Ua hele anei ʻoe i ke kauka me ke kuni, ka ʻū, a me ka ʻāʻī ʻeha a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me "Amoxicillin"? A i ʻole ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me "Penicillin" no kahi ʻeha? Ua lohe ka hapa nui o mākou i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, akā ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike pono i ke ʻano o ia mea, ka mea e hana ai i ke kino, a pehea paha e hana ai, ʻeā? He lāʻau lapaʻau kupaianaha maoli kēia i hoʻololi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a kōkua i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā miliona o nā ola. No laila i kēia lā, e aʻo kākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka penicillin ma ke ʻano maʻalahi a kamaʻilio.
He aha ka Penicillin ma ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka penicillin kahi papa o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia he antibiotics . ʻO ka antibiotic kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e pepehi a hoʻōki paha i ka ulu ʻana o nā bacteria ʻino e komo i loko o ko mākou kino. E noʻonoʻo i nā bacteria ʻino e komo i loko o ko mākou kino e like me nā ʻenemi e hoʻouka kaua i kahi ʻāina. A laila ua like ka penicillin me kahi koa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā ʻia e luku ana i kēlā mau ʻenemi.
No kahi ʻohana nui o nā lāʻau antibiotic i kapa ʻia ʻo "beta-lactams" kēia penicillin. Hoʻohana nā kauka i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he pila, he wai, a i ʻole he inikini "intravenous" (IV).
ʻO ka mea nui loa, hana wale ka penicillin i nā maʻi bacteria. ʻAʻohe ona hopena i nā anu maʻamau a me ka maʻi flū, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus. No laila, mai hoʻohana i kēia mau mea me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka.
He aha ke ʻano o nā maʻi e hoʻohana ai nā kauka i ka penicillin?
He lāʻau antibiotic ākea ka Penicillin i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. E koho kāu kauka i ke ʻano penicillin kūpono ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi āu i loaʻa ai. Eia kekahi o nā hoʻohana maʻamau.
| Kūlana olakino | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| ʻĀʻī ʻeha | ʻEha ka ʻāʻī i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria. |
| Nā maʻi pepeiao (Otitis media) | He mea maʻamau ka maʻi pepeiao i nā keiki ʻōpio. |
| Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi (UTI) | Nā maʻi bacteria o ke ala mimi. |
| Pneumonia | Nā maʻi bacteria e hoʻopilikia ana i nā māmā. |
| Nā maʻi ʻili (nā maʻi Staph) | Nā kūlana e like me ka maʻi ʻeha a me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā abscess. |
| ʻO ka maʻi meningitis | Ka pehu ʻana o nā membrane e uhi ana i ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal. |
| Nā maʻi niho | Nā maʻi bacteria o ke aʻa o nā niho a i ʻole nā ʻāʻī. |
| Nā maʻi ʻē aʻe | Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia no nā maʻi like ʻole e like me syphilis, gonorrhea, a me ka maʻi Lyme. |
Aia kekahi mau ʻano penicillin?
ʻAe, aia nā lālā like ʻole o ka ʻohana penicillin. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i kekahi mau pūʻulu nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana ʻana a me nā ʻano bacteria hiki iā lākou ke pepehi.
- ʻO nā penicillins kūlohelohe: ʻO kēia nā ʻano e kū maoli ana, e like me ka lāʻau. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā kānaka ʻepekema iā lākou a hana iā lākou i mau lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ʻo Penicillin G a me Penicillin V.
- ʻO nā penicillin semi-synthetic: ʻO kēia nā mea a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai. Lawe nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka penicillin kūlohelohe a hoʻololi iki i kona ʻano i loko o ka lab e ʻoi aku ka holomua a me ka ikaika. No kēia māhele nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, a me Dicloxacillin.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hui pū ʻia:I kekahi manawa, he maalea loa nā bacteria. Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou mau ala ponoʻī e pakele ai mai ka penicillin. I kēlā manawa, no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana o ka penicillin, hoʻohui lākou i kahi lāʻau kōkua ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi laʻana, ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka lāʻau "(Augmentin)". Loaʻa iā ia ka "(Amoxicillin)" a me kekahi lāʻau "(clavulanic acid)" i hoʻohui ʻia.
Pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke kino?
He hana hoihoi loa kēia. E noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia bacteria he paia cell ikaika e pale aku iā ia iho. E like me kā mākou pā a puni ko mākou hale. Me ka ʻole o kēia paia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke ola.
ʻO ka hana a ka penicillin, ʻo ia ke kāohi pololei ʻana i ka bacteria mai ke kūkulu ʻana i ka paia . Ua like ia me ka ʻae ʻole ʻana i ka sima i loko ke kūkulu ʻoe i kahi paia. Ke kūkulu pono ʻole ka paia, nāwaliwali ia, loaʻa nā lua, a ma hope o kekahi manawa e haki a hiolo. Ke pau ka paia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke ola, make ia. ʻO ia wale nō ka mea e hana ʻia.
No laila he aha ke ʻano o ke 'kūʻē lāʻau'?
Ke kū nei i ke ʻano hoʻouka like i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, lilo kekahi mau bacteria i mea maalea loa. Aʻo lākou i nā ala hou e pakele ai i kēia hoʻouka penicillin. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Hoʻopuka lākou i nā enzymes (e like me beta-lactamase) e luku i ka penicillin.
- A i ʻole ke hoʻololi nei lākou i ke ʻano o ko lākou pā pale, i ʻole e hiki i ka penicillin ke komo.
Kāhea mākou i kēia he kū'ē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau . ʻO kēia ka pilikia olakino nui loa ma ka honua i kēia lā. ʻO MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) kahi ʻano bacteria i kū'ē i nā ʻano penicillin he nui.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e pono ai iaʻu ke lawe i ka penicillin? He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao?
Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka lōʻihi o kou lawe ʻana i ka penicillin. E hilinaʻi ia i ke ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe. Hiki ke maʻamau mai 5 a 7 mau lā a i kekahi mau pule.
ʻO ka mea nui āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka helu piha o nā lā i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka. ʻOiai inā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā, mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Inā ʻoe e hoʻōki, e maʻa nā bacteria ikaika loa i koe i loko o ke kino i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole e hana i ka manawa aʻe āu e hāʻawi ai. Hoʻonui kēia i ka manawa kūpono o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic.
Nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki i ka penicillin ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia mau mea i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, a inā hana lākou, ʻaʻole lākou he mea koʻikoʻi.
- Ka luaʻi
- Ka luaʻi ʻana
- Ka maʻi ʻōpū (ʻeha ʻōpū)
- I kekahi manawa e ʻike ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili.
- Ka nalowale o ka makemake a i ʻole ka loli o ke ʻano o ka ʻono/ala
- ʻEha poʻo
I ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻeha ʻōpū e like me ka nausea.
Nā mea e pono ai ke akahele i ka wā e lawe ai i ka penicillin
ʻOiai he mau hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. He mea nui loa ka makaʻala i kēia.
1. ʻAleʻaleʻa Penicillin
ʻO kēia ka pilikia koʻikoʻi loa. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kakaikahi ka poʻe i maʻi i ka penicillin. Manaʻo ka poʻe he maʻi lākou, akā ʻaʻole paha. Akā no kekahi mea maʻi maoli, hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea weliweli.
- Nā hōʻailona: ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili, ka maneʻo, ka pehu ʻana, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka poniuniu, a, i ka hihia koʻikoʻi loa, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana.
- He aha e hana ai: Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka hanu ʻana, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka pehu ʻana o ka maka a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī ma hope koke iho o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he pilikia ia. E hele koke i ka ʻOihana Pilikia (ETU) o ka haukapila kokoke loa.
2. Maʻi C. diff
He mea paʻakikī iki kēia. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi kaulike o nā bacteria maikaʻi a me nā bacteria maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ko mākou ʻōpū. ʻO nā antibiotics e like me ka penicillin i kekahi manawa e pepehi i kekahi o nā bacteria maikaʻi me nā bacteria maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAe kēia i nā bacteria maikaʻi ʻole, i kapa ʻia ʻo Clostridium difficile (C. diff), e hoʻonui me ka nānā ʻole ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka maʻi diarrhea koʻikoʻi, ka ʻeha ʻōpū koʻikoʻi, a me ke kuni .
| I ka manawa hea e kamaʻilio ai me kāu kauka |
|---|
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| I ka manawa hea e hele koke ai i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) o ka haukapila |
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ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau mana?
He mea kupanaha loa kēia a he mea ulia pōpilikia hoʻi. I ka makahiki 1928, ua hele kekahi kanaka ʻepekema i kapa ʻia ʻo Alexander Fleming i ka hoʻomaha me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole ʻana i kekahi mau kīʻaha Petri i loko o kāna keʻena hoʻokolohua. I kona hoʻi ʻana mai, ua ʻike ʻo ia ua ulu ka ʻōpala i loko o nā kīʻaha, ʻaʻole nā bacteria, akā nā mea make. Ua ʻike ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻu ana kēia ʻōpala i kekahi ʻano kemika i pepehi i nā bacteria.
He hana paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mea bactericidal mai kēlā ʻōpala, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia, a hoʻolilo iā ia i lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā ua holomua ia i ka hopena, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka lehulehu ma ka makahiki 1946. ʻO kēlā ʻike ʻana ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā penicillins a mākou e hoʻohana nei i kēia lā.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He lāʻau antibiotic ka Penicillin i hāʻawi wale ʻia no nā maʻi bacteria . ʻAʻole lākou e hana no nā anu i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus.
- Mai hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻano penicillin iā ʻoe iho me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a ke kauka .
- E hoʻopau i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka. Mai hoʻōki i ka hapalua no ka mea ua maikaʻi kou manaʻo.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona maʻi ʻaleka koʻikoʻi e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana a me ka pehu ʻana o ka maka i ka wā e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hele koke i ka Emergency Department (ETU) o ka haukapila.
- Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, a inā hāpai ʻoe a hānai waiū paha, e ʻōlelo pono i kāu kauka ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka penicillin.
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