He pilikia hānau ʻia anei ke kaula iwi kuamoʻo o kahi pēpē? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka myelomeningocele!

Auē, nani maoli ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kāu keiki liʻiliʻi i loko o kou ʻōpū! Akā i kekahi manawa, hele mai kā mākou mau keiki i kēia ao me nā pilikia olakino i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi kīnā hānau paʻakikī e kū mai ana i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ke kaula spinal, a i ʻole ke kaula spinal, ʻoiai ke pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he myelomeningocele. Ua lohe paha ʻoe iā ia he "Open Spina Bifida". He kūlana maoli kēia kahi i pani pono ʻole ai ke kaula spinal o ka pēpē, a i ʻole ke kahawai spinal.

He aha maoli ka myelomeningocele?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka myelomeningocele kahi kīnā hānau kahi i pani ʻole ʻia ai ke kuamoʻo a me ke auwai o kāu pēpē ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, i loko o ka ʻōpū. He ʻano kīnā neural tube (NTD) kēia. He paʻakikī paha iā ʻoe ke haʻi ʻana i kēia inoa, ʻeā? Ua haʻi ʻia e like me 'my-e-lo-men-in-go-ceil'.

Hiki mai ka Myelomeningocele i loko o nā pule ʻehā mua o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO kēia ka wā e pani pono ʻole ai ka ʻōmole neural o ka pēpē, e puka mai ana kahi ʻeke piha i ka wai mai ke kua o ka iwi kuamoʻo o ka pēpē. ʻO ke kikoʻī, aia paha i loko o ka ʻeke:

• ʻĀpana o ko lākou kaula iwi kuamoʻo
• Meninges - nā ʻiʻo e uhi ana i ko lākou kaula iwi kuamoʻo
• Nā aʻalolo
• He wai koʻikoʻi ka wai Cerebrospinal (CSF) i loaʻa i loko o ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka Myelomeningocele ma nā wahi āpau ma ka iwi kuamoʻo o kahi pēpē, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke kua i lalo (nā wahi lumbar a me sacral) , ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka pūhaka.

ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ua hōʻino ʻia ke kaula kuamoʻo a me nā aʻalolo i loko o ka ʻeke. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ia ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka ʻike ma nā ʻāpana kino ma lalo o ka ʻeke . I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke haki ka ʻeke. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma muli o nā neʻe maʻamau o ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia i ka wā hānau.

ʻO Myelomeningocele ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa o ka spina bifida, a hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā kīnā waena a koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, nalowale o ka mana o ka ʻōpū mimi a i ʻole ka ʻōpū, a/a i ʻole ka lolo . Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hōʻailona o nā pēpē me kēia maʻi ma lalo o ka iwi kuamoʻo ma mua o nā pēpē me kēia maʻi ma luna o ka iwi kuamoʻo.

He aha ka hemahema o ka neural tube?

ʻO nā Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) he mau kīnā hānau (nā kūlana congenital) o ka lolo, ka iwi kuamoʻo, a i ʻole ke kaula spinal. Loaʻa pinepine lākou i loko o ka mahina mua o ka hāpai ʻana - i kekahi manawa ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana ua hāpai ʻoe. ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻelua o nā neural tube defects he spina bifida a me anencephaly.

ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau e hana ʻia: I ka malama mua o ka hāpai ʻana, hui pū nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kaula iwi o ka pēpē e hana i kahi uhi pale no ke kaula iwi, nā aʻalolo iwi, a me nā meninges (ka ʻiʻo e uhi ana i ke kaula iwi). I kēia manawa, ua kapa ʻia ka lolo e ulu ana a me ke kaula iwi o ka pēpē ʻo ka neural tube.

No laila, inā he hewa a pilikia paha i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kēia neural tube, ua kapa ʻia ia he neural tube defect.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Spina Bifida a me ka Myelomeningocele?

ʻO ka 'Spina Bifida' e pili ana i kekahi kīnā hānau kahi i pani piha ʻole ʻia ai ka neural tube e hoʻopuni ana i ka iwi kuamoʻo.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka Spina Bifida ma nā wahi āpau ma ke kuamoʻo o ka pēpē, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, inā ʻaʻole pani piha ka neural tube i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ke hana ʻia kēia, ʻaʻole pani pono ke kaula spinal, ka mea e pale ai i ke kaula spinal. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻino i ke kaula spinal a me nā aʻalolo o ka pēpē.

ʻO Myelomeningocele kahi ʻano spina bifida - a ʻo ia ka mea koʻikoʻi loa. He ʻeke ia i piha i ka wai e puka mai ana mai ke kua o ke pēpē, aia kahi ʻāpana o ke kaula spinal a me nā aʻalolo. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka spina bifida he meningocele a me ka spina bifida occulta.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Meningocele a me ka Myelomeningocele?

ʻO Myelomeningocele lāua ʻo meningocele nā ​​ʻano spina bifida ʻelua, akā aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki.

ʻO ka Meningocele kahi kūlana e puka mai ai kahi ʻeke piha i ka wai mai kahi puka ma ke kua o ke pēpē, akā ʻaʻole i loko o ka ʻeke ke kaula iwi kuamoʻo o ka pēpē . ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole nui a ʻaʻohe paha hōʻino o nā aʻalolo.

Akā i loko o ka myelomeningocele , aia kekahi ʻāpana o ke kaula kuamoʻo a me nā aʻalolo i loko o kēlā ʻeke, a ua hōʻino ʻia lākou . ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻino.

ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka Myelomeningocele?

Hiki i ka Myelomeningocele ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi pēpē. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo i nā ʻepekema ke kumu o ia mea, ua ʻike lākou i kekahi mau mea genetic, kaiapuni, a me nā meaʻai e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka pēpē i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūlana.

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia ʻano?

ʻO ka Myelomeningocele kahi maʻi e kū mai ana i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena.ʻO ke kūlana hānau maʻamau (kīnā hānau). No ka laʻana, pili kēia kūlana i kahi o 1,645 mau pēpē i hānau ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hānau ʻia nā keiki me kēia kūlana ma Sri Lanka.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka Myelomeningocele?

He ʻeke piha wai ko kahi pēpē me ka myelomeningocele e holo ana i lalo o ka iwi kuamoʻo mai waenakonu o ke kua . Hiki i nā kauka ke ʻike pinepine i ke kūlana i ka wā hāpai me kahi scan ultrasound.

Hiki i kahi pēpē me ka myelomeningocele ke loaʻa nā kīnā hānau ʻē aʻe . Ma kahi o 8 o 10 mau pēpē me kēia kūlana he kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo hydrocephalus, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai ma ka lolo .

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe o ke kaula spinal a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal e pili ana me ka myelomeningocele:

• ʻO Syringomyelia (kahi cyst piha i ka wai i loko o ke kaula spinal)
• ʻO ka dislocation o ka ʻūhā

He aha nā kumu o ka Myelomeningocele?

ʻAʻole ʻike nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema i ke kumu pololei o ka myelomeningocele, akā manaʻoʻiʻo lākou he ʻano paʻakikī ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana o nā kumu genetic, nutritional, a me ke kaiapuni .

ʻOi aku hoʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka waikawa folic i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine ma mua a i ka wā hāpai e kōkua i ka hanana ʻana o kēia ʻano kīnā hānau. He mea nui ka waikawa folic (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he folate) no ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo a me ke kaula kuamoʻo o ka pēpē.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka Myelomeningocele ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē?

I ka manawa pinepine (akā, ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau) hiki i nā kauka ke ʻike i ka myelomeningocele i loko o kahi pēpē i ka wā hāpai. Hoʻohana lākou i kēia mau hoʻokolohua:

• Hoʻāʻo koko: E kauoha kāu kauka i kahi hoʻāʻo koko ma waena o 16 a me 18 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana e ana i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Ma kahi o 75% a 80% o nā wahine hāpai e hāpai ana i kahi pēpē me ka spina bifida he kiʻekiʻe aʻe ko lākou pae ma mua o ka maʻamau o kēia AFP. Inā kiʻekiʻe pū kekahi kou pae, e kauoha kāu kauka i nā hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ultrasound scan, e nānā hou aku i ka pēpē.
• ʻO ka ultrasound prenatal fetal: ʻO ka scan ultrasound i ka wā hāpai ke ala pololei loa e ʻike ai i ka myelomeningocele. Manaʻo pinepine nā kauka i nā scan ultrasound i ka trimester mua (pule 11-14) a me ka trimester ʻelua (pule 18-22). Hiki i ka scan trimester ʻelua ke ʻike pololei loa i ke kūlana.
• Hoʻāʻo Amniocentesis:Inā hōʻoia ka ultrasound scan fetal i ka myelomeningocele, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kahi hoʻāʻo amniocentesis. Hana ʻia kēia e nānā i nā kūlana genetic kakaikahi e pili ana me ka myelomeningocele. Pili kēia i ke kauka e hoʻohana ana i kahi nila e lawe i kahi hāpana o ka wai mai ka ʻeke amniotic e hoʻopuni ana i ka fetus. Aia kekahi mau pilikia me kēia hoʻāʻo, no laila he mea nui e kūkākūkā i kēia me kāu kauka.

Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka wā hāpai, ʻike ʻia ka myelomeningocele ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi e like me ka MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan a i ʻole ka CT (Computed Tomography) scan.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka Myelomeningocele?

ʻO ka lāʻau maʻamau no ka myelomeningocele ʻo ia ke ʻoki ʻana e pani i ka puka ma ke kaula iwi o ke pēpē .

Hiki i nā kauka ke hana i kēia ʻoki kino ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē (ʻoki kino fetal) a i ʻole ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana (ʻoki kino postnatal) .

Ma muli o ka loaʻa pinepine ʻana o ka hydrocephalus (wai hōʻiliʻili ma ka lolo) i nā pēpē me ka myelomeningocele, pono paha kahi ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt e wehe i ke wai keu mai ka lolo o ka pēpē.

Pono nā keiki he nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ke ola holoʻokoʻa e mālama i nā pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hōʻino ʻana i ko lākou kaula iwi kuamoʻo a me nā aʻalolo. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e komo pū me nā antibiotics e pale aku i nā maʻi e like me ka meningitis (nā maʻi lolo) a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻōnaehana mimi (UTIs) a me ka hoʻōla kino.

ʻO ke ʻoki kino ʻana o ka ʻōpū no ka myelomeningocele

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻōpū he koho ia e hiki ke koho ʻia ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka myelomeningocele a me ke olakino o ka makuahine hāpai. Ke lilo nei kēia ʻano ʻoki ʻana i mea maʻamau.

ʻOiai hiki i kēia ʻoki kino ke pale i nā hōʻailona mai ka ʻoi aku ka ʻino, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā pōʻino i hana mua ʻia i ke kaula spinal a i ʻole nā ​​​​aʻalolo .

He mea nui: Aia nā pilikia e pili ana me kēia mau ʻoki ʻana i ka fetal, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka hānau mua ʻana a me ka hemo ʻana o ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana ma hope o ka hānau ʻana no ka myelomeningocele

Inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana o kāu pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū e hoʻoponopono ai i ka spina bifida, pono e hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana i ka wā hikiwawe ma hope o ka hānau ʻana - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i loko o nā hola 48 mua o ka hānau ʻana - e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi.

ʻO wai nā kauka e pono ai i kaʻu keiki me ka myelomeningocele ke ʻike?

He nui nā keiki me ka myelomeningocele e pōmaikaʻi ana mai ke kākoʻo o kahi hui multidisciplinary e hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou mālama a me ka hoʻokele ʻana. ʻO nā loea e pili ana paha i ka mālama ʻana i kāu keiki:

• Kauka lapaʻau noʻonoʻo
• Kauka ʻokiʻoki lolo
• Kauka lapaʻau ʻōpū
• Kauka Urology
• Kauka niho
• Kauka ʻili
• Luna hoʻōla kino

He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka myelomeningocele?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale loa ʻia nā kīnā hānau e like me ka myelomeningocele - hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia . ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hiki pinepine ke kūlana. Akā ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kekahi mau mea pilikia e pili ana i ke kūlana. ʻO lākou:

• Ka nele o ka Folate (folic acid): ʻO ka Folate, ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka huaora B9, he mea nui ia no ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal olakino. Hoʻonui ka nele o ka Folate i ka pilikia o ka spina bifida a me nā kīnā neural tube (NTDs) ʻē aʻe. Inā hāpai ʻoe a i ʻole e hoʻolālā ana e hāpai, he mea nui e lawe i nā huaora prenatal e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka folate (folic acid) a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe āu e pono ai no ka hāpai olakino.
• Moʻolelo ʻohana o nā kīnā neural tube: ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i hoʻokahi keiki me kahi kīnā neural tube he 3% ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi keiki ʻelua me ke kīnā. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i loaʻa i kahi kīnā neural tube (NTD) e loaʻa i kahi keiki me ka myelomeningocele ma mua o ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pēpē me ka myelomeningocele i hānau ʻia i nā mākua i loaʻa ʻole ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ke ʻano.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-seizure: Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau anti-seizure e pili ana me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o nā kīnā neural tube i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai i ka wā hāpai.
• Maʻi diabetes: ʻO nā wahine hāpai me ka maʻi diabetes i kāohi pono ʻole ʻia he nui ka pilikia o ka hānau ʻana i kahi pēpē me ka myelomeningocele.
• Momona: ʻO nā wahine momona ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pēpē me kahi kīnā neural tube, me ka myelomeningocele.
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana o ke kino:Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino (hyperthermia) i nā pule mua o ka hāpai ʻana, inā paha ma muli o ke kuni mau a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sauna a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau wela, e hoʻonui iki i ka pilikia o ka myelomeningocele.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole na ʻoe ka hewa o ka hānau ʻana i kahi pēpē me ka myelomeningocele. Loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau o ka makahiki hānau keiki ka pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kahi kīnā hānau.

He aha ka wānana no ka myelomeningocele?

ʻAʻohe ʻelua poʻe me ka myelomeningocele i hoʻopilikia like ʻia. Pili ka wānana no kēia maʻi i kekahi mau kumu. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ke kūlana mua o ko lākou iwi kuamoʻo a me nā aʻalolo.
• Ke kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha o ka puka ma ka iwi kuamoʻo.
• Ua hāmama a pani ʻia paha kēlā ʻeke?
• Inā paha ua hana ʻia ke ʻoki kino ma mua a ma hope paha o ka hānau ʻana.

ʻO ka nui o ka make ʻana no ka poʻe me ka spina bifida ma kahi o 1% i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma waena o 5 a me 30 mau makahiki. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻeha ma ke kaula kuamoʻo, ʻo ka nui aʻe o ka pilikia o nā pilikia a me ka make.

Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia o ka myelomeningocele ke hoʻopilikia nui i ke ʻano o ke ola. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe me kēia maʻi e ʻike i ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, a me nā hana hoʻoweliweli .

He aha nā pilikia o ka myelomeningocele?

ʻO nā pilikia e pili ana me ka myelomeningocele:

• ʻO ka maʻi lolo a/a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka ʻike ma nā ʻāpana o ke kino ma lalo o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻeke piha i ka wai (ʻeha).
• Ka emi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo.
• Nā pilikia o ka iwi e pili ana i ka maʻi lolo , no ka laʻana scoliosis (ke kūlou ʻana o ke kuamoʻo), nā ʻūmiʻi, a me ka dislocation o ka ʻūhā.
• Ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻōpū mimi a me/a i ʻole ke kaohi ʻana i ka naʻau.
• Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai mimi (UTI).
• ʻO ka maʻi lolo (meningitis).
• ʻAlerika latex.
• Nā ʻokoʻa aʻo ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​lohi o ka ulu ʻana (nā hemahema o ka noʻonoʻo).
• ʻEpilepsy `(Nā hopu)`.

Pehea e mālama ai i kaʻu pēpē me ka myelomeningocele?

ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻaʻohe ʻelua poʻe me ka myelomeningocele i hoʻopilikia like ʻia. ʻAʻohe ala e ʻike pono ai pehea e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai kāu pēpē. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana, ʻo ke kamaʻilio me ke kauka i loea i ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka spina bifida a me ka myelomeningocele.

I ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki, e kōkua kahi hui o nā kauka loea i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou mau pono.Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea pono.

Āhea wau e kamaʻilio ai me ke kauka o kaʻu keiki e pili ana i ka myelomeningocele?

Inā hānau ʻia kāu keiki me ka myelomeningocele, pono ʻo ia e ʻike i kāna kauka - a i ʻole ka hui o nā kauka - i nā manawa a pau o kona ola.

ʻO ka mea nui, he mea nui loa ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kauka o kāu keiki no kēia mau kumu:

• Inā ua lohi loa kāu keiki e hoʻomaka e hele a i ʻole ua lohi loa e hoʻomaka e kolo.
• Inā loaʻa i kāu keiki nā hōʻailona o ka hydrocephalus, no ka laʻana, kahi ʻāpana palupalu e pehu ana ma ka lae, ka huhū, ka hiamoe nui, a me ka paʻakikī i ka hānai ʻana.
• Inā loaʻa i kāu keiki nā hōʻailona o ka meningitis, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ke kuni, ka ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa, ka huhū, a me ka uē nui.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka e pili ana i ka myelomeningocele?

Inā kānalua kāu kauka i kahi myelomeningocele, hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e nīnau i kēia mau nīnau:

• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e noho olakino ai i ke koena o koʻu hāpai ʻana?
• Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo aku i nā kauka a me nā loea i loea i ka Spina Bifida a me Myelomeningocele?
• He aha nā koho lapaʻau no ka myelomeningocele?
• He aha nā pilikia a me nā pono o ke ʻoki hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka fetal a me ke ʻoki hoʻoponopono postnatal?
• Aia anei au i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi keiki ʻē aʻe me ka myelomeningocele?
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hui kākoʻo no ka poʻe me ka myelomeningocele a me nā mākua o ia mau keiki?

Hiki ke hoʻoluhi i ka ʻike ʻana he maʻi koʻikoʻi ko kāu pēpē. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi - he nui nā kumuwaiwai e kōkua iā ʻoe a me kou ʻohana. He mea nui e kamaʻilio me ke kauka i ʻike e pili ana i ka myelomeningocele e aʻo hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kona hopena i kāu pēpē a pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai.

He Leka Lawe-Home mai iā Mākou

He kīnā hānau paʻakikī loa ka Myelomeningocele. Akā me ka mālama olakino kūpono, ke kākoʻo, a me ke aloha, hiki i kēia mau keiki ke ola i kahi ola maikaʻi . He mea nui e ʻike i kēia kūlana i loko o ka ʻōpū a ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā hana e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waikawa folic lawa hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o kēia kūlana. Inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka.

ʻO Myelomeningocele, spina bifida, nā kīnā hānau, nā hemahema neural tube, iwi kuamoʻo, olakino pēpē, hāpai keiki