Cia peb kawm txog cov "ntshav" hauv peb lub cev. Lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas? Yooj yim xwb!

Koj puas tau xav tias peb yuav ua li cas hnov ​​​​​​tias yoov tom, lossis peb yuav ua li cas txav peb txhais tes lossis tham lus? Tom qab tag nrho cov no yog ib lub network zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov tub txib hauv peb lub cev. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov "ntshav" lossis hauv Sinhala, cov hlab ntsha. Cov no zoo li cov xov hlau uas nqa hluav taws xob.

Cov "nerves" yog dab tsi tiag?

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov hlab ntsha zoo li ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv peb lub cev. Cov xov hluav taws xob no yog cov uas xa cov hluav taws xob los ntawm koj lub hlwb mus rau lwm qhov ntawm koj lub cev, thiab rov qab mus rau koj lub hlwb. Xav txog nws, cov hlab ntsha pab koj hnov ​​​​​​ib yam dab tsi (piv txwv li, ib tug neeg kov koj txhais tes), txav koj cov leeg (piv txwv li, tsa koj txhais caj npab), thiab lwm yam. Lawv kuj pab tswj cov haujlwm autonomic uas peb tsis paub tias peb muaj.

Cov 'ntshav' no yog ua los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb hu ua 'neurons' . Cov 'neurons' no pom muaj thoob plaws hauv peb lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv lo lus 'ntshav' thaum tham txog lub paj hlwb sab nraum koj lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Peb hu qhov no ua 'peripheral nervous system' . Koj lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum ua ke ua 'central nervous system' . Yog li thaum ob qho no los ua ke, peb lub paj hlwb tag nrho tau tsim.

Puas muaj cov hlab ntsha? Lawv yog dab tsi?

Yog, muaj ob hom 'ntshav'. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.

Yuav ua li cas rau cov hlab ntsha sensory?

Cov hlab ntsha no zoo li cov neeg soj xyuas hauv koj lub cev. Lawv sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau qhov ntawm koj lub cev (xws li koj daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag, pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, tus nplaig) - uas yog, kov, saj, hnia, pom, hnov ​​- thiab coj mus rau koj lub hlwb. Xav txog, tus yoov tshaj cum tom koj txhais tes, koj hnov ​​nws vim yog cov hlab ntsha no. Cov lus ntawd mus rau koj lub hlwb sai sai.

Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub cev?

Cov hlab ntsha no zoo li cov tub rog uas ua raws li cov lus txib ntawm koj lub hlwb. Lawv coj cov lus los ntawm koj lub hlwb (piv txwv li, 'tsa koj txhais tes', 'co koj ceg') thiab xa mus rau koj cov leeg thiab cov qog. Thaum ntawd koj tuaj yeem txav mus los thiab ua ntau yam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, thaum koj xav luag ntxhi, cov lus los ntawm koj lub hlwb mus dhau cov hlab ntsha no mus rau cov leeg ntawm koj lub ntsej muag, uas yog qhov ua rau luag ntxhi ntawd.

Muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha ...

Nrog rau cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb uas tau hais los saum toj no, cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb raws li lawv ceg tawm ntawm peb lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum li cas.

Cov hlab ntsha Cranial yog dab tsi?

Cov no yog koj li ncaj qha.Cov hlab ntsha uas pib hauv lub hlwb thiab nthuav mus rau sab nraud. Muaj 12 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha no, kom meej meej. Lawv feem ntau nthuav mus rau koj lub ntsej muag, taub hau, thiab caj dab. Cov 'cranial nerves' no muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm sensory (piv txwv li, hnia, pom, saj), kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev (piv txwv li, txav lub qhov muag, qhia lub ntsej muag), lossis ob qho tib si. Piv txwv li, nws yog 'cranial nerves' uas pab koj tsa koj ob lub qhov muag thaum koj xav tsis thoob, thiab nws yog 'cranial nerves' uas pab koj hnia.

Cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus txha caj qaum yog dab tsi?

Cov hlab ntsha no pib hauv koj lub hlwb qaum . Muaj 31 khub ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas tawm ntawm lub hlwb qaum mus rau hauv koj lub hlwb qaum. Cov hlab ntsha qaum no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm kev hnov, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, lossis ob qho tib si. Piv txwv li, thaum koj hnov ​​​​​​mob lossis mob hauv koj txhais ceg, cov hlab ntsha no nqa cov lus mus rau lub hlwb qaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev xav uas koj ua yam tsis paub txog, xws li rub koj txhais tes sai sai thaum koj kov ib yam khoom kub, raug tswj hwm los ntawm cov hlab ntsha qaum no.

Cov hlab ntsha no muaj txiaj ntsig dab tsi rau peb lub cev?

Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav tias, 'Okay, muaj cov hlab ntsha no, tab sis lawv ua dab tsi rau peb?' Qhov tseeb, yog tsis muaj cov tub txib no hu ua 'cov hlab ntsha', peb yuav ua tsis tau dab tsi. Saib seb lawv tswj tau pes tsawg yam:

• Kev txav mus los ywj siab: Cov hlab ntsha no tswj txhua yam kev txav uas peb ua, xws li tsa peb txhais tes, txav peb ob txhais ceg, taug kev, thiab tham lus.
• Hnov txhua yam kev xav:
• Kov - qhov kev xav tias raug kov los ntawm ib tug neeg lossis cua.
• Mob - Qhov kev xav uas koj tau txais thaum koj raug mob lossis raug ntaus qhov twg.
• Hnov kub los yog txias.
• Hnov kev co.
• Kev hnov ​​lus.
• Kev xav tias muaj kev sib npaug - pab koj kom tsis txhob ntog thaum taug kev.
• Kev saj.
• Kev hnov ​​tsw ntxhiab.
• Pom kev.

Tag nrho cov no yog xa mus rau peb lub hlwb los ntawm 'cov hlab ntsha'.

• Tswj cov ntshav siab.
• Kev tswj kev ua pa.
• Tswj kev zom zaub mov.
• Kev tswj lub plawv dhia.
• Kev teb rau kev ntxhov siab: Npaj lub cev rau qhov xwm txheej ceev.

Cov hlab ntsha ua haujlwm li cas nrog lwm qhov ntawm peb lub paj hlwb?

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib, cov 'ntshav' no tsis ua haujlwm ib leeg. Lawv ua txhua yam no ua ke nrog peb lub paj hlwb tas. Qhov ntawd tshwm sim li cas?

Kuv tau hais ua ntej lawm tias muaj ob feem tseem ceeb rau peb lub paj hlwb:

1.Lub Cev Nervous System (PNS): Qhov no yog lub network ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas khiav thoob plaws lub cev. Nws zoo li cov kev uas khiav hla lub tebchaws. Cov kev no (cov hlab ntsha) sau cov lus (kev xav) los ntawm ntau qhov ntawm lub cev thiab coj lawv mus rau txoj kev loj, uas yog txoj hlab ntsha qaum.

2. 'Lub paj hlwb nruab nrab' (Lub paj hlwb nruab nrab - CNS): Qhov no yog peb lub chaw tswj hwm. Ntawd yog, lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum . Nws yog 'lub paj hlwb nruab nrab' no uas tau txais tag nrho cov lus los ntawm 'lub paj hlwb peripheral', nkag siab lawv, thiab txiav txim siab 'yuav ua li cas tom ntej?'. Tom qab ntawd cov kev txiav txim siab ntawd rov qab mus rau qhov chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm 'cov hlab ntsha'.

Xav txog nws li no. Koj tau txais ib tug pos hniav daig hauv koj ceg. Cov lus mob raug xa los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv koj ceg (ib feem ntawm PNS) mus rau koj tus txha caj qaum (ib feem ntawm CNS). Los ntawm tus txha caj qaum, cov lus mus rau koj lub hlwb (lwm qhov ntawm CNS). Lub hlwb nkag siab tias, "Auj, ib tug pos hniav daig hauv kuv, nws mob." Tom qab ntawd lub hlwb xa cov lus rov qab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau koj cov leeg nqaij ceg, hais rau lawv kom "tso koj ceg tseg." Thiab koj tso koj ceg tseg. Tag nrho cov no tshwm sim hauv ib lub qhov muag!

Qee zaum cov lus teb no tshwm sim ua cov kev ua reflexive , uas yog, ua ntej peb xav txog nws, ntawm qib qis dua ntawm kev paub. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov kev ua uas tau hais ua ntej ntawm kev rho ib tus tes ntawm ib yam dab tsi kub. Qhov no tshwm sim ua ntej cov lus mus txog lub hlwb, qhov twg cov hlab ntsha caj qaum txiav txim siab thiab ua tiav nws. Qhov no tso cai rau peb kom sai sai dim ntawm kev raug mob.

Thaum xa xov mus, muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lub paj hlwb?

Qhov kev sib pauv lus no tsis yog tsuas yog tshwm sim xwb. Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj heev, tab sis zoo kawg nkaus. Cia peb saib seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum lub zog hluav taws xob mus ncig raws cov hlab ntsha:

1. Ua ntej, lub teeb liab hluav taws xob no mus ncig raws ib feem ntev zoo li xov hlau ntawm cov hlab ntsha hu ua 'axon' . Xav txog nws zoo li hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm xov hlau.

2. Thaum nws mus txog qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha, hu ua 'axon hillock' , lub teeb liab hluav taws xob no yuav dhau los ua lub teeb liab tshuaj lom neeg .

3. Tom qab ntawd, cov cim tshuaj lom neeg no ua rau muaj kev tso tawm cov tshuaj xa xov tshwj xeeb hu ua neurotransmitters . Cov no raug tso tawm los ntawm ib lub neuron (lub hlwb) mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv me me ntawm lub neuron tom ntej lossis cov leeg. Peb hu qhov sib txawv no ua synapse . Nws zoo li tus choj.

4. Cov khoom me me 'neurotransmitter' uas raug tso tawm mus rau thiab txuas rau cov 'receptors' tshwj xeeb ntawm 'neuron' lossis cov leeg nqaij tom ntej. Ib yam li tus yuam sij haum rau hauv lub xauv.

5. Nrog rau qhov kev sib txuas no, lub teeb liab tshuaj ntawd yuav dhau los ua lub teeb liab hluav taws xob dua.

6. Ces lub teeb liab hluav taws xob tshiab no mus ncig raws li 'neuron' thib ob ntawd.

7. Ua li no, cov txheej txheem no yuav txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum cov lus mus txog nws lub hom phiaj - uas yog, qhov chaw xws li lub hlwb, cov leeg nqaij, lossis cov qog.

Xav seb qhov no tshwm sim sai npaum li cas! Muaj ntau lab cov lus sib tham hauv peb lub cev hauv ib feeb xwb.

Cov hlab ntsha no nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev?

Qhov tseeb, cov hlab ntsha nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv peb lub cev! Ib yam li cov hlab ntsha nyob txhua qhov chaw. Feem ntau cov hlab ntsha pib hauv peb tus txha caj qaum. Qee qhov pib ncaj qha hauv lub hlwb. Tom qab ntawd lawv nthuav dav thoob plaws lub cev.

Nov yog qee qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm 'nerves':

• Hauv tes: Cov hlab ntsha khiav ntawm koj lub xub pwg mus rau koj cov ntiv tes. Piv txwv li suav nrog cov hlab ntsha Ulnar , cov hlab ntsha Median , thiab cov hlab ntsha Radial . Qee zaum, thaum koj raug ntaus rau hauv lub luj tshib, nws zoo li muaj hluav taws xob poob los ntawm koj txhais tes vim tias cov hlab ntsha Ulnar raug nias.
• Hauv siab thiab plab: Thaj chaw no muaj cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb, xws li cov hlab ntsha phrenic , uas pab ua pa, thiab cov hlab ntsha vagus, uas koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam ntawm peb cov kabmob sab hauv.
• Lub Ntsej Muag: Cov hlab ntsha xws li cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsej muag, uas pab koj luag ntxhi, tham, thiab kaw koj ob lub qhov muag, cov hlab ntsha trigeminal , uas coj kev xav rau lub ntsej muag , thiab cov hlab ntsha optic , uas nqa yam koj pom mus rau lub hlwb, nyob hauv lub ntsej muag.
• Hauv ob txhais ceg: Muaj ntau cov hlab ntsha uas tswj kev xav thiab kev txav mus los hauv ob txhais ceg. Ntawm cov no, koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​​​txog cov hlab ntsha sciatic . Qhov no yog cov hlab ntsha ntev tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv lub cev. Thaum cov hlab ntsha no raug nias, nws ua rau mob sciatica. Kuj tseem muaj lwm cov hlab ntsha hauv ob txhais ceg, xws li cov hlab ntsha femoral thiab cov hlab ntsha tibial .
• Pelvis: Thaj chaw no muaj cov hlab ntsha uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xav ntawm cov kabmob, piv txwv li , cov hlab ntsha pudendal .

Hais yooj yim xwb, lub network ntawm 'nerves' no txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm koj cov ntiv tes mus rau saum koj lub taub hau.

Cov qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsim tau li cas?

Zoo, cia peb saib seb muaj dab tsi nyob hauv 'cov hlab ntsha' thiab nws ua li cas. 'cov hlab ntsha' zoo li ib txoj hlua loj uas muaj ntau cov xov hlau me me nyob hauv.

Muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha:

• Cov axons: Cov no yog cov pob xov zoo li hlau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Lawv yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev nqa cov lus.
• Dendrites: Cov no yog cov ceg ntawm lub neuron uas tau txais cov lus hluav taws xob los ntawm lwm cov neurons.
• Endoneurium: Qhov no yog cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas uas nyob ib puag ncig cov axon.
• Perineurium:Cov txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas uas nyob ib puag ncig cov pob me me (fascicles) uas tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau lub axons.
• Epineurium: Qhov no yog txheej sab nraud tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas uas npog tag nrho cov hlab ntsha, zoo li lub hnab yas sab nraud ntawm lub xov hlau.

Muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb heev, uas hu ua 'Myelin Sheath' . Muaj ib hom cell hu ua 'Oligodendrocytes' nyob ib puag ncig 'axons' ntawm 'cov hlab ntsha' hauv koj lub hlwb, thiab ib hom cell hu ua 'Schwann cells' nyob ib puag ncig 'axons' ntawm 'cov hlab ntsha' sab nraum lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum (CNS).

Ob lub oligodendrocytes thiab Schwann hlwb muaj cov rog hu ua myelin. Cov myelin no tsim ib lub plhaub ntau txheej nyob ib puag ncig lub axon, hu ua myelin sheath. Qhov no zoo li cov rwb thaiv tsev nyob ib puag ncig cov xov hluav taws xob. Lub plhaub myelin no yog qhov uas tso cai rau cov lus hluav taws xob mus ncig sai heev raws cov hlab ntsha. Xav txog, yog tias lub plhaub myelin no puas lawm, ib yam li cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov xov hlau xau, cov hlab ntsha tsis tuaj yeem xa cov lus sai li sai tau. Qee zaum, cov lus tuaj yeem tsis xa tag nrho.

Puas muaj tej yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha?

Yog lawm, hmoov tsis zoo, peb cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb heev kuj tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kev tsis zoo. Thaum cov hlab ntsha raug puas tsuaj, lossis thaum kev xa cov lus los ntawm lawv raug cuam tshuam, ntau yam mob ntawm lub paj hlwb tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Nov yog qee yam mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha:

• Kab mob Peripheral Neuropathy: Qhov no hais txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha sab nraud koj lub hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha caj qaum. Qhov no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ua rau. Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib . Cov tsos mob suav nrog loog, tingling, mob, thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm ob txhais ceg.
• Mob Sciatica: Kuv tau tham txog qhov no me ntsis ua ntej lawm. Qhov no yog thaum muaj kev nyem lossis kev nias rau ntawm cov hauv paus hlab ntsha hauv koj lub nraub qaum qis, lossis ntawm cov hlab ntsha sciatic uas khiav mus rau koj ob txhais ceg. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav thiab loog uas kis mus rau koj nraub qaum mus rau koj ob txhais ceg.

Muaj ntau lwm yam mob zoo li no uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha, yog li ntawd yog tias koj hnov ​​​​​​mob loog, mob, tsis muaj zog, lossis hloov pauv ntawm kev xav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob.

Peb ua tau dab tsi los pab kom peb cov hlab ntsha noj qab nyob zoo?

Peb cov hlab ntsha zoo li ib qho khoom muaj nqis heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog peb lub luag haujlwm los ua kom lawv noj qab nyob zoo. Yuav ua li ntawd, muaj qee yam yooj yim, tab sis tseem ceeb heev uas peb tuaj yeem ua raws li:

• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, lossis yog tias koj haus luam yeeb, tso tseg: Kev haus luam yeeb tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau tag nrho lub cev.
• Noj zaub mov kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum noj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nplej tag nrho, cov rog zoo, cov protein tsis muaj roj ntau, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub. Cov no muab cov khoom noj khoom haus tsim nyog rau cov hlab ntsha.
• Txwv kev haus dej cawv: Kev haus dej cawv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj.
• Tswj cov mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha: Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj mob zoo li ntshav qab zib , kev tswj nws kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv koj cov hlab ntsha.
• Txo kev ntxhov siab: Kev ntxhov siab mus sij hawm ntev tsis zoo rau cov hlab ntsha. Sim txo kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ua tej yam xws li kev xav thiab kev tawm dag zog.
• Pw tsaug zog zoo: Tau tsawg kawg 7-8 teev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog zoo txhua hmo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau tag nrho lub cev, suav nrog cov hlab ntsha.
• Haus dej txaus: Kev ua kom lub cev muaj dej txaus kuj pab kom cov hlab ntsha noj qab nyob zoo.

Ua raws li cov cwj pwm no yuav pab koj tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom koj cov hlab ntsha xwb, tab sis koj lub paj hlwb tag nrho noj qab nyob zoo.

Koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob txog dab tsi ntxiv txog cov hlab ntsha?

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov hlab ntsha, lossis yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob. Thaum koj ua li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug zoo li no:

• Kuv yuav paub tseeb li cas yog tias kuv mob hlab ntsha?
• Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau kuv mob 'nqaij' zoo li no?
• Kuv yuav kuaj dab tsi los xyuas seb kuv cov hlab ntsha puas noj qab nyob zoo?
• Kuv yuav tau txais kev kho mob dab tsi los txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kuv lub paj hlwb?
• Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv tau cov teeb meem 'ntshai' no kom tsis txhob tshwm sim dua?

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nug cov lus nug zoo li no thiab nkag siab meej txog koj qhov xwm txheej.

Thaum kawg, tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li peb tau tham ntau txog cov hlab ntsha hnub no. Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias cov hlab ntsha yog ib lub cev zoo kawg nkaus, nyuaj heev uas khiav thoob plaws peb lub cev, txij ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ko taw.

Cov 'ntshav' no txuas peb lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha caj qaum, thiab txhua qhov ntawm peb lub cev. Yog vim li ntawd peb thiaj li hnov, txav mus los, xav, thiab hais lus. Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis cov 'ntshav' no kuj tswj cov 'tsis siv neeg' uas peb ua tsis paub txog, xws li ua pa thiab zom zaub mov.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog koj lub luag haujlwm los ua kom koj lub paj hlwb noj qab nyob zoo. Ua raws li cov cwj pwm noj qab haus huv uas kuv tau hais ua ntej (noj zaub mov zoo, tawm dag zog, pw tsaug zog txaus, thiab tsis haus luam yeeb) yuav ua rau koj lub paj hlwb zoo dua. Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb, tsis txhob yig tham nrog kws kho mob. Ces koj tuaj yeem ua neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo siab!

Cov hlab ntsha, lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha caj qaum, lub paj hlwb, kev xav, kev txav mus los