Ua loaʻa koke anei iā ʻoe kahi kuni kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi a ʻeha hoʻi ma kou kino? Malia paha ua hele ʻoe i ka nahele i hala koke aku nei, hana ma kahi mahiʻai, a lawelawe paha i kahi holoholona? A laila he ʻano kēia āu i lohe ʻole ai, akā pono ʻoe e ʻike pono. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he tularemia ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau. ʻOiai he maʻi kakaikahi ia, hiki ke koʻikoʻi, no laila he mea nui e makaʻala iā ia.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ʻo Tularemia?
He maʻi ʻo Tularemia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo Francisella tularensis . He maʻi kēia e hiki ke laha mai nā holoholona a i nā kānaka, i kapa ʻia he maʻi zoonotic. Noho pinepine kēia bacteria i loko o nā kino o nā holoholona e like me nā lāpaki, nā ʻiole, a me nā ʻiole. Hiki ke laha pū ʻia e nā pepeke e like me nā ʻuku a me nā ʻuku e noho ana ma nā kino o kēia mau holoholona.
Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana. Hiki i kēia bacteria ke hana i nā hōʻailona like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pehu ʻeha o nā lymph nodes, a me nā maʻi like ʻole o nā māmā, nā maka, ka ʻāʻī, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe. Ma kekahi mau ʻāina, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo "rabbit fever".
ʻO wai ka mea i pilikia nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi?
ʻOiai hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka tularemia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i kēia maʻi ma muli o kāu ʻoihana, nā leʻaleʻa, a i ʻole ke ʻano o kou nohona. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kēia poʻe:
- ʻO ka poʻe e hahai holoholona a lawelawe paha i ka ʻiʻo maka: Hiki ke laha kēia bacteria ma o ka hoʻopā ʻana me ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā wai kino o nā holoholona i hahai ʻia.
- Nā kauka holoholona a me nā mea lawelawe holoholona: Aia pū lākou i ka pilikia no ka mea hana mau lākou me nā holoholona.
- ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana i nā wahi e nahu ai nā pepeke: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka nahu ʻia ʻana e nā pepeke e like me nā ʻuku.
- ʻO nā kānaka me nā ʻōnaehana pale maʻi nāwaliwali: Hiki i nā kānaka me ka maʻi HIV , nā maʻi kanesa, a i ʻole ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau immunosuppressant ke loaʻa maʻalahi i kēia ʻano maʻi.
- Nā limahana mahiʻai a me nā mea ʻoki hipa: ʻOi aku ka pilikia o kēia poʻe limahana no ka mea hana pū lākou me nā holoholona a me ke kaiapuni a lākou e noho nei.
- Nā limahana hana hoʻokolohua: ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana i ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia bacteria e pilikia pū ana hoʻi i ka hōʻike ʻia.
He aha ka mea e hana ai ke komo kēia bacteria i ke kino?
E noʻonoʻo e komo ana kēia bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo `F. tularensis` i loko o kou kino. Hoʻāʻo nā pale o ko mākou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūnaewele o ka ʻōnaehana pale, e hopu a "ʻai" i kēia bacteria haole. ʻO ka maʻamau, e luku ʻia nā bacteria i loko o kēlā mau pūnaewele.
Akā, he maalea loa kēia bacteria. Ma kahi o ka peʻe ʻana i loko o kēlā mau pūnaewele pale, hoʻomaka lākou e māhele a hoʻonui koke. I ka hopena, ua luku ʻia nā pūnaewele pale, a ʻo ka nui o nā bacteria e puka mai ana e hoʻouka i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe o ke kino. ʻO kēia luku ʻia ʻana o nā pūnaewele a me ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka pane ʻana iā ia ke kumu o kā mākou mau hōʻailona.
He aha nā ʻano a me nā hōʻailona o ka tularemia?
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Tularemia i kekahi mau ʻano nui, ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ka bacteria i ke kino a me kahi e loaʻa ai nā hōʻailona. No ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i kēia, e nānā kākou i kēia papa.
| ʻAno maʻi | Pehea e laha ai a me kahi e pili ai | Nā hōʻailona nui |
|---|---|---|
| ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū | Ma ke nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi ʻuku a i ʻole kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Hoʻopilikia i ka ʻili a me nā lymph node. (ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau) | - Kuni - ʻEha ʻili - Hoʻonui ʻia nā lymph nodes a ʻeha |
| ʻŌpū | Ua like ia me ke ʻano ma luna, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i nā ʻeha ʻili. Hoʻopilikia wale i nā lymph nodes. | - Kuni - Ka pehu ʻana a me ka ʻeha ma nā lymph nodes me ka ʻole o nā ʻeha ʻili |
| ʻO ka maka ʻāinana | Komo ka wai a i ʻole nā wai o ke kino i loaʻa i ka maʻi i loko o ka maka. Hoʻopilikia i ka maka a me nā lymph node a puni. | - ʻEha maka, waimaka - Ke akahele i nā mea o waho - Nā ʻōpū lymph pehu a puni ka pepeiao a me ka ʻāʻī |
| ʻOropharyngeal | Ma ka inu ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Hoʻopilikia i ka puʻu a me ke ala ʻai. | - ʻEha nui ka ʻāʻī - ʻUlaʻula a me nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī - Ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi pākī |
| Pneumonia | Ma ka hanu ʻana i ka bacteria a i ʻole ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā māmā mai kahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. (ʻO kēia ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa) | - Kuni, ʻūlū - Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana - ʻEha umauma, ʻeha kino |
| ʻO ke ʻano typhoid | Hiki ke laha ma kekahi ʻano. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana he nui o ke kino. | - Ke kuni nui, ke anu a me ka haʻalulu - ʻEha poʻo, ʻeha kino - ʻEha ʻōpū, luaʻi, maʻi pākīkī, huikau |
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona i loko o 3-5 mau lā o ka launa ʻana me ka bacteria, akā ʻaʻole paha e hōʻike kekahi poʻe i nā hōʻailona no ʻelua pule.
Pehea e laha ai kēia maʻi? Ua laha anei ia mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka?
Aia kekahi mau ala nui e laha ai ka tularemia:
- Nā nahu pepeke: Mai nā nahu mai nā ʻuku i loaʻa i ka maʻi, nā makika, a me nā nalo ʻē aʻe.
- Hoʻopili me nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi: Ma o ka nahu ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻōpala ʻana mai kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā wai kino mai kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi ke komo i ke kino ma o kahi ʻoki a i ʻole kahi ʻeha i ko mākou ʻili.
- ʻAi a wai paha i loaʻa i ka maʻi: Ma ka inu ʻana i ka wai i haumia ʻia me ka bacteria a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i moʻa ʻole ʻia (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā holoholona hihiu).
- Ke hanu ʻana i ka bacteria: He mea kupanaha iki kēia ke lohe. E noʻonoʻo inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka mīkini ʻoki mauʻu a i ʻole kekahi mīkini ʻē aʻe kahi i loaʻa ai kahi holoholona make i loaʻa kēia bacteria, hiki i ka bacteria ke komo i ka lewa me nā ʻāpana lepo liʻiliʻi i hoʻolei ʻia i luna, a ʻo ka hanu ʻana iā ia hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi.
ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole laha pololei ka tularemia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole hiki ke laha ka maʻi ma ka hoʻopā ʻana a i ʻole ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, he maʻi lele loa ia. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka bacteria e komo ana i ke kino ua lawa ia e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi.
Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kēia maʻi?
Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i kāu kauka, e nīnau mua ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona. E nīnau pū ʻo ia e pili ana i kāu mau hana i hala koke nei. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Ua hele anei ʻoe i ka nahele i kēia mau lā aku nei?
- Ua ʻai anei ʻoe i kahi holoholona e like me ka ʻuku?
- Ua hoʻopā ʻia nā holoholona (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā lāpaki a me nā ʻiole)?
- Ua inu anei ʻoe i ka wai haumia?
A laila, ua nānā ʻia ke kino, e ʻimi ana i nā kīpē lymph pehu, nā ʻeha ʻili, nā loli i ka puʻu a i ʻole nā maka, a hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona.
- Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Lawe ʻia kahi hāpana koko e nānā i nā antibodies a ke kino i hana ai e kūʻē i ka bacteria. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea i ka wā mua, no laila pono paha ʻoe e hana hou i kahi hoʻāʻo ma hope o kekahi mau pule.
- Biopsy: Lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai kahi ʻeha ʻili a i ʻole kahi kīpē lymph pehu no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
- Nā laʻana ʻē aʻe: Nā mea huna o ka puʻu a i ʻole ka ihu, a me ke kahe a puni nā māmā inā he hōʻiliʻili wai.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia? Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia?
ʻAe, he maʻi kēia e hiki ke ho'ōla piha ʻia me nā lāʻau antibiotic. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau i ka wā hikiwawe loa. I kekahi manawa, ma muli o nā hōʻailona a me ka ʻike āu e hāʻawi ai, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo e hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena hoʻāʻo. ʻO kēia ke pale aku i ka maʻi mai ka lilo ʻana i mea koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic no 10 a 21 mau lā ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- ʻO Streptomycin
- Gentamicin
- ʻO Doxycycline ( Doxycycline )
- ʻO Ciprofloxacin
He mea nui loa: He mea nui e lawe i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o nā lāʻau antibiotic i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka. Mai ho'ōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau i ka hapalua o ka manawa no ka mea ua emi iho kou mau hōʻailona. ʻO ka hana ʻana pēlā e hoʻoikaika ai i nā bacteria i koe i loko o kou kino a hoʻi hou mai ka maʻi.
ʻAʻole anei e hoʻomaikaʻi kēia me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau? He aha nā pilikia?
ʻOiai paha e ola kekahi poʻe mai ka maʻi me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻia, he mea weliweli loa ia. Inā waiho ʻole ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi bacteria ʻano A, hiki i ka nui o ka make ke piʻi a hiki i ka 30%. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.
- Ka pōʻino nui o ka māmā (Acute respiratory distress syndrome - ARDS)
- Ka maʻi o ka lolo a i ʻole nā uhi o ka lolo (Meningitis)
- ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai (pericarditis)
- Nā maʻi iwi (Osteomyelitis)
- Ka hemahema o ke akepaʻa a me nā puʻupaʻa
No laila, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, hiki ke hoʻōla koke ʻia ke ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua lapaʻau .
Pehea lā e hiki ai iā kākou ke pale iā kākou iho mai kēia maʻi weliweli?
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke pale aku i kēia maʻi. Aia kekahi mau hana maʻalahi e hiki ai iā kākou ke hahai e hana i kēlā.
- Ka palekana ʻana i nā pepeke: Inā ʻoe e hele ana i kahi ululāʻau a i ʻole kahi mauʻu, e ʻaʻahu i nā lole e uhi piha i kou kino. E hoʻohana i ka pīpī pepeke. Ma hope o kou hoʻi ʻana mai waho mai, e nānā i kou kino no nā makika, ʻoiai kou poʻo a me kou mau ʻauwae.
- Mālama Holoholona: E kūkākūkā me kāu kauka holoholona e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai kāu mau holoholona e pale iā lākou iho mai nā ʻuku.
- E mālama pono i nā holoholona: Mai hoʻopā i nā holoholona hihiu (ola a make paha) me nā lima ʻōlohelohe. E komo i nā mīkina lima. E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i nā holoholona.
- Palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka wai: E kuke pono i nā ʻiʻo, e like me nā holoholona hihiu, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Mai inu pololei i ka wai mai nā muliwai a i ʻole nā kahawai i mālama ʻole ʻia.
- Ka palekana o ke kaiapuni: E pale i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lepo a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lepo kokoke i nā holoholona make. Inā pono ʻoe e hana pēlā, he mea naʻauao ke komo i ka pale maka e pale aku ai i ka hanu ʻana i ka lepo.
Āhea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
I ka manawa hea e ʻike ai i ke kauka ma ke ʻano laulā:
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka tularemia (ke kuni, ka pehu ʻana, nā ʻeha ʻili).
- Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua pili ʻoe i kēia bacteria, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā antibiotics e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.
- Inā hoʻi hou nā hōʻailona i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka mālama ʻana.
I ka manawa hea e hele koke ai i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) o ka haukapila:
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma lalo nei, mai hoʻonele i ka manawa a hele i ka ETU o ka haukapila kokoke loa.
- Inā ʻoi aku ke kuni ma mua o 39.4 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit).
- Dementia a i ʻole ka huikau noʻonoʻo.
- Ke kahe koko me ka luaʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻōpala.
- Ke ʻū ʻana i ke koko.
- Paʻakikī nui ka hanu ʻana.
- Ka loli ʻana o ke ʻano polū o ka ʻili, nā lehelehe, a i ʻole nā kui lima.
- ʻEha nui o ka ʻōpū.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻo Tularemia, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria i laha mai nā holoholona.
- ʻAʻole ia e laha mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka, akā hiki ke laha ma o nā nahu ʻupena, ka pili ʻana me nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka maʻi, a me ka meaʻai/wai i haumia.
- ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ka wela koke, nā kīʻaha lymph pehu, a me nā ʻeha o ka ʻili.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana. E pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā pepeke a mālama pono i nā holoholona.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ka maʻi palū ma hope o ka nahu ʻana a i ʻole ka nahu ʻana o kahi holoholona, e ʻike koke i ke kauka. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotics i ka wā mua hiki ke pale i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.
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