Hiki i kahi haukapila ke loaʻa i kahi maʻi? (Nā maʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ola) E ʻike pono kākou e pili ana i kēia!

Hele mākou a pau i ka haukapila a i ʻole ke keʻena lapaʻau e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau no kekahi maʻi. Akā i kekahi manawa, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole, hele mākou e loaʻa ka lāʻau no kekahi maʻi a hiki i kahi maʻi hou ke komo i loko o ko mākou kino. He nīnau kūpono kēia a he hopohopo iki no nā poʻe he nui. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia mau maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia ma nā haukapila, a nā kauka i kapa aku ai he `(Healthcare-Associated Infections - HAIs)` a i ʻole `(Nosocomial Infections)`, a pili kēia mau mea i kēia mau mea.

He aha kēia mau "Maʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ola kino"?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka wā e hele ai ʻoe i kahi haukapila, keʻena lapaʻau, a i ʻole ke keʻena hana e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau no kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, a loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi hou i kou wā ma laila. I kekahi manawa hiki ke maʻalahi kēia mau mea, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau kūlana koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola . Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke loaʻa ʻaʻole wale ma nā haukapila, akā ma nā wahi e like me nā kikowaena ʻoki kino, nā keʻena dialysis, a me nā hale mālama lōʻihi.

E kapa pololei nā kauka i kēia he HAI i nā hihia e like me kēia:

• Inā loaʻa kahi maʻi ma hope o 48 mau hola o ke komo ʻana i ka haukapila.
• Inā ulu kahi maʻi i loko o 3 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka haukapila a i ʻole ka lumi hana a hoʻi i ka home .
• Inā loaʻa kahi maʻi i loko o 30 mau lā o ke ʻoki kino .

ʻOiai hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano maʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ma muli o nā ʻano germs (pathogens) a puni mākou. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• Bacteria
• Nā maʻi ʻino
• Nā Fungi `(Nā Fungus)`

E hoʻomanaʻo, hiki ke pale ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau HAI. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa i nā miliona o nā maʻi a me nā limahana mālama ola a puni ka honua iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No laila, he mea nui loa i nā limahana haukapila a me nā ʻohana o nā maʻi ke hana pū e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia.

He aha nā ʻano maʻi nui e hiki ke laha ma nā haukapila ma kēia ʻano?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi e pili ana i ka haukapila e like me kēia. He ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ko lākou mau kumu. E nānā kākou i nā mea nui.

ʻO ka maʻi C. diff (Clostridioides difficile)

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau i loaʻa i ka haukapila. Hoʻoulu ia i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi kahe, a me ka mumū o ka colon (colitis). ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi poʻe i loko o ʻelua a ʻewalu pule ma hope o ko lākou loaʻa ʻana.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi e pili ana i ka catheter (CAUTI)

Ma kahi o 32% o nā maʻi maʻi haukapila āpau o kēia ʻano. E hoʻomanaʻo paha ʻoe ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi poʻe i kahi paipu mai ko lākou ʻōpū mimi e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻohele maʻalahi i ka mimi, i kapa ʻia he catheter. ʻO kēiaʻOi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke ulu aʻe kēia maʻi ʻōpū mimi ke hoʻopaʻa ʻoe iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi.

ʻO ka maʻi koko e pili ana i ka laina waena (CLABSI)

ʻO nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ke koko no kahi o 14% o nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila. Loaʻa kēia i nā poʻe me kahi laina waena (central venous catheter). ʻO kēia ke komo ʻana i kahi ʻōmole i loko o kahi aʻa nui kokoke i ka puʻuwai, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ia mea, a me ka lawe ʻana i ke koko me ka ʻole o ke kuʻi pinepine ʻana i ka nila.

ʻO ka maʻi MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

He maʻi HAI maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia. He `(maʻi Staph)` ia, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻi ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo Staphylococcus. Akā ʻo ka mea kūikawā o kēia , ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa i kekahi mau lāʻau antibiotic ikaika e like me penicillin, amoxicillin, a me methicillin, ʻo ia hoʻi he paʻakikī ke ho'ōla me kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ka maʻi ʻana o ke kahua ʻoki (SSI)

Ma kahi o 22% o nā maʻi āpau o ka haukapila he mau maʻi e pili ana i ke ʻoki ʻana. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hoʻopilikia ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻeha ʻoki, akā i nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻōpū i loko o ke kino, a i kekahi manawa hiki i nā mea hana (implants) e like me nā pacemakers a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui hana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana. E noʻonoʻo, ma ko mākou kauhale kokoke, ua hoʻi mai ke ʻanakala o Sumane i ka home ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana no ka appendicitis, a ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai i ka home, ua pala ka ʻeha a pono ʻo ia e hoʻi i ka haukapila. Pēlā ke ʻano.

ʻO ka Pneumonia e pili ana i ka Ventilator (VAP)

ʻO kēia kekahi kumu o kahi 15% o nā maʻi ma ka haukapila. Loaʻa kēia ʻano maʻi i ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka mīkini ea . Loaʻa kēia ʻano pneumonia i ka wā e komo ai nā germs i loko o nā māmā ma o ka ʻōmole hanu o kahi ventilator, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i ka poʻe e hanu iā lākou iho.

He aha nā hōʻailona e hoʻoulu ai kēia ʻano maʻi?

Ke loaʻa kahi maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila, hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, eia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Kuni .
• ʻO ke anu ka manaʻo o ke anu a me ka haʻalulu .
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana , kahi manaʻo o ka ʻūmiʻi ma ka umauma (dyspnea).
• Kuke .
• ʻeha ka ʻōpū .
• Manaʻo e like me ka wikiwiki o kou umauma e kuʻi ana (palpitations o ka puʻuwai).
• Ka maʻi kahe (ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū maikaʻi ʻole).
• ʻOi aku ka pinepine o ka mimi ma mua o ka maʻamau (polyuria).
• ʻO ke kuni a me ka ʻeha i ka wā e mimi ai (dysuria).
• Nā loli i ke kūlana noʻonoʻo - ka hoʻonāukiuki, ka huhū, ka manaʻo o ka nalowale o ka ʻike.

No ke aha e loaʻa ai kēia ʻano maʻi i loko o nā haukapila? He aha nā kumu?

Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau maʻi e pili ana i ka haukapila e nā ʻano germs like ʻole (pathogens). ʻO kekahi o nā laʻana maʻamau:

• ʻO nā bacteria Gram-negative: Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i nā mea e like me ka lāʻau make koko, ka pneumonia, a me ka meningitis.
• Clostridium difficile (C. diff): He bacteria kēia e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka mumū o nā ʻōpū a me ka maʻi palahēhē nui e laha maʻalahi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO ka Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): He maʻi bacteria kēia a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua, a ʻaʻole hana kekahi mau antibiotics .
• Hepatitis: He hui kēia o nā maʻi viral i laha maʻalahi e hoʻopilikia i ke akepaʻa.

He mea nui hoʻi e ʻike pehea e laha ai kēia mau maʻi. Hiki ke laha ma o nā kulu hanu ke kihe a ʻū paha kekahi . Hiki iā lākou ke laha inā ʻaʻole lawe nā limahana olakino i nā hana kaohi maʻi kūpono (no ka laʻana, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia nā lako) .

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi?

ʻO nā mea e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi ua kapa ʻia he mau mea pilikia. ʻOi aku ka nui o kou loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila inā ʻo kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e komo pū ana me:

• Inā he mau catheters kāu.
• Inā ʻoe e loaʻa nei ke kōkua i ka hanu ʻana me kahi ventilator.
• Inā pono ʻoe e lawe pinepine i nā inikini.
• Inā ʻoe e hana ʻia ana i ke ʻoki kino.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke kū mai ma muli o kēia maʻi?

ʻO nā pilikia e hiki mai ana mai kēia mau maʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me kona koʻikoʻi. E nānā kākou i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana mai kekahi mau ʻano nui o HAI:

• Nā Maʻi Koko e pili ana i ka Laina Waena (CLABSI):
• Ka mumū ʻana o ka uhi o loko o ka puʻuwai (endocarditis)
• ʻO ka thrombosis a me ka mumū o nā aʻa (Thrombophlebitis)
• Ka maʻi iwi (Osteomyelitis)
• ʻŌpū
• Sepsis (kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi e laha ana ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he lāʻau make koko)

• Nā maʻi ʻeha ma ke kahua ʻoki (SSI):
• He manawa ka lōʻihi e ho'ōla ai i ka ʻeha.
• Pono e hana hou ʻia ke ʻoki kino.
• Ka hiki ʻole o ke kino ke ʻae i nā mea lapaʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia.
• Nā maʻi ʻōpū o ke kino.
• Sepsis.

• Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi e pili ana i ka catheter (CAUTI):
• Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi.
• Sepsis.

• ʻO ka niumonia e pili ana i ka mīkini hanu (VAP):
• Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hanu.
• Ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka pus i loko o ka ʻili o nā māmā (Empyema).
• Sepsis.

Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i kēia mau maʻi?

I ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hiki i nā kauka ke haʻi inā loaʻa i kekahi ka HAI ke loaʻa iā lākou nā hōʻailona a mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua. I kekahi manawa, ʻo nā hōʻailona mua ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili, ka ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ka puka ʻana mai kahi ʻeha ʻoki . No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi a i ʻole e kāpae i kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i ka urinalysis a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻāʻo koko .

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?

ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana no HAI. Hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me:

• Nā lāʻau antibiotic ( no nā maʻi bacteria)
• Nā lāʻau antiviral ( no nā maʻi viral)
• Nā lāʻau antifungal ( no nā maʻi fungal)

Akā aia kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke emi iki ka maikaʻi ma muli o nā kūlana e like me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic , ke kū'ē antiviral, a me ke kū'ē antifungal. ʻO kēia "kū'ē" ʻo ia hoʻi ua loli (ua ulu) nā germs i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a ʻaʻole pono hou i nā lāʻau i hoʻolālā ʻia e pepehi iā lākou. ʻO ia kekahi kumu i paʻakikī ai ke mālama ʻana i kēia mau HAI i kekahi manawa.

No laila, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hana mau ʻia, ʻo ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa no kēia mau maʻi e pili ana i ka haukapila, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana iā lākou ma mua o ko lākou hiki ʻana mai.

He aha kā mākou e hana ai e pale aku i kēia mau maʻi e pili ana i ka haukapila?

ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā maʻi āpau i loaʻa i ka haukapila, akā inā hahai pū ʻoe a me kou ʻohana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi nui i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi.

• E mālama i kou mau lima i ka maʻemaʻe. ʻO kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi loa e pale ai i ka laha ʻana o nā germs a pale iā ʻoe iho mai ka maʻi, ʻo ia ka holoi pinepine ʻana i kou mau lima. E holoi i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai no 20 kekona ma ka liʻiliʻi.
• E nīnau i nā kauka a me nā kahu maʻi e mālama iā ʻoe i kā lākou hana e kāohi ai i nā maʻi. Inā he mau hopohopo a makaʻu paha kou, mai makaʻu e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā lākou.
• Inā he catheter kāu, e nīnau mau i kāu kauka a kahu maʻi paha inā pono mau ia. I kekahi manawa hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono hou.
• Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau antibiotic , e lawe iā lākou e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka, ma ka nui pololei a no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. Mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana iā lākou a hiki i ka wā e ʻōlelo ai kāu kauka iā ʻoe, ʻoiai inā ua maikaʻi kou manaʻo.
• Ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i nā antibiotics , e noi i kāu kauka e hana i nā hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i kūpono lākou no kāu maʻi.
• E nīnau i nā hana a lākou e hana ai e pale aku i nā maʻi ma mua a ma hope o kahi ʻoki ʻana.Eia kekahi, e nīnau i kāu mea e hiki ai ke hana e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi i kou hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ke ʻoki ʻana.
• E aʻo e ʻike i nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi ʻili. Inā he ʻulaʻula, kahe ka wai, a ʻeha paha a puni kahi ʻeha ʻoki a i ʻole kahi catheter, he hōʻailona paha ia o ka maʻi.
• E kiʻi i kāu lāʻau pale maʻi a me nā lāʻau pale ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka manawa kūpono. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi.

He aha ka wā e hiki mai ana no kekahi i loaʻa i kēlā maʻi?

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, inā ʻike mua ʻia kahi HAI e like me kēia a mālama pono ʻia, hiki i nā kānaka ke ho'ōla piha. Eia nō naʻe, pono paha kēlā poʻe e noho ma ka haukapila no ka manawa lōʻihi a hiki ke kū i nā pilikia hou aʻe ma kā lākou huakaʻi i ka hoʻōla ʻana.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kēia mau maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi a me ka make. No ka laʻana, e like me ke Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ma kahi o 99,000 mau kānaka e make ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā haukapila ʻAmelika wale nō mai kēia mau maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila. He pilikia honua kēia.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona kānalua, a inā manaʻo ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​pono ʻoe e haʻi aku i kāu kauka. He mea nui loa kēia inā ʻoe e noho ana ma ka haukapila i kēia manawa a i ʻole ua hana ʻia ke ʻoki kino i hala koke nei. Inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole pololei kekahi mea, ʻaʻohe mea, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka a loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai.

Ke maʻi mākou a pau, hele mākou i nā haukapila a me nā keʻena lapaʻau e hoʻōla. Akā, ke hele mākou i laila a loaʻa hou kahi maʻi, hoʻoulu maoli ia i ka hopohopo, ka kānalua, a malia paha he makaʻu iki.

Hiki i nā maʻi nosocomial ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, hiki ke pale ʻia ka nui o kēia mau HAI. He kuleana ko kākou āpau e hoʻolilo i kahi palekana o ka haukapila. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea āu e manaʻo ai he maʻi ia nou a i ʻole kekahi, mai makaʻu e haʻi i kāu hui mālama ola.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻike maikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila, pehea lākou e hana ai, a pehea e pale aku ai iā lākou. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka makaʻala i kēia a mālama i kou palekana ponoʻī. Inā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu i ʻike ai ua hoʻokipa ʻia i ka haukapila, e makaʻala i kēia mau mea. E nīnau i nā nīnau, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou kānalua. A laila hiki iā kākou ke pale aku i kēia mau maʻi i makemake ʻole ʻia e like me ka hiki.

Nā maʻi e pili ana i ka haukapila, Nā maʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ola, Nā maʻi nosocomial, Nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila, Kaohi ʻana i ka maʻi, Nā germs, Palekana haukapila