Lohe pinepine mākou a pau e pili ana i nā maʻi bacteria. Akā, aia kekahi mau ʻano bacteria ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio nui e pili ana, akā hiki ke hana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino, ʻoiai no ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi hui o nā bacteria e noho maʻamau ana i ke kaiapuni, akā i kekahi manawa e komo i loko o ko mākou kino a hana i nā maʻi.
He aha kēia NTM?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo NTM kahi pōkole no Nontuberculous Mycobacteria . He hui bacteria kēia. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a me ka maʻi lēpera. ʻO NTM kahi hui mycobacteria e pili ana i ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i kēlā mau maʻi, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoulu i kēlā mau maʻi ʻelua.
Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau bacteria ma nā wahi āpau o ke kaiapuni. Noho lākou ma ka lepo, ka lepo, a me ka wai. I ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻoiai inā komo kēia mau bacteria i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻaʻole mākou e maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi poʻe, ʻoiai ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, ke loaʻa i ka maʻi.
He aha nā ʻāpana o ke kino e hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi NTM?
- Nā māmā: ʻO ke ʻano maʻi maʻamau ka maʻi māmā.
- Koko
- Nā iwi (no ka pōkole, nā iwi)
- Nā kiko lymph (pehu ʻana)
- ʻIli a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi ma waho o nā māmā i kahi kanaka olakino me kahi ʻōnaehana pale maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kekahi kanaka me kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, hiki i kēia maʻi ke laha (hoʻolaha) ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
He aha nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi NTM?
Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi NTM. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau hōʻailona wale nō ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i kahi maʻi NTM.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau:
- Ke hele mai nei ke kuni
- Luhi
- Ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha
- Nā ʻōpū lymph pehu
Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau hōʻailona maʻamau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona kikoʻī ʻē aʻe ma muli o kahi o ka maʻi. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.
| Kahi o ka maʻi | Nā hōʻailona kikoʻī e ʻike ʻia |
|---|---|
| ʻIli | ʻEha, ʻulaʻula, pehu, ʻeha a ʻōpū paha, ʻulaʻula. |
| Nā iwi a me nā hono (Musculoskeletal) | ʻEha hui a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa o nā hui. |
| Nā māmā | ʻŪhū (i kekahi manawa me ke koko i loko o ka mucus), paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana. |
Pehea e hiki mai ai kēia maʻi NTM?
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, aia kēia bacteria i loko o ko mākou kaiapuni, no laila aia kekahi mau ala e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻokomo i loko o ko mākou kino.
- Ma o ka wai: Ma ka inu ʻana, ʻauʻau ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai i loaʻa ka bacteria NTM.
- Ma ka hanu ʻana: Ma ka hanu ʻana i nā bacteria i ke kaiapuni. He kiʻekiʻe loa kēia pilikia no kekahi mea i loaʻa mua i ka maʻi māmā.
- Ma o nā mea lapaʻau: Ma o kekahi mau mea lapaʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino (no ka laʻana, nā ʻōmole e like me ka laina venous waena) a i ʻole nā mea hana ʻoki.
- Ma o nā nila: Ma o nā nila lepo i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ... a i ʻole e kiʻi i nā peʻa.
ʻO ka mea nui, hiki ke lōʻihi ka manawa no kēia mau bacteria e komo i loko o ke kino a hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona. No laila, hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike pono i kahi a pehea i loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka maʻi.
He laha anei kēia mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka?
ʻAʻole. Kākaʻikahi loa ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi NTM mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he maʻi lele.
ʻO wai ka mea i pilikia nui?
ʻOiai aia kēia bacteria a puni mākou, ʻaʻole mākou a pau e maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kekahi poʻe i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi.
| Kumu pilikia | Wehewehena |
|---|---|
| ʻŌnaehana pale kino nāwaliwali | Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a i ʻole kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i kāu ʻōnaehana pale. |
| Nā lāʻau hoʻopau i ka pale ʻana | Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunosuppressive. |
| Ka maʻi māmā mua | Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi māmā e like me ka cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, asthma a i ʻole emphysema. |
| Nā mea hana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino | Inā he mau ʻōmole i loko o kou kino (e like me ka laina venous waena, ka ʻōmole hanu, ka ʻōmole hānai). |
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā wahine me ka helu helu kaumaha haʻahaʻa o ke kino (BMI) a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe e like me GERD (maʻi reflux acid) a me ka scoliosis e piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi NTM pulmonary.
Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i kēia, e Kauka?
No ka mea, ua like nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi NTM me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, pono kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e ʻike pololei ai. E hahai ke kauka i kēia mau ʻanuʻu:
1. Ke nīnau nei e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona: E hoʻolohe pono mākou e ʻike e pili ana i kou ʻeha.
2. Ke nānā nei i kou mōʻaukala olakino: Ke nīnau nei e pili ana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe āu e loaʻa nei a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei.
3. Ke kāpae ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe: E hōʻoia ʻaʻole ʻoe i loaʻa i nā maʻi maʻamau ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā kūlana olakino.
4. Nā hoʻāʻo kūikawā: Hoʻouna ʻia ke koko, ka hāpana ʻiʻo, a i ʻole ka hāpana sputum no kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua (`culture`) e nānā i nā bacteria NTM.
Nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics
- X-ray umauma
- Nānā CT
- Bronchoscopy: He kaʻina hana e hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi ʻōmole liʻiliʻi me kahi kāmela i loko o nā māmā no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
- Biopsy: Ke lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai ka wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
- Hoʻāʻo bacilli wikiwiki-ʻakika: Ka ʻike ʻana i ka mycobacteria i loko o ka sputum, koko, a i ʻole ka hāpana ʻiʻo.
ʻO ke ala wale nō e ʻike ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi NTM, ʻo ia ke ʻike ʻana i ke kauka a loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i kēia ma kāu iho.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?
He hana lōʻihi ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi NTM. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā kauka i ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha ʻano antibiotic . Pono paha e lawe ʻia kēia mau lāʻau no 12 mau mahina e hoʻopau loa i ka maʻi.
I kekahi mau hihia, pono paha ke ʻoki ʻana e wehe i nā ʻiʻo i hōʻino ʻia. No nā maʻi māmā, ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hanu a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mucus.
Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
ʻAe. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka manawa lōʻihi hiki ke hana i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao. No laila, inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē i ka wā e lawe ana i ka lāʻau, pono ʻoe e haʻi koke i kāu kauka.
Nā hopena ʻaoʻao hiki ke loaʻa:
- Ka hemahema o ka lohe
- Nā loli o ka ʻike
- Nā ʻano ʻē o ka puʻuwai ('Long QT syndrome')
- Ka hōʻino ʻana o ke akepaʻa a i ʻole nā puʻupaʻa
Āhea ʻoe e ʻimi ai i ke aʻo lapaʻau?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi māmā, kahi ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali, ua hana ʻia ke ʻoki kino, a i ʻole ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea lapaʻau i loko o kou kino, e nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hōʻailona hiki o kahi maʻi. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona kānalua, mai hoʻokaʻulua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau.
Āhea ʻoe e hele ai i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma lalo nei, e hele koke i ka ʻOihana Pilikia (ETU) o ka haukapila.
| ʻO ka hōʻailona koʻikoʻi | Wehewehena |
|---|---|
| kuni kiʻekiʻe | Inā ʻoi aku ke kuni ma mua o 40 degere Celsius (103 Fahrenheit). |
| Paʻakikī nui ka hanu ʻana | Inā paʻakikī loa ka hanu ʻana. |
| ʻEha umauma | Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha nui o ka umauma. |
| Ka huikau | Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, ka nele o ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka wahi a i ka manawa paha. |
| Ka maʻi ʻeha | Inā ʻulaʻula kahi ʻoki a ʻeha paha, pehu, ʻeha, a i ʻole ʻaʻole e ho'ōla. |
Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale iaʻu iho mai kēia maʻi?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi māmā a nāwaliwali paha ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia ma ka pale ʻana i nā wahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ka bacteria NTM.
- E hōʻalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻauʻau wela: ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea i loko o nā wahi paʻa.
- E pale i nā mea pīpī noe anu: E hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pīpī e hoʻopuka ana i nā kulu liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hanu ʻia.
- E makaʻala i ka wā e hana ana me ka lepo: E ʻaʻahu i ka pale maka a me nā mīkina lima, ʻoiai ke hana nei me ka lepo ipuhao.
- Mai hoʻopaʻa i nā peʻa: Aia kahi pilikia o ka maʻi mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako lepo.
He maʻi laha ʻole nā maʻi NTM. Akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi, hiki i ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia a me ka mālama ʻana ke lōʻihi. No laila he mea nui e hoʻomanawanui. E lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka, no ka manawa piha. E haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i kekahi ʻeha āu e ʻike ai i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.
Leka Lawe-Home
- He ʻano mycobacteria ka NTM ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka maʻi lēpela, akā noho i ke kaiapuni (lepo, wai).
- ʻAʻole laha pinepine kēia mau maʻi mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi kanaka.
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale kino nāwaliwali a me ka poʻe me ka maʻi māmā i nā maʻi NTM.
- Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni, ke kuni, ka luhi, a me ka pohō kaumaha, a he mea nui nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona pololei.
- Pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau i mau mahina o nā lāʻau antibiotic, a he mea nui loa e hahai i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka.
- Inā loaʻa nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi, pono ʻoe e hele koke i ka Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) o ka haukapila.
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