Tej yam koj yuav tsum paub txog cov khoom dub ntawm lub hlwb (Substantia Nigra)!

Koj puas tau xav paub tias koj lub cev txav mus los, txoj kev koj taug kev, txoj kev koj txav koj txhais tes thiab ob txhais ceg, raug tswj hwm li cas? Tag nrho cov no yog txuas nrog ib feem me me tab sis tseem ceeb heev ntawm peb lub hlwb. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog hu ua Substantia Nigra . Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog qhov zoo kawg no.

Yog li, ua li cas rau Substantia Nigra?

Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov no hu ua substantia nigra yog ib feem ntawm 'Basal Ganglia' system hauv koj lub hlwb. Yog xav kom meej meej, qhov no yog qhov pab tswj koj cov kev txav mus los thiab cov leeg nqaij. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov no yog tias substantia nigra tsim cov tshuaj tseem ceeb heev hu ua dopamine . Cov dopamine no zoo li tus neeg xa xov hauv peb lub hlwb. Muaj ob feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov substantia nigra no. Txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv txawv me ntsis.

1. SN pars reticulata

Qhov no feem ntau yog koom nrog kev tswj hwm kev txav ntawm koj lub qhov muag, thiab koj lub peev xwm los kawm tej yam tshiab thiab xav. Cov hlwb hlwb hauv thaj chaw no muaj cov tshuaj hu ua gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . GABA ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txo cov haujlwm tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov hlwb hlwb. Ntawd yog, nws pab tiv thaiv lub hlwb kom tsis txhob xa cov cim tsis tsim nyog mus rau cov leeg. Qhov no zoo li tub ceev xwm tsheb nres cov tsheb tsis tsim nyog.

2. SN pars compacta

Cov neurons, lossis cov hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb, nyob rau hauv qhov no yog qhov chaw uas cov tshuaj dopamine uas tau hais ua ntej muaj ntau tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, qhov no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntau yam, xws li koj txoj kev xav, koj lub peev xwm kawm, koj txiav txim siab li cas txog kev pheej hmoo thiab cov khoom plig, thiab koj lub hom phiaj. Kev txo qis ntawm dopamine yog qhov ua rau muaj cov mob xws li tus kab mob Parkinson .

Yog li, Substantia Nigra nyob qhov twg?

Qhov no hu ua substantia nigra (SN) nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm koj lub hlwb, uas hu ua midbrain . Raws li lub npe qhia, nws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm koj lub hlwb. Yog xav kom meej, nws nyob saum lub hlwb me ntsis, ze ntawm qhov chaw uas lub taub hau thiab caj dab sib ntsib thiab cov hlab ntsha pib. Txawm hais tias peb hu nws ua 'substantia nigra', qhov tseeb muaj ob feem ntawm koj lub hlwb. Lawv nyob rau ob sab ntawm midbrain. Txhua feem muaj cov feem uas tau hais ua ntej hu ua pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) thiab pars compacta (SN pars compacta). Thaum ob qho no sib koom ua ke, lawv hu ua 'substantia nigra' (substantiae nigrae).

Qhov no zoo li cas? Xim dab tsi? Puas loj?

Koj pom, lub npe Substantia Nigra los ntawm Latin. Nws txhais tau tias 'cov khoom dub' . Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias thaum lub hlwb seem feem ntau yog xim grey pinkish, qhov no hu ua Substantia Nigra tsaus dua. Yog xav kom meej, nws zoo li ib txoj hlua dub uas muaj cov ntaub so ntswg xim dawb. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias cov hlwb hlwb hauv thaj chaw no muaj cov tshuaj hu ua Melanin . Koj puas paub, Melanin kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv peb cov tawv nqaij. Thaum raug tshav ntuj, peb cov tawv nqaij hloov xim av (tan) vim yog Melanin no. Yog tias koj nug tias nws loj npaum li cas, nws yog ib feem me me heev. Xav txog, koj tuaj yeem haum txog 25 ntawm cov substantia nigras no hauv lub pob golf ib txwm muaj! Nws yog qhov me me ntawd. Lwm yam, txawm hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm lub basal ganglia, lub substantia nigra (SN) tsis yog ganglion. Nws yog lub nucleus , uas yog ib qho qauv hauv lub paj hlwb uas muaj ib pawg ntawm cov hlwb uas ua tib yam, lossis muaj tib hom kev sib txuas.

Substantia Nigra ua los ntawm dab tsi?

Koj lub basal ganglia, suav nrog substantia nigra, yog ua los ntawm ob hom hlwb tseem ceeb. Cia peb tham txog lawv kom meej.

• Cov hlwb hlwb (Neurons) : Cov no yog cov hlwb hauv koj lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb . Lawv yog cov uas xa thiab xa cov cim qhia. Lawv tuaj yeem xa cov cim qhia los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob.
• Cov hlwb Glial: Cov no zoo li cov hlwb pab ntawm lub paj hlwb. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis xa cov cim ntawm cov hlab ntsha ncaj qha los xij, lawv pab cov neurons uas ua txoj haujlwm ntawd.

Me ntsis txog cov neurons

Cov hlwb neurons yog ib hom hlwb uas xa thiab txais cov lus los ntawm koj lub paj hlwb siv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Ib lub hlwb neurons muaj cov ntu no:

• Lub cev ntawm lub cell: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell.
• Axon: Qhov no yog ib feem ntev zoo li caj npab uas nthuav tawm ntawm lub cev hlwb. Nyob rau sab kawg ntawm lub axon muaj ntau qhov ntev zoo li ntiv tes. Qhov no yog qhov uas lub teeb liab hluav taws xob los ntawm neuron raug hloov mus ua lub teeb liab tshuaj. Cov feem zoo li ntiv tes no kuj hu ua synapses . Cov no yog qhov uas lub neuron txuas rau lwm cov hlwb hlwb ze.
• Cov Dendrites: Cov no yog cov qauv me me, zoo li ceg ntoo ntawm lub cev cell (lub npe los ntawm lo lus Latin txhais tau tias 'zoo li ntoo'). Cov dendrites tau txais cov cim tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm synapses ntawm lwm cov neurons.
• Myelin (Myelin : Qhov no yog ib txheej rog nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig lub axon ntawm ib lub neuron. Nws ua haujlwm ua ib daim npog tiv thaiv.

Kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev (neural connections) nyuaj heev. Cov dendrites hauv ib lub hlab ntsha hauv lub cev (neuron) tuaj yeem txuas rau ntau txhiab lwm cov synapses. Qee cov hlab ntsha ntev, qee cov luv. Qhov no nyob ntawm seb lawv nyob qhov twg hauv lub cev thiab lawv ua haujlwm dab tsi.

Cov hlwb glial yog dab tsi?

Cov hlwb glial ua ntau yam sib txawv. Lawv pab cov neurons loj hlob thiab txhim kho thaum koj tseem hluas, thiab lawv pab tswj cov neurons ua haujlwm li cas thoob plaws koj lub neej. Lawv kuj tiv thaiv koj lub paj hlwb los ntawm kev kis kab mob, tswj kev sib npaug ntawm koj lub paj hlwb, thiab ua rau myelin sheath nyob ib puag ncig koj cov axons. Koj puas paub? Muaj li kaum npaug ntau dua glial hlwb dua li cov neurons hauv koj lub paj hlwb!

Cov kab mob dab tsi feem ntau cuam tshuam rau Substantia Nigra?

Muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab tej yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau Substantia Nigra. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog:

• Kab mob Alzheimer
• Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb
• Kev raug mob taub hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev raug mob hlwb xws li kev raug mob taub hau
• Kev raug tshuaj lom lossis cov tshuaj lom xws li Trichloroethylene (TCE)
• Cov kab mob (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob uas ua rau lub hlwb o, xws li mob hlwb encephalitis )
• Cov mob inflammatory lossis autoimmune , xws li lupus
• Cov mob uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces xws li tus kab mob Huntington
• Lewy lub cev dementia
• Kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau lub cev
• Kab mob Parkinson - Qhov no yog kab mob uas feem ntau tham txog uas cuam tshuam nrog Substantia Nigra, vim tias hauv kab mob no, cov hlwb uas tsim cov dopamine raug rhuav tshem.
• Kev mob caj dab supranuclear palsy nce ntxiv
• Mob stroke
• Kab mob Wilson

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog Substantia Nigra yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub basal ganglia system, lossis substantia nigra, feem ntau nyob ntawm hom kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov tsos mob uas pom ntau:

• Teeb meem kev sib npaug thiab kev sib koom tes
• Cov leeg tsis muaj zog thiab mob ntswj
• Kev co thiab kev co
• Muaj teeb meem nrog kev tsom ntsoov, kev xav lossis kev daws teeb meem
• Nyuaj tswj kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag, ua rau muaj teeb meem pom kev

Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau cov mob zoo li no?

Muaj ntau yam kev kuaj mob uas tuaj yeem pab kuaj mob uas cuam tshuam rau koj lub hlwb, lossis substantia nigra. Cov kev kuaj mob uas siv ntau tshaj plaws yog:

• Kev kuaj ntshav: Cov no tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau yam, los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob mus rau seb cov tshuaj lom thiab cov tshuaj lom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau xws li tooj liab, mercury, thiab txhuas, puas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.
• Kev siv computer los thaij duab (CT scan)
• Cov peev xwm ua rau muaj (kev ntsuam xyuas kev xav)
• Kev kuaj noob caj noob ces
• Kev kuaj mob magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Kev ntsuas positron emission tomography (PET)
• Kev siv tshuab xam zauv ib zaug xwb (SPECT scan)

Cov kev kho mob rau cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog Substantia Nigra yog dab tsi?

Vim muaj ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau qhov substantia nigra, cov kev kho mob uas muaj kuj sib txawv heev. Hom kev kho mob uas koj tau txais nyob ntawm seb koj muaj mob dab tsi. Qee zaum cov mob no tuaj yeem tswj tau nrog tshuaj . Lwm yam mob yuav xav tau kev phais . Txawm hais tias qee yam mob tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho, lwm yam yuav tsis teb rau kev kho mob. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas mob tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho, feem ntau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tswj cov tsos mob .

Kuv ua tau dab tsi los tiv thaiv kuv Substantia Nigra?

Muaj ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau koj lub hlwb, lossis substantia nigra, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau lossis tsawg kawg ncua sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob ParkinsonMuaj tej yam kab mob, xws li mob qog noj ntshav, nyuaj rau tiv thaiv vim tias lawv tshwm sim tsis tau xav txog. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm no yog qee yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau:

• Noj zaub mov kom sib npaug. Cov zaub mov uas koj noj cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj lub cev ntshav thiab koj qhov hnyav. Ob qho no muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj lub hlwb.
• Ua kom koj lub cev muaj zog tsis tu ncua thiab tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo. Koj qhov hnyav thiab koj qib kev ua ub ua no yuav pab tiv thaiv lossis ncua cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntshav siab lossis mob hlwb.
• Hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thaum tsim nyog. Kev raug mob taub hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev raug mob taub hau thiab lwm yam kev raug mob rau lub hlwb, tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj. Qhov kev puas tsuaj qee zaum tuaj yeem mus tas li. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv kev raug mob rau lub hlwb, ob qho tib si thaum ua haujlwm thiab thaum lub sijhawm so.
• Tswj koj cov mob uas mob ntev. Muaj ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb uas mob hnyav zuj zus tuaj. Kev kho cov mob ntev no kom zoo yuav ua rau lawv mob qeeb zuj zus thiab txo cov tsos mob.

Cov Lus Xaus Kawg coj mus tsev

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub substantia nigra yog ib feem me me ntawm peb lub hlwb, tab sis nws ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Txawm hais tias cov kws tshaj lij tseem kawm ntau yam txog nws, peb twb paub ntau yam lawm. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub hlwb cov hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub cev. Nws kuj pab sib koom tes peb cov kev txav mus los, kev pom kev, thiab ntau lwm yam.

Nco ntsoov tias, koj lub hlwb noj qab haus huv tseem ceeb heev rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov ​​qab saib xyuas koj lub hlwb thiab ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv.

Thaum thev naus laus zis nce qib thiab kev tshawb fawb kho mob nce qib, peb yuav kawm ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm sab hauv ntawm Substantia Nigra thiab yuav kho cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau nws li cas. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev cia siab!

---

Substantia Nigra, Lub Hlwb, Dopamine, Kab Mob Parkinson, Kev Txav Mus Los, Lub Cev Nervous