Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog insulin. Vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev?

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​lo lus insulin lawm, puas yog? Tej zaum yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, lossis yog tias koj tus kheej yog tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, lub npe no yeej paub zoo heev. Yog li, insulin yog dab tsi? Vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev? Cia peb tham txog nws yooj yim, hauv txoj kev uas koj nkag siab tau.

Insulin yog dab tsi? Nws ua dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, insulin yog ib yam tshuaj hormones uas peb lub cev tsim tawm los ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib lub cev hu ua peb lub pancreas. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm insulin yog los pab peb lub cev cov cell siv cov suab thaj, lossis glucose hauv kev kho mob, los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj ua lub zog.

Xav txog nws li no, cov cell hauv peb lub cev zoo li cov tsev me me. Cov tsev no xav tau lub zog los ua haujlwm. Lub zog ntawd los ntawm glucose. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom cov glucose no nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev hu ua cell, nws xav tau tus yuam sij los qhib lub qhov rooj. Tus yuam sij ntawd yog insulin. Thaum insulin qhib lub qhov rooj ntawm cov cell, cov glucose hauv cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov cell thiab hloov mus ua lub zog.

Tam sim no koj nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm insulin, puas yog? Yog tias muaj qee yam ua rau peb lub pancreas tsis tsim insulin kom raug, lossis yog tias lub cev tsis siv tau insulin uas nws tsim tawm kom raug, cov glucose ntawd tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov cell. Ces qhov tshwm sim yog tias cov glucose hauv cov ntshav tsuas yog nce ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua ntshav qab zib siab (hyperglycemia) . Yog tias qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus, peb yuav ntsib tus kab mob hu ua ntshav qab zib.

Kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj insulin uas siv rau sab nraud los kho cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Peb yuav tham txog qhov ntawd tom qab.

Puas yog insulin txo cov ntshav qab zib lossis ua rau lawv nce ntxiv?

Yog lawm, insulin ua rau koj cov ntshav qab zib qis dua. Qhov ntawd yog nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tab sis peb lub cev ua haujlwm txawv txawv heev. Muaj lwm yam tshuaj hormones uas pab kom cov ntshav qab zib sib npaug, thiab qhov ntawd yog glucagon. Thaum insulin txo cov ntshav qab zib, glucagon ua rau cov ntshav qab zib nce thaum xav tau. Ob hom tshuaj hormones no ua haujlwm ua ke los ua kom peb cov ntshav qab zib nyob rau hauv qhov zoo.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj siv insulin sab nraud los kho tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, qee zaum yog koj siv ntau dua li qhov xav tau, koj cov ntshav qab zib yuav poob qis dhau. Qhov no hu ua hypoglycemia . Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum noj lossis haus qee cov qab zib sai sai kom kho nws. Kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj txhaj glucagon uas tuaj yeem muab tau yog tias koj cov ntshav qab zib poob qis heev. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov no.

Cov tshuaj insulin tsim nyob qhov twg?

Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, cov tshuaj insulin raug tsim tawm hauv peb lub txiav. Qhov tseeb dua, los ntawm cov hlwb beta hauv cov pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlwb hu ua cov islets ntawm Langerhans hauv lub txiav.Cov tshuaj hormones no yog tsim los ntawm lub pancreas. Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem endocrine . Uas yog, cov insulin tsim tawm raug tso tawm ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntshav.

Lub txiav kuj muaj lwm txoj haujlwm, uas yog exocrine , uas yog kev tso tawm cov enzymes los ntawm cov ducts uas pab zom zaub mov.

Cov mob twg uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog insulin?

Txawm hais tias insulin ntuj tsim txo qis, nce ntxiv, lossis tsis ua haujlwm zoo hauv lub cev, ntau yam mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Cov mob ntshav qab zib uas tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj insulin txaus

Yog tias cov tshuaj insulin tsis ua haujlwm zoo, cov ntshav qab zib yuav nce siab, ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib. Qee hom ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub txiav:

• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1: Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune . Hais yooj yim xwb, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov beta cell uas tsim insulin. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub cev tsim insulin yuav luag ploj tag.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 3c (tseem hu ua kab mob ntshav qab zib pancreatogenic): Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub pancreas puas lawm thiab tsis tsim cov insulin lawm. Qhov mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov mob xws li mob pancreatitis ntev thiab cystic fibrosis . Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab lub pancreas raug phais tshem tawm (pancreatectomy).
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib autoimmune uas tsis pom tseeb hauv cov neeg laus (LADA): Qhov no kuj yog los ntawm kev tiv thaiv autoimmune, zoo li kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tshwm sim qeeb dua. LADA feem ntau raug kuaj pom rau cov neeg hnub nyoog tshaj 30 xyoo.

Cov mob uas ua rau muaj kev tsis kam rau insulin

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho ua rau mob ntshav qab zib. Kev tsis kam insulin yog thaum peb cov leeg nqaij, cov rog, thiab cov hlwb siab tsis teb rau insulin zoo. Nws zoo li tus yuam sij hauv lub qhov rooj xauv tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob xws li:

• Mob Ua Ntej Mob Ntshav Qab Zib: Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas cov ntshav qab zib siab dua li qub, tab sis tsis siab txaus kom hu ua mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Kev tsis kam insulin yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem loj.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2: Qhov mob no tshwm sim thaum kev tiv thaiv insulin nce mus txog qhov uas lub txiav tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau nws, ua rau cov ntshav qab zib nce siab.
• Mob ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub:Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov tshuaj hormones uas lub placenta tso tawm ua rau tsis kam insulin. Yog tias lub pancreas tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev tsis kam no, ntshav qab zib thaum cev xeeb tub yuav tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no feem ntau zoo dua tom qab tus menyuam yug los.

Ntxiv mus, muaj ib hom kab mob ntshav qab zib uas muaj caj ces hu ua Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) . Qhov no kuj hu ua monogenic diabetes . Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tau kis mus rau ntau tiam neeg thiab cuam tshuam rau txoj kev uas lub cev tsim thiab siv insulin.

Ib qho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev muaj insulin ntau dhau

Ib qho mob qog uas tsis tshua muaj hu ua insulinoma tuaj yeem ua rau lub pancreas tsim cov insulin ntau dhau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav qab zib tsawg heev, qee zaum hnyav heev. Feem ntau, cov insulinomas no tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm kev phais.

Muaj hom insulin twg rau cov ntshav qab zib?

Muaj ntau hom insulin siv los kho tus kab mob ntshav qab zib. Feem ntau yog cov tshuaj txhaj - los ntawm koob, cwj mem, lossis lub twj. Kuj tseem muaj cov insulin uas nqus tau. Yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib, koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb hom insulin thiab koob tshuaj twg zoo rau koj. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav hloov kho koob tshuaj raws li qhov xav tau.

Cov hom insulin feem ntau raug muab faib ua raws li lawv ua haujlwm sai npaum li cas thiab lawv nyob ntev npaum li cas hauv lub cev .

• Cov insulin ua haujlwm sai: Hom insulin no pib ua haujlwm hauv 5-20 feeb thiab kav ntev li 3-5 teev. Nws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ib mus rau ob teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Insulin glulisine yog ib hom ntawm cov no. Insulin uas nqus pa kuj yog ib hom no. Cov no feem ntau noj ua ntej noj mov.
• Cov insulin ib txwm lossis cov insulin ua haujlwm luv luv: Cov no suav nrog Novolin R® thiab Humulin R® . Lawv pib ua haujlwm hauv 30-45 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj thiab kav ntev li 5-8 teev. Lawv nce siab tshaj plaws thaum 2-4 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
• Cov insulin ua haujlwm nruab nrab: Hom no siv sijhawm li ob teev los pib ua haujlwm. Nws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 4 thiab 12 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Nws kav ntev li 14-24 teev. Isophane insulin (NPH) yog ib hom ntawm cov no.
• Cov insulin kav ntev: Hom insulin no siv sijhawm li ib teev kom mus txog cov ntshav thiab pib ua haujlwm. Nws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 3 thiab 14 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Nws kav ntev li ib hnub. Insulin glargine yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm hom no.
• Cov insulin ua haujlwm ntev heev: Hom insulin no siv sijhawm li rau teev kom mus txog cov ntshav thiab tseem ua haujlwm ntawm tib theem li ob peb teev (txhais tau tias nws tsis nce siab tag nrho ib zaug). Nws kav ntev li ob hnub. Insulin degludec yog ib hom ntawm cov no.

Tseem Ceeb: Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia txog hom, koob tshuaj, thiab txoj kev siv insulin uas tau muab rau koj. Tsis txhob hloov koj cov koob tshuaj insulin yam tsis tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob.

Puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob insulin?

Qhov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm kev kho mob insulin yog cov ntshav qab zib qis (hypoglycemia) uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv insulin ntau dhau.

Sib nrug ntawm qhov ntawd, muaj lwm cov kev mob tshwm sim uas yuav tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj:

• Cov tawv nqaij ua xua rau qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj insulin: Thaum txhaj tshuaj insulin ntau zaus rau hauv tib thaj chaw, cov rog tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv qab daim tawv nqaij, ua rau muaj pob. Los yog, cov rog tuaj yeem tawg thiab ua rau muaj qhov me me hauv daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no hu ua localized lipodystrophy . Qhov no tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus ntawm insulin. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb kom hloov pauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj insulin ntau zaus.
• Kev ua xua rau insulin: Ib txhia neeg yuav muaj kev ua xua rau qee hom insulin. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob, kub hnyiab, tom qab ntawd daim tawv nqaij hloov xim, khaus, thiab o nyob ib puag ncig qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj rau ob peb teev.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv insulin: Tsis tshua muaj, vim tias cov insulin uas muab rau sab nraud txawv me ntsis ntawm cov insulin ntuj tsim tawm hauv lub cev, peb lub cev tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam nws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov insulin uas muab rau sab nraud kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm zoo. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj insulin ntau heev.

Cov chaw twg zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhaj tshuaj insulin?

Koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj insulin rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm koj lub cev. Feem ntau, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los txhaj tshuaj insulin yog qhov chaw uas koj muaj rog (cov nqaij adipose). Cov no yog:

• Koj lub plab cheeb tsam - tab sis tsawg kawg yog 2 nti (5 centimeters) ntawm koj lub puj ntaws.
• Pem hauv ntej lossis sab ntawm koj ob txhais ceg.
• Sab nraub qaum ntawm koj ob txhais caj npab sab saud.
• Sab saum toj ntawm koj lub pob tw.

Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, koj yuav tsum hloov chaw txhaj tshuaj insulin kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog tias koj txhaj ib qho chaw hnub no, ces txhaj rau lwm qhov chaw rau hnub tom qab. Koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob kom paub ntxiv txog qhov no.

Puas muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li qib insulin ib txwm muaj?

Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj ib qho "ib txwm" rau cov insulin. Qhov no yog vim txhua tus neeg txawv, thiab koj cov kev xav tau insulin tuaj yeem sib txawv heev ntawm ib teev mus rau ib teev thoob plaws hnub. Muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj cov insulin:

• Hom thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom noj uas koj noj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom noj uas muaj cov carbohydrates).
• Thaum twg koj noj thiab koj noj ntau npaum li cas .
• Koj qib kev ua ub ua no thiab hom kev tawm dag zog uas koj ua (piv txwv li, cardio lossis weightlifting).
• Txawm koj muaj mob los yog ntxhov siab los xij .
• Koj puas tsim los yog pw tsaug zog lawm?
• Lwm hom tshuaj hormones.
• Qee cov tshuaj, xws li corticosteroids .

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsis muaj kev kuaj mob uas tsuas yog kuaj koj cov insulin xwb. Feem ntau, cov ntshav qab zib raug kuaj xyuas.

Cov neeg uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 puas tseem xav tau insulin?

Tsis yog txhua tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2, tab sis qee tus neeg, xav tau insulin los tswj tus kab mob kom zoo.

Muaj ntau hom tshuaj kho mob ntshav qab zib hom 2. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj noj thiab cov tshuaj txhaj GLP-1 agonist . Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm los tawm tsam kev tsis kam insulin hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kev tsis kam insulin hnyav heev, cov tshuaj no ib leeg yuav tsis txaus los ua kom cov ntshav qab zib noj qab nyob zoo. Thaum ntawd yog lub sijhawm uas xav tau insulin.

Ib tug neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib yuav nyob ntev npaum li cas yam tsis muaj insulin?

Ib tug neeg uas muaj tus kab mob ntshav qab zib uas siv insulin ntau dhau yuav tsum tau siv insulin los ntawm lwm tus kom thiaj li ciaj sia. Yog tsis muaj nws, ces yuav muaj teeb meem loj heev uas hu ua Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) .

DKA yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim sai sai thiab hnyav heev. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv 24 teev. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai dua yog tias koj ntuav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hu rau kws kho mob lossis mus rau tsev kho mob sai li sai tau thaum koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm DKA. Yog tias tsis kho, DKA tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Yog li, tej zaum koj tam sim no nkag siab tias insulin yog ib qho tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb uas pab peb lub cev kom noj qab nyob zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.

• Insulin yog ib yam tshuaj hormones uas peb lub pancreas tsim tawm. Nws pab thauj cov suab thaj (glucose) los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov cell thiab tsim kom muaj zog.
• Yog tias koj lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov insulin txaus lossis siv nws kom raug, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kom siv cov insulin sab nraud los kho tus mob ntshav qab zib.
• Yog tias koj tau txais tshuaj insulin, siv nws raws nraim li koj tus kws kho mob qhia rau koj.Ua raws li qhov ntau npaum li cas, lub sijhawm, thiab qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj kom raug.
• Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm hypoglycemia (piv txwv li, tawm hws, tshee hnyo, tsaus muag, lub plawv dhia ceev), noj qee cov suab thaj tam sim ntawd.
• Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (piv txwv li, nqhis dej ntau dhau, tso zis ntau zaus, xeev siab, ntuav, mob plab, ua pa nyuaj, ua pa tsw qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo) , nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog insulin lossis ntshav qab zib, tsis txhob yig nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.

` Insulin, ntshav qab zib, ntshav qab zib, pancreas, cov tshuaj hormones, kev kho mob ntshav qab zib, hom insulin