Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kekahi manawa e hana kūʻē mai ana ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko kākou kino ponoʻī, ka ʻōnaehana e pale aku iā kākou mai nā maʻi? A i ʻole ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi transplant i kekahi, e like me ka puʻupaʻa, hoʻāʻo ko lākou kino e hōʻole i ke kino hou? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi papa kūikawā o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a nā kauka e kuhikuhi ai e kāohi i ka hana o kā kākou ʻōnaehana pale ma ia mau hihia koʻikoʻi.
He aha kēia mau immunosuppressants?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mau lāʻau lapaʻau kēia e hōʻemi a kāohi paha i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua like ko mākou ʻōnaehana pale me kahi pūʻali koa e pale ana i kahi ʻāina. Ke ʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻenemi haole, e like me nā virus, bacteria, a me nā cell cancer, hakakā kēia pūʻali koa a pale iā mākou.
Akā i kekahi manawa, hana hewa kēia pūʻali koa a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka i kā mākou mau hunaola a me nā ʻiʻo olakino ponoʻī, me ka manaʻo, "He mau ʻenemi nō hoʻi kēia." I ia mau manawa, hāʻawi mākou i kēia mau immunosuppressants e hoʻomālielie i ka pūʻali koa hana nui.
Akā ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai, no ka mea, hoʻonāwaliwali kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, piʻi maoli ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi mai nā virus a me nā bacteria.
I nā kūlana hea e hoʻohana ʻia ai kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau?
Paipai nui nā kauka i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā kūlana ʻelua.
1. No nā maʻi Autoimmune
ʻO kēia ke kūlana kahi e hoʻouka ai kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī iā mākou. Ke hana ʻia kēia, ua luku ʻia nā hunaola olakino i loko o ke kino a hoʻomaka ka mumū. Hoʻōki kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻouka kaua makemake ʻole ʻia o ka ʻōnaehana pale a kāohi i nā hōʻailona. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke kāohi piha i kekahi mau maʻi a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i ke kala ʻana me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona.
ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi autoimmune e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau:
- Ka nalowale o ka lauoho ʻāpana ʻole (Alopecia areata)
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū mumū , e like me ka maʻi a Crohn a me ka colitis ulcerative
- Lupus
- ʻO ka sclerosis lehulehu (MS)
- ʻO Psoriasis a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai e pili ana
- ʻO ka Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka rheumatoid arthritis
2. I nā hoʻoili ʻana o nā kino a me nā cell kumu
E noʻonoʻo e loaʻa ana i kekahi kahi hoʻoili ʻana o kahi ʻōkana, e like me ka puʻupaʻa, ke akepaʻa, a i ʻole ka puʻuwai. ʻIke ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino i kēia ʻōkana hou he "malihini." No laila manaʻo ia he malihini ia a hoʻouka iā ia, e hoʻāʻo ana e hōʻole iā ia (hōʻole ʻana o ke ʻōkana). No ka pale ʻana i kēlā, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻokipa ke kino i ke ʻōkana hou, hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau (Immunosuppressant) .
Pēlā nō, ua hoʻoili ʻia nā pūnaewele kumu no nā maʻi ʻaʻai koko e like me ka leukemia a me ka thalassemia. Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana pale e ulu mai ana mai kēia mau pūnaewele hou ke hoʻouka i ke kino kahiko. Ua kapa ʻia kēia (Graft-versus-host disease - GvHD) . He mea nui nō hoʻi kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pale ʻana i kēia maʻi.
Pehea e loaʻa ai iaʻu kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a pehea ka lōʻihi?
Hiki ke lawe ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he mau pila, wai, inikini, a i ʻole intravenously (IV) . Ma muli o kou kūlana, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau mahina, hoʻokahi makahiki, a i ʻole kou ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiai inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻoili kino, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa a kāu kauka e ʻōlelo ai iā ʻoe.
He aha nā ʻano immunosuppressants i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia?
Nui nā ʻano o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma muli o kou kūlana, e koho kāu kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kūpono loa iā ʻoe.
| ʻAno lāʻau lapaʻau | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| Nā Corticosteroids Laʻana: Prednisone | ʻO kēia nā ʻano i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hoʻomalu koke lākou i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale a me ka mumū. |
| Nā mea olaola Laʻana: Adalimumab, Infliximab | Hana ʻia kēia mau mea ma ka hale hana a kuhikuhi i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka ʻōnaehana pale. |
| Nā mea hoʻopaʻa Calcineurin Laʻana: Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine | Hoʻopili ia i kahi enzyme e hoʻoulu ai i nā pūnaewele T (kahi ʻano o ke koko keʻokeʻo) e hakakā ana i ka maʻi. |
| Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe (Nā mea hoʻopaʻa IMDH, nā mea hoʻopaʻa Janus kinase, nā mea hoʻopaʻa mTOR) | Hoʻomalu kēia i nā mea e like me ka ulu ʻana o nā cell, nā enzymes inflammatory, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell. |
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi, nā hopena ʻaoʻao, a me nā pilikia o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau?
ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i nā pono ola, hiki iā lākou ke hana i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia.
Nā hopena ʻaoʻao hiki ke loaʻa
He mau lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika loa kēia a hiki ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao like ʻole. ʻAʻole e ʻike nā kānaka a pau i kēia mau mea a pau.
- ʻAkika
- Ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes
- Luhi nui o ke kino
- ʻO ka nalowale o ka lauoho a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana i makemake ʻole ʻia
- ʻEha poʻo
- Ke koko kiʻekiʻe
- ʻEha waha
- ʻOsteoporosis
- Nā haʻalulu
- Piʻi ke kaumaha
- ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻeha, ka nausea, a me ka luaʻi
Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ʻoi aku ma mua o ka maʻamau, e haʻi koke i kāu kauka. Hiki paha iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka lāʻau a kuhikuhi paha i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.
Nā pilikia kūikawā a me nā pilikia
1. Ke kāpae nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Mai hōʻalo i hoʻokahi mahele o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi kumu a i ʻole me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a kāu kauka. Inā hana kekahi me ka maʻi autoimmune i kēia, hiki i ka maʻi ke ʻoi aku ka ʻino. Inā hoʻōki kekahi i loaʻa i kahi hoʻoili kino i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻomaka ke kino e hōʻole i ke kino.
2. Hoʻonui ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi
E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, hoʻonāwaliwali kēia mau lāʻau i ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua emi nā pale o kou kino. Hoʻolilo kēia iā ʻoe (immunocompromised) , ʻo ia hoʻi, ua nāwaliwali kou pale ʻana. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi me ka maʻalahi ma mua o ke kanaka maʻamau. Nā laʻana:
- Sepsis (maʻi koko)
- Nā maʻi fungal (e.g., thrush)
- Nā maʻi ʻili (Cellulitis)
- Nā maʻi hanu (e.g., anu, pneumonia)
He aha kaʻu e hana ai e noho olakino i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana?
I kēia manawa o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka palekana, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kou palekana ma mua o ka wā ma mua.
- E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai. ʻO kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i nā maʻi.
- E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau pale. E nīnau iā ia i nā lāʻau pale āu e pono ai a me nā lāʻau pale ʻole.
- E ʻai i nā meaʻai momona. E ʻai i kahi papaʻai kaulike me nā mea kanu i moʻa maikaʻi ʻia, nā huaʻai, nā palaoa piha, a me nā protein.
- E hiamoe pono. Kākoʻo ka hiamoe maikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana pale kino.
- E hōʻalo i nā wahi piha kanaka a me nā wahi e hiki ai i ka poʻe maʻi.
Loaʻa ka hopena o kēia mau lāʻau i ka wā hāpai?
ʻAe, hiki nō. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e lawe ana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a e hoʻolālā ana e loaʻa kahi pēpē, pono e kamaʻilio mua me kā lākou kauka. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻino i ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū a hiki ke hana i nā kīnā hānau. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kūpono kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e hānai ai i ka waiū. No laila, inā makemake kāu kauka, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi iā ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau palekana i kūpono no ka hāpai ʻana.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He papa lāʻau ikaika loa nā Immunosuppressants i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e like me nā maʻi autoimmune a me nā hoʻoili kino.
- Mai hōʻalo i kahi lāʻau a hoʻololi paha i ka lāʻau me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a kāu kauka.
- Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka pilikia o ka maʻi i ka wā e lawe ai i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea nui loa ia e hahai i nā hana palekana e like me ka holoi pinepine ʻana i nā lima a me ka noho mamao ʻana mai nā poʻe maʻi.
- E hoʻomaopopo koke i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe āu e ʻike ai.
- Inā ʻoe e kali ana i kahi pēpē, e ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana e hāpai.
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