Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Lub Cev: Cia peb kawm txog Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob hauv txoj kev yooj yim!

Koj puas tau xav txog cov tub rog me me hauv peb lub cev? Nws zoo li peb pab tub rog me me. Thaum peb mob lossis muaj tshuaj lom nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, cov no yog cov uas tawm tsam los cawm peb. Cov phab ej me me ntawd yog cov uas peb hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob , lossis "Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob" hauv lus Askiv. Lwm lub npe rau qhov no yog "Immunoglobulin".

Cov antigens thiab cov antibodies yog dab tsi? Lawv pib sib ntaus li cas?

Hais yooj yim xwb, ' Antigen' yog txhua yam uas ua rau peb lub cev puas tsuaj, los ntawm sab nraud. Xav txog ib tug tub sab nkag mus rau hauv koj lub tsev. Tus tub sab ntawd yog 'Antigen'. Cov tub sab no tuaj yeem ua ntau yam sib txawv:

• Cov kab mob
• Cov kab mob
• Cov nceb
• Cov tshuaj ua xua
• Cov tshuaj lom los ntawm cov tsiaj
• Lwm yam tshuaj lom sib txawv

Tam sim no, thaum tus kab mob '(Antigen)' no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tam sim ntawd paub nws. Peb lub cev nkag siab tias, "Auj ... muaj ib tug neeg uas peb tsis paub tuaj, thiab tus neeg no tsis yog ib tug ntawm peb." Thaum ntawd peb cov tub rog, " Antibody" hu tuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim. Cov no mus ntes tus kab mob '(Antigen)' ntawd, rhuav tshem nws, thiab pab nws tawm ntawm lub cev. Nws zoo li ntes tus tub sab ntawd thiab muab rau tub ceev xwm.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tsim tawm qhov twg? Lawv nyob qhov twg hauv lub cev?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm ib hom qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev. Lawv hu ua B cell . Thaum ib qho "antigen" los thiab ntaus ib lub qe ntshav B, lub qe ntshav B ntawd faib thiab ua ntau lub qe ntshav ntxiv. Nws zoo li "kev theej duab". Peb hu cov qe ntshav tshiab no tias " plasma cells". Nws yog los ntawm cov qe ntshav plasma uas muaj ntau lab tus tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raug tsim thiab tso tawm rau hauv peb cov ntshav thiab cov kua dej.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim tawm los ntawm txoj kev no tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hauv peb lub cev xwb.

• Hauv peb daim tawv nqaij
• Hauv cov ntsws
• Kua muag ntws
• Hauv cov qaub ncaug
• Thaum leej niam pub niam mis rau nws tus menyuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov, cov mis nyuj tuab, hu ua colostrum , muaj ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no. Yog vim li cas kev pub niam mis ua rau tus menyuam muaj peev xwm tiv taus kab mob ntau dua . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tus menyuam tau txais kev tiv thaiv los ntawm leej niam.

Cov monoclonal antibodies uas peb tau hnov ​​​​txog yog dab tsi?

Ib qho uas cov kws kho mob tab tom tham txog niaj hnub no yog cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies . Cov no tsis yog cov tshuaj antibody uas tshwm sim ntuj tsim hauv peb lub cev. Lawv yog ib hom tshuaj antibody uas tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj. Lawv tau tsim los ua tib yam li peb cov tshuaj antibody ua. Lawv tau tsim los tawm tsam tsuas yog ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev kho mob noKuj hu ua 'Immunotherapy'.

Cov kab mob twg tuaj yeem kho tau nrog cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies?

Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim los ntawm tib neeg no hu ua '(Monoclonal Antibodies)' yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob. Vim tias txhua '(Monoclonal Antibody)' yog tsim los rau ib qho '(Antigen)' tshwj xeeb. Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv:

• Hom Mob Cancer
• Cov kab mob sib koom ua ke xws li mob caj dab rheumatoid
• Qee cov kab mob plawv
• Kab mob ntau yam sclerosis (MS)
• Kab mob ulcerative colitis (mob plab hnyuv)
• Lupus
• Kab mob Crohn
• Psoriasis, ib yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij
• Tsum tsis txhob muab hloov cev nqaij daim tawv hloov

Puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (antibodies)? Lawv yog dab tsi?

Yog lawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo ib yam. Lawv muab faib ua 5 hom tseem ceeb raws li lawv qhov chaw thiab kev ua haujlwm. Txhua hom yog muab lub npe tom qab ib tsab ntawv Askiv. Lo lus 'Immunoglobulin' yog luv thiab 'Ig' yog ntxiv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tsab ntawv no.

1. IgG: Qhov no yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb cov ntshav thiab lwm cov kua dej hauv lub cev. Nws yog cov no uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob me me thiab cov kab mob me me. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv 'IgG' no tuaj yeem hla lub placenta ntawm leej niam thiab muab kev tiv thaiv rau tus menyuam hauv plab.

2. IgA: Cov no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub cev ua pa (qhov ntswg, caj pas, ntsws) thiab lub cev zom zaub mov (txoj hnyuv). Lawv kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qaub ncaug, kua muag, thiab mis niam. Lawv pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ua ntej lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.

3. IgM: Thaum muaj kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv 'IgM' no yog thawj cov uas tawm tsam . Lawv pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov kua dej lymph.

4. IgE: Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no feem ntau yog txuam nrog kev ua xua . Cov qib IgE nce ntxiv thaum lub cev teb rau cov khoom xws li paj ntoos thiab hmoov av. Lawv kuj tawm tsam cov kab mob parasitic.

5. IgD: Tseem muaj ntau yam kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, tab sis tam sim no ntseeg tias lawv pab ua kom cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm. Lawv pom muaj me me hauv cov ntshav.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no ua los ntawm dab tsi tiag? Lawv zoo li cas?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib hom protein . Txhua lub tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ua los ntawm plaub lub polypeptides . Polypeptides yog cov saw hlau ntawm ob lossis ntau dua amino acids. Ob ntawm cov saw hlau no hu ua "hnyav saw hlau" thiab ob lub ntxiv hu ua "light saw hlau."

Cov saw hlau plaub no sib sau ua ke los ua cov duab zoo li tsab ntawv Askiv 'Y'.Yog li ntawd ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau tsim. Xav txog tias ob qhov kawg ntawm cov ceg sab saud ntawm tsab ntawv 'Y' txawv, thiab cov amino acid sib lawv liag ntawm cov chaw ntawd txawv rau txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov txawv ntawd yog vim li cas txhua lub tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog paub txog ib qho '(Antigen)' thiab tawm tsam nws. Ib yam li txhua tus yuam sij haum txhua lub qhov tseem ceeb.

Cia peb tham me ntsis txog COVID Antibodies, puas yog?

Yog lawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob COVID yog ib yam dab tsi uas txhua tus neeg tab tom tham txog niaj hnub no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tus kab mob uas ua rau COVID-19 tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg uas tau zoo los ntawm tus kab mob, lossis hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg uas tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19. Txawm tias koj tau muaj COVID ua ntej los xij, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau ntxiv thiab ua rau koj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm tus kab mob.

Kuv yuav paub li cas yog tias kuv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Covid?

Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau seb koj puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID los ntawm kev kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv . Cov kev kuaj no muaj nyob rau ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob, qee lub tsev muag tshuaj, thiab koj tus kws kho mob kuj tuaj yeem qhia koj txog lawv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Covid nyob hauv lub cev ntev npaum li cas?

Kev tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom ua mus, tab sis kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov neeg uas tau zoo los ntawm COVID-19 muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas kav ntev li tsib txog rau lub hlis . Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias cov neeg uas tau zoo los ntawm COVID muaj "cov hlwb B nco" uas tuaj yeem nyob ntev tau ntau xyoo, thiab cov hlwb nco no tuaj yeem tsom mus rau tus kab mob sai sai yog tias nws rov qab los.

Cov no yog hom tshuaj thyroglobulin antibodies twg?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thyroglobulin feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem thyroid, xws li cov neeg uas muaj hyperthyroidism (thyroid hormone ntau dhau) lossis hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone tsawg dhau). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tawm tsam cov protein hu ua thyroglobulin (uas yog cov ua ntej ntawm thyroid hormone). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub qog thyroid puas tsuaj.

Kev Ntsuas Antithyroglobulin Antibody yog dab tsi?

Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj teeb meem nrog koj lub qog thyroid, nws yuav hais kom kuaj cov tshuaj anti-thyroglobulin no. Qhov kev kuaj no kuj tseem siv los saib xyuas kev nce qib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav thyroid tom qab kev kho mob.

Yog tias kuv kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob, yuav ua li cas?

Yog tias qhov kev kuaj no pom tias koj muaj cov tshuaj thyroglobulin hauv koj cov ntshav, nws txhais tau tias koj muaj mob thyroid. Ib txhia ntawm cov mob no suav nrog:

• Kev mob hyperthyroidism
• Kev mob hypothyroidism
• Kab mob Hashimoto
• Kab mob Graves
• Mob thyroiditis subacute
• Lupus
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1

Yog li cov autoantibodies no yog dab tsi?

Cov no kuj hu ua antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). Autoantibodies yog ib hom antibody uas tawm tsam cov protein ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov nuclei ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv hauv peb lub cev. Xav txog nws zoo li peb tus kheej tiv thaiv tawm tsam peb tus kheej. Cov autoantibodies no yuam kev cov protein noj qab haus huv hauv lub cev rau qhov txaus ntshai thiab tsis tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd, peb lub cev pib tawm tsam lawv tus kheej. Cov neeg feem coob muaj cov autoantibodies no me me heev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lawv muaj ntau heev, nws feem ntau qhia txog tus kab mob autoimmune .

Yuav kuaj cov tshuaj antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) li cas?

Qhov kev kuaj ntshav tseem ceeb uas siv los kuaj xyuas cov 'ANAs' no yog ' kev kuaj fluorescent antinuclear antibody '. Hauv qhov kev kuaj no, cov kws kho mob saib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj fluorescent nyob rau hauv lub tshuab microscope thiab txiav txim siab qhov muaj zog thiab tus qauv ntawm fluorescence. Qhov kev kuaj no feem ntau yog siv los lees paub qhov muaj cov kab mob xws li lupus.

Qhov kev kuaj ANA zoo txhais li cas?

Qhov "zoo" los ntawm kev kuaj ANA tsis tas txhais tau tias koj muaj kab mob autoimmune, tab sis txhais tau tias koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav tshawb xyuas ntxiv. Yog tias koj tau txais qhov "zoo", koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom kuaj ntxiv.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog li cas peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev kis kab mob, cov tshuaj ua xua, thiab cov tshuaj lom. Peb lub cev tsim cov protein no ntuj. Qee zaum, cov tshuaj monoclonal uas ua hauv chav kuaj mob siv los kho qee yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, xws li mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob plawv, thiab mob pob qij txha rheumatoid.

Cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li cia peb sau qee yam uas peb tau tham txog uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov:

• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog peb lub cev txoj kev tiv thaiv. Lawv pab tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev tawm tsam cov kab mob txawv teb chaws thiab cov tshuaj lom (antigens).
• Cov no yog tsim los ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hu ua B cell .
• Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), txhua tus muaj nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
• Cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies yog ib hom tshuaj antibody tshwj xeeb uas ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj. Lawv yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav.
• Peb tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID los ntawm kev mob nkeeg thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Qee zaum peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tawm tsam peb lub cev. Cov no hu ua autoantibodies . Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov kab mob autoimmune.

Yog li, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov tub rog me me no hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj nqis npaum li cas rau peb lub cev. Lawv yog cov uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug ntxiv txog qhov no, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob.

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