luna o 103 degere Fahrenheit/40 degere Celsius).
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana.
• Nā loli i ka ʻike.
• ʻEha ka umauma.
• Ka loli ʻana o ke ʻano polū o ka ʻili, nā lehelehe, a i ʻole nā ​​​​kui lima.
• Ka huikau.
• Nā ʻōʻili.

Mea nui: Inā he nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi, e nīnau i kāu kauka i nā hōʻailona e pono ai ʻoe e hele i ka lumi pilikia. Pono paha ʻoe i ka mālama koke ʻana i ka pilikia, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kāu mau hōʻailona ma mua o nā mea i helu ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?

He mea kōkua paha ke nīnau aku i kāu kauka i kēia mau nīnau:

• Pehea ke koʻikoʻi o kēia maʻi?
• Pehea lā wau e lawe ai i kaʻu lāʻau lapaʻau?
• ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e pono ai iaʻu e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e pale aku i kahi maʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana?

ʻO ka leka koʻikoʻi loa e lawe i ka home

He maʻi fungal ka Cryptococcosis hiki ke koʻikoʻi i nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali. Eia nō naʻe, inā he pilikia nui ʻoe, makemake paha kāu kauka e hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe a kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau pale. A me nā holomua i ka mālama ʻana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pilikia o ka poʻe e noho ana me ka HIV i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. Ke hana pū nei me kāu kauka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi hoʻolālā e mālama iā ʻoe i ke olakino e like me ka hiki. No laila, mai hopohopo, a mai poina e ʻimi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau inā he mau hopohopo kāu.

ʻO Cryptococcosis, maʻi fungal, kuni lolo, maʻi māmā, palekana, HIV, antifungals