Cia peb kawm txog cov qe ntshav B hauv ib txoj kev yooj yim? Cov me nyuam tiv thaiv koj lub cev!

Koj puas tau xav tias puas muaj kev ua tsov rog uas peb tsis pom tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev txhua lub sijhawm? Yog lawm, qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Cov neeg zov me nyuam hauv peb lub cev tawm tsam cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob los ntawm sab nraud. Ib pawg tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov neeg zov me nyuam ntawd yog cov hlwb B no. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov hlwb B no thiab lawv tiv thaiv peb li cas ntawm cov kab mob.

Cov qe ntshav B yog dab tsi tiag?

Cov qe ntshav B, raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb hauv peb cov ntshav. Peb kuj hu lawv tias '(B lymphocytes)'. Cov qe ntshav B no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tiv thaiv koj ntawm kab mob. Lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb hu ua '(antibodies)' los tawm tsam cov 'pathogens' uas ua rau mob - tej yam xws li cov kab mob, cov kab mob me me, thiab cov kab mob parasitic - uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.

Cov qe ntshav B thiab cov qe ntshav T yog ob hom qe ntshav uas yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hu ua lymphocytes. Cov qe ntshav lymphocytes no tawm tsam cov qe ntshav tsis zoo thiab cov qe ntshav tsis zoo xws li cov qe ntshav qog nqaij hlav. Cov qe ntshav T rhuav tshem cov kab mob thiab sib koom tes ua ke lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev xa cov cim mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Cov qe ntshav B, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los teb rau cov antigens. Antigens zoo li daim npav ID. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub txog tej yam hauv peb lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tej yam txaus ntshai xws li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob me.

Cov hom hlwb B tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Zoo, tam sim no koj paub tias cov qe ntshav B yog dab tsi. Muaj ob hom qe ntshav B tseem ceeb. Lawv yog cov qe ntshav plasma thiab cov qe ntshav nco qab. Ob hom no pab tiv thaiv peb ntawm kab mob. Cia peb saib seb yuav ua li cas.

Cov hlwb ntshav

Cov qe ntshav dawb no yog cov uas tso cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los teb rau cov antigens uas tau hais ua ntej. Xav txog nws zoo li tua tus yeeb ncuab thaum pom. Thaum lub qe ntshav dawb B tau hloov mus ua lub qe ntshav dawb, nws tuaj yeem tso tawm li 2,000 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib pliag! Qhov ntawd puas tsis zoo kawg? Cov qe ntshav dawb no kuj hu ua plasmacytes thiab effector cells. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub neej luv dua li cov qe ntshav dawb nco.

Cov hlwb nco

Lub npe qhia txog nws, puas yog? Cov hlwb nco qab no nco qab cov antigens tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias qhov antigen ntawd rov qab los rau peb lub cev yav tom ntej, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua sai sai, zoo li npaj, ua cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv. Ib yam li peb yuav teb sai sai rau tus yeeb ncuab paub. Thaum cov hlwb plasma tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, cov hlwb nco qab pab peb tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog pes tsawg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob peb tau txais haujlwm. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua yog qhia peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau qee yam antigen. Tom qab ntawd peb cov hlwb nco qab nco qab nws. Yog tias tus kab mob ntawd rov qab los tom qab, peb lub cev tuaj yeem pib tawm tsam nws sai sai.

Vim li cas cov qe ntshav B thiaj tseem ceeb rau peb?

Cov qe ntshav B yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi. Muaj ob feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib qho yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yug los, thiab lwm qhov yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yug los. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yug los zoo li thawj kab tiv thaiv, teb rau txhua yam kev hem thawj. Tab sis lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yug los tshwj xeeb dua. Nws lees paub ib qho kev hem thawj tshwj xeeb - uas yog, ib hom kab mob tshwj xeeb, cov kab mob me me, thiab lwm yam - thiab tawm tsam nws.

Yog li, qhov uas cov qe ntshav B ua yog tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas rhuav tshem cov antigen ntawd lossis cov kab mob uas tau khi rau cov antigen ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qe ntshav B tuaj yeem nco qab cov antigens tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias cov kab mob ntawd rov qab los rau hauv lub cev, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau nws. Hais yooj yim, yog tsis muaj cov qe ntshav B, peb lub cev yuav tsis tuaj yeem paub cov yeeb ncuab tshwj xeeb, ua cov riam phom tshwj xeeb (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) los tawm tsam lawv, thiab nco qab cov yeeb ncuab ntawd thiab ua haujlwm sai yog tias lawv rov qab los.

Cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob?

Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj heev, cia peb sim nkag siab nws yooj yim. Cov qe ntshav B, nrog rau lwm cov qe ntshav hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tawm tsam cov neeg ua phem uas ua rau peb mob, nrog rau cov qe ntshav tsis zoo xws li cov qe ntshav qog. Thaum cov qe ntshav B raug 'ua haujlwm', nws yuav dhau los ua cov qe ntshav plasma, uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los teb rau cov antigen, lossis nws yuav dhau los ua cov qe ntshav nco qab, uas nco qab cov antigen ntawd. Ua li ntawd, yog tias nws rov qab los yav tom ntej, nws tuaj yeem paub sai sai thiab tawm tsam nws.

Feem ntau, thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob xav tau cov qe ntshav B los tawm tsam tus neeg tawm tsam, cov no yog qee cov kauj ruam uas tshwm sim:

• Ua ntej, ib lub cell tshwj xeeb hu ua antigen-presenting cell (APC) txuas rau tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv lub antigen thiab rhuav nws ua tej daim me me. Tom qab ntawd APC txuas cov antigen rau ib lub molecule hu ua Major Histocompatibility-II complex (MHC-II).
• Tom ntej no, cov qe ntshav T pab (uas yog ib hom qe ntshav T) tuaj thiab khi rau MHC-II complex ntawd. Qhov kev khi no yog qhov ua rau cov qe ntshav T pab ua haujlwm. Cov qe ntshav T pab no tseem ceeb heev vim lawv yog cov uas ua rau cov qe ntshav B 'pib ua haujlwm'.
• Ib lub qe ntshav T uas ua haujlwm txuas rau ib lub qe ntshav B. Lub qe ntshav B ntawd ces pib ua cov qauv theej ntawm nws tus kheej, lossis "clones." Ib txhia ntawm cov qe ntshav B no dhau los ua cov qe ntshav plasma, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lwm cov qe ntshav B dhau los ua cov qe cim xeeb thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub cev.
• Nyob rau ob peb hnub tom ntej no, cov hlwb ntshav tsim ntau lab tus kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Txhua tus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog tsim los rhuav tshem tsuas yog tus kab mob tshwj xeeb uas tsim cov antigen ntawd. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog tuaj yeem tsom mus rau ib hom yeeb ncuab xwb.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no txuas rau lub antigen lossis ib feem ntawm tus kab mob uas muaj lub cim antigenic. Thaum txuas nrog lawm, tus kab mob yuav tsis ua mob rau lub cev lawm.

Xav txog nws zoo li kev ua haujlwm ntawm tub ceev xwm. Ua ntej, ib lub cim los (kev paub txog antigen los ntawm APC). Tom qab ntawd ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb (cov hlwb T pabcuam) tuaj ua haujlwm, qhia rau lwm pab pawg (cov hlwb B). Ib feem ntawm pab pawg ntawd mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tam sim ntawd (cov hlwb plasma), thaum lwm feem npaj rau kev hem thawj yav tom ntej (cov hlwb nco).

Cov qe ntshav B nyob qhov twg?

Qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav B sib txawv nyob ntawm lawv theem kev loj hlob. Xav txog nws, thaum koj tseem yog menyuam hauv plab, uas yog, hauv koj niam lub tsev menyuam, cov qe ntshav B raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab. Tab sis tom qab peb yug los, cov qe ntshav B tsim nyob rau hauv cov nqaij mos, spongy hauv peb cov pob txha. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua pob txha pob txha. Lawv pib ua cov qe ntshav hematopoietic stem cells. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua hematopoiesis, lawv dhau los ua cov qe ntshav B. Thaum loj hlob tag, koj cov qe ntshav B mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub cev lymphatic. Piv txwv li, lub spleen thiab cov qog ntshav lymph.

Cov kab mob dab tsi uas feem ntau tshwm sim ntsig txog B cell?

Yog tias muaj qee yam txawv txav tshwm sim rau peb cov qe ntshav B, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov kab mob autoimmune thiab ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav. Cia peb saib qhov ntawd.

Cov kab mob autoimmune

Qee zaum, qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim. Peb cov qe ntshav B tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los teb rau cov antigens ntawm peb cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawd tawm tsam peb cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv zoo li lawv tab tom tawm tsam cov kab mob txaus ntshai. Nws zoo li tawm tsam peb tsev neeg. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua cov kab mob autoimmune. Nov yog ob peb qho piv txwv:

• Lupus
• Ntau yam sclerosis
• Mob pob qij txha caj qaum
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1

Mob qog noj ntshav

Muaj ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav B. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov qe ntshav B pib loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog:

• Kab mob leukemia lymphocytic mob hnyav
• Kab mob leukemia lymphocytic ntev
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Cov kab mob lymphoma uas tsis yog Hodgkin
• B-cell lymphoma '(B-cell lymphoma)'
• ntau yam mob myeloma
• Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Tus nqi ib txwm muaj rau cov qe ntshav B yog dab tsi?

Ib tug neeg laus feem ntau muaj li ntawm 1,000 thiab 4,800 lymphocytes rau ib microliter ntawm cov ntshav. Cov qe ntshav B muaj li ntawm 10% txog 20% ​​ntawm koj cov lymphocytes tag nrho.

Tiam sis nco ntsoov, yog tias koj cov qe ntshav dawb B ntau dhau los yog tsawg dhau tas li, nws txhais tau tias koj muaj mob. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom paub tseeb.

Cov kev kuaj mob uas feem ntau siv los xyuas seb kuv cov qe ntshav B puas noj qab nyob zoo?

Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem qhia tau tias koj muaj pes tsawg lymphocytes hauv koj lub cev los ntawm kev kuaj yooj yim hu ua Complete Blood Count (CBC). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov hom lymphocytes tshwj xeeb, xws li B cell thiab T cell.

Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis zoo hauv koj cov qe ntshav B, nws yuav xaj lwm yam kev kuaj mob uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov hom qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb, xws li cov qauv qe ntshav dawb (cov lej qe ntshav dawb T thiab B), lossis cov qauv qe ntshav dawb B-cell/lymphoma.

Peb ua tau dab tsi los pab kom peb cov qe ntshav B noj qab nyob zoo?

Tsis muaj ib txoj kev ntuj uas lees txais dav dav los 'txhawb nqa' cov qe ntshav B. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tej yam uas koj ua tau los ua kom koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo thiab tiv thaiv cov qe ntshav B uas koj twb muaj lawm. Ntau yam ntawm cov no yuav zoo li kev nkag siab zoo, tab sis lawv yeej tiv thaiv koj lub cev cov qe ntshav B, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv kab mob, kom tsis txhob raug pov tseg. Ib yam li peb lub tsheb siv tau ntev dua yog tias lawv tau saib xyuas zoo.

Koj ua tau cov no kom koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo:

• Tau txais txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pom zoo.
• Noj zaub mov zoo thiab sib npaug.
• Tswj koj txoj kev ntxhov siab kom zoo.
• Tsis txhob haus cawv, los yog siv nws hauv qhov nruab nrab.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb (luam yeeb, vaping). Yog tias koj ua li ntawd, ces tsum.
• Tau tsawg kawg yog xya mus rau yim teev pw tsaug zog txhua hmo.
• Ua kom tsawg kawg yog 150 feeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog nruab nrab hauv ib lub lim tiam.
• Ntxuav koj txhais tes tsis tu ncua nrog xab npum los yog siv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov qe ntshav T thiab cov qe ntshav B yog dab tsi?

Cov qe ntshav T, cov qe ntshav B, thiab cov qe ntshav B ob leeg tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Tab sis lawv ua lub luag haujlwm sib txawv hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov qe ntshav T xa cov cim uas tswj cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (cov no hu ua cov qe ntshav T pab) lossis ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov kab mob lossis cov qe ntshav uas muaj kab mob (cov no hu ua cov qe ntshav T cytotoxic).

Tiamsis cov qe ntshav B tsim cov protein hu ua antibodies los teb rau cov antigens, uas yog cov cim qhia rau lub cev tias tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias tus neeg nkag mus tsis raug txwv ncaj qha los ntawm cov qe ntshav B, tab sis los ntawm cov antibodies uas cov qe ntshav B tsim.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Yog li ntawd, yog tsis muaj cov qe ntshav B, peb lub cev yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog cov protein tseem ceeb heev uas pab tawm tsam cov kab mob phem. Nrog rau lwm cov lymphocytes thiab cov qe ntshav dawb, koj cov qe ntshav B yog cov uas ua rau koj tsis muaj kab mob thiab tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov qe ntshav tsis zoo.

Yog li ntawd, saib xyuas koj cov qe ntshav B. Ua tej yam txhua hnub uas pab kom koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo. Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, noj zaub mov zoo, pw tsaug zog zoo, tawm dag zog, txo kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhaj tshuaj raws sijhawm. Cov khoom yooj yim no yuav ua rau cov neeg tiv thaiv me me hauv koj lub cev muaj zog heev.

Cov qe ntshav B , cov qe ntshav dawb B, cov tshuaj tua kab mob, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov qe ntshav dawb, cov kab mob sib kis, cov qe ntshav dawb, cov qe ntshav nco