E aʻo wale kākou e pili ana i nā Polyclonal Antibodies - ka pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino

Ke loaʻa iā kākou ke kuni a i ʻole ke anu, e hoʻomaikaʻi ia i loko o kekahi mau lā, ʻeā? Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea e hana ai kēlā? Loaʻa iā kākou kahi pūʻali koa nui i loko o ko kākou kino, e hakakā ana i nā maʻi mai waho mai. ʻO kekahi o nā koa kūikawā loa i loko o kēlā pūʻali koa ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'antibodies'. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi ʻano antibody kūikawā, 'Polyclonal Antibodies'. ʻOiai ke kani ʻepekema iki nei kēia inoa, he maʻalahi loa ka moʻolelo. E nānā kākou i nā kikoʻī o kēia mau mea pale kino.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia mau antibodies polyclonal?

He mau protein liʻiliʻi nā antibodies Polyclonal i loko o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ke kikoʻī, ua hana ʻia lākou e kahi hui o nā cell i kapa ʻia nā cell plasma B.

I kēia manawa, e hoʻomaʻalahi iki kākou i kēia. E noʻonoʻo ua hele mai kahi ʻenemi i kou ʻāina. No ka ʻike ʻana i kēlā ʻenemi, aia kekahi mau 'māka' kūikawā ma kona kino. Pēlā nō ia i ka wā e komo ai kahi germ, kahi virus a i ʻole kahi bacteria, i loko o ko kākou kino. He 'māka' kūikawā ko kēlā germ ma kona ʻili. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia māka he 'antigen' .

Ke ʻike ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale i kēia antigen, ʻike ia iā ia a ʻōlelo, "ʻAuē... ʻaʻole kēia kekahi o kākou, he mea ia mai waho mai." A laila hoʻomaka ko kākou pūʻali koa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā antibodies, e hana.

Akā aia kekahi mea liʻiliʻi ma ʻaneʻi. Ma kekahi antigen, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke kino o kekahi ʻenemi, aia kekahi mau wahi e hiki ai i kā mākou antibodies ke hopu. E like me ka nui o nā lua no nā kī e komo i loko o hoʻokahi puka. Kāhea mākou i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau lua he 'epitope' .

ʻO ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo 'polyclonal' ʻo ia hoʻi 'mai nā ʻano like ʻole'. No laila, ʻo nā antibodies polyclonal he hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻano antibodies like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻouka i nā wahi like ʻole (epitopes) ma ka ʻenemi hoʻokahi (antigen). Hoʻemi nui kēia i ka manawa kūpono o ka ʻenemi e ola ai.

ʻOiai ua hana maoli ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o ko kākou kino, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i kekahi manawa ua unuhi ʻia lākou mai nā kino o nā holoholona e like me nā lāpaki a me nā hipa, a i ʻole mai ke koko o ka poʻe i ho'ōla ʻia mai kekahi mau maʻi.

Pehea e hana ai kēia mau mea i loko o ke kino?

He mea hoihoi loa ke kaʻina hana o kēia. E noʻonoʻo e like me ke kī a me ka honu.

1. Komo ka ʻenemi: Komo kahi maʻi a bacteria paha i loko o ko kākou kino. He 'pigment' kona ma luna o kona ʻili. He mau antigens kēia.

2. Nā kikoʻī o ka honu: Akā, he mau puka kī ko kēlā me kēia honu. He mau epitope kēia.

3. Hōʻea mai ka pūʻali koa o nā kī: I ka ʻike koke ʻana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale i kēia pepeke, hana ia i nā 'ʻano kī like ʻole' he nui e kūpono i loko o kēlā me kēia lua. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā pūʻali koa o nā kī he mau antibodies polyclonal.

4. Hoʻomaka ke kaua:Hoʻopaʻa kēia mau ʻano kī like ʻole (antibodies) i nā lua like ʻole (epitopes) i loko o ke kino o ka ʻenemi. Hoʻouka lākou i ka ʻenemi hoʻokahi mai nā wahi he nui.

5. Luku i ka ʻenemi: Ke paʻa nā antibodies e like me kēia, hiki i nā cell ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale ke ʻike maʻalahi a luku i kēia ʻenemi.

He aha ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o kēia mau mea i ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

Ma waho aʻe o ka hana maoli ʻia ʻana i loko o ko mākou kino, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau antibodies polyclonal no nā hana koʻikoʻi he nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• ʻIke: Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hale hana, e like me ELISA a me immunohistochemistry, e ʻike i ke alo o kahi maʻi a i ʻole ke kanesa.
• No ka noiʻi ʻepekema: Hoʻohana nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia mau mea e hoʻomaopopo ai pehea e hana ai ko mākou kino a pehea e ulu ai nā maʻi.
• No ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi: Hoʻohana ʻia nā antibodies Polyclonal e mālama i nā kūlana e like me kekahi overdose lāʻau lapaʻau, nā nahu nahesa, a me kekahi mau maʻi koko.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā antibodies polyclonal a me monoclonal?

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā 'monoclonal antibodies.' ʻOiai ua hoʻouka kēia mau mea ʻelua i nā antigens, aia kahi ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi.

He aha nā pono o kēia?

• Ke kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa: ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia mau mea e hana ma mua o nā antibodies monoclonal, i hana ʻia me ka paʻakikī i loko o ka hale hana.
• Ka hiki ke ʻike maikaʻi: ʻOiai inā liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka antigen i loko o kahi laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike maʻalahi iā ia no ka mea hiki iā ia ke nakinaki i nā wahi like ʻole.
• Kūlana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe: Ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka antigen hoʻokahi i nā wahi he nui, ʻoi aku ka kūlike o ka pane.

ʻAʻohe anei he hemahema?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nō hoʻi nā hemahema.

• Nā ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi: Ma muli o kēia mau mea e hana maoli ʻia ana, aia paha nā ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi ma waena o kekahi pūʻulu o nā antibodies a me kekahi. No laila, ʻokoʻa paha ka pono.
• Ka hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole: I kekahi manawa, aia kahi hiki ke loaʻa ka cross-reactivity me kekahi antigen ʻē aʻe e like me ka antigen i manaʻo ʻia. No laila, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā hoʻokolohua.
• Nā hopena maʻi: Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā antibodies polyclonal i loaʻa mai nā holoholona e mālama i nā kānaka, aia kahi pilikia o nā hopena maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​hopena ʻē aʻe.

No laila, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa kēia mau antibodies polyclonal o ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā noiʻi a me nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic. Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kēia, ʻoiai inā hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea iā ʻoe no kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke nīnau ʻana i kāu kauka a kahu maʻi paha no ka wehewehe ʻana.