Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog Blood-Brain Barrier, tus tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm koj lub hlwb?

Lub hlwb yog lub cev muaj nqis tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev, puas yog? Yog li ntawd, kev ua kom lub hlwb no noj qab nyob zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ib yam li peb lub tsev muaj phab ntsa thiab lub rooj vag los tiv thaiv nws, peb lub hlwb kuj muaj lub kaw lus ruaj ntseg tshwj xeeb. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua lub thaiv ntshav-lub hlwb lossis "Blood-Brain Barrier", "(BBB)" luv luv. Hnub no, cia peb tham txog tus neeg tiv thaiv zoo kawg no kom ntxaws ntxiv .

Dab tsi yog qhov kev thaiv ntshav-lub hlwb?

Hais yooj yim xwb, koj lub hlwb thaiv ntshav (BBB) ​​yog ib txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlwb uas kab sab hauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv koj lub hlwb. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb.

Txawm hais tias lub npe hais tias "kev thaiv," nws tsis yog ib phab ntsa xwb. Nws zoo li ib lub lim dej, zoo li ib tug neeg zov hauv lub hlwb . Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab khaws cov zoo rau hauv. Nws kuj tswj txoj kev uas ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg (ob qho tib si uas peb tsim thiab cov uas peb noj los ntawm sab nraud) nkag mus thiab tawm hauv lub hlwb. Qhov ntawd puas zoo kawg nkaus?

Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm qhov thaiv ntshav-lub hlwb (BBB)?

Sab hauv peb cov hlab ntsha, muaj ib txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlwb hu ua endothelium. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb, endothelium no txawv me ntsis.

Cov hlwb endothelial no uas kab sab hauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb tau ntim ua ke nruj heev uas tsis muaj qhov chaw me me. Yog li ntawd koj cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv (BBB) ​​tau tsim. Cov hlwb no tau ntim nruj heev uas tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem hla dhau lawv yam tsis muaj kev pab. Lub membrane sab nraud ntawm cov hlwb no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv lipid. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, thiab cia peb saib vim li cas.

Dab tsi yog cov khoom uas hla dhau lub hlwb ntshav (BBB)?

Muaj tej yam me me heev, uas yog, lawv tuaj yeem hla dhau qhov '(BBB)' no. Muaj tej yam lwm yam tuaj yeem hla dhau vim lawv '(soluble lipid)' . Uas yog, txheej rog ntawm cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv tuaj yeem coj lawv mus rau hauv yam tsis raug thawb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau cov khoom loj dua, lossis rau cov khoom yaj hauv dej, hla dhau qhov '(BBB)' no ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Xav txog nws, cov khoom loj loj tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau cov hlwb endothelial uas ntim nruj nreem, vim tias tsis muaj chaw txaus. Cov khoom me me uas yaj hauv dej muaj teeb meem hla dhau BBB, vim tias BBB cov hlwb cell membranes yog lipid-based, thiab lawv tiv thaiv cov tshuaj yaj hauv dej. Yog li, yog tias cov khoom loj, yaj hauv dej xws li cov as-ham xav nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb, lawv xav tau kev pab thauj tshwj xeeb .

Nov yog qee hom tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem hla dhau BBB (ib leeg lossis nrog kev pab):

• Cawv
• Tshuaj loog
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab
• Cov tshuaj Anxiolytics
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws
• Cov tshuaj kho mob qaug dab peg lossis qaug dab peg
• Caffeine
• Acetaminophen thiab ntau yam tshuaj nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
• Cov tshuaj pw tsaug zog thiab cov tshuaj sedatives (piv txwv li, barbiturates, benzodiazepines)

Daim ntawv teev npe no tsuas muaj ob peb pawg tshuaj uas tuaj yeem hla BBB xwb. Muaj ntau lwm pawg tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua qhov no. Qhov tseeb, daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem hla BBB ntev heev. Raws li cov txheej txheem tam sim no, yuav luag 5,000 hom tshuaj lom neeg (suav nrog cov tshuaj) tau txheeb xyuas uas tuaj yeem hla BBB. Cov no tau txheeb xyuas siv cov algorithms thiab cov kev pab cuam hauv computer uas nyuaj heev.

Yog li, dab tsi tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau qhov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv (BBB)?

Feem ntau, cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob me me lossis cov kab mob me me, nrog rau ntau yam tshuaj lom, tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau BBB. Qhov no yog qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws uas BBB muaj.

Cov mob dab tsi uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv?

Txawm hais tias koj lub ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv (BBB) ​​​​muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, nws tsis yog 100% zoo meej. Nws tuaj yeem qaug zog los ntawm cov mob xws li o. Lwm yam mob kuj tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm BBB. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb. (Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li penicillin siv los kho cov kab mob hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim dua thaum BBB qaug zog.)

Cov mob uas ua rau lub BBB tsis muaj zog suav nrog ob qho mob hnyav thiab mob ntev.

Cov xwm txheej uas ua rau lub zog ntawm `(BBB)` tam sim ntawd txo qis

Cov no yog cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tshwm sim sai sai lossis tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no. Qee qhov piv txwv yog:

• Mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb
• Kev kis kab mob rau lub hlwb (piv txwv li, Encephalitis, Meningitis)
• Kev raug mob taub hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev raug mob taub hau thiab kev raug mob hlwb (TBI)
• Cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau ntxiv hauv cov ntshav (Hypercapnia)
• Cerebral hypoxia (tsis muaj oxygen rau lub hlwb vim yog cov ntshav oxygen tsawg)
• Mob stroke
• Qaug dab peg, tshwj xeeb yog qhov mob qaug dab peg uas hu ua "Status Epilepticus"

Cov xwm txheej uas txo qhov zog ntawm '(BBB)' dhau sijhawm

Cov no yog cov mob uas kav ntev heev, qee zaum ntau lub hlis, ntau xyoo, lossis txawm tias ib sim neej. Piv txwv li:

• Kab mob Alzheimer
• Kab mob Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Mob ntshav siab ntev ntev los ntawm cov mob xws li COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
• Kab mob qaug dab peg
• Kev puas siab puas ntsws Frontotemporal
• Ntshav siab (Tshuaj ntshav siab)
• Cov ntshav qab zib ntau (Hyperglycemia) thiab lwm yam mob xws li Hom Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib 2
• Cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav siab (Hyperlipidemia)
• Kab mob Multiple Sclerosis
• Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
• Kab mob Parkinson

Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias ntau lwm yam mob ntev yuav cuam tshuam rau BBB, tab sis xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom paub meej qhov no.

Cov cim lossis tsos mob ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv (BBB) ​​yog dab tsi?

Qhov tseeb, tam sim no tsis muaj txoj hauv kev meej meej los kuaj xyuas qhov teeb meem nrog BBB ncaj qha. Qee qhov kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas kuaj cov kua dej hauv lub hlwb, tuaj yeem qhia tsis ncaj qha tias muaj teeb meem nrog BBB. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tawg ntawm BBB raug kuaj pom tias muaj lwm cov tsos mob tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov thaiv.

Cov kws tshaj lij tam sim no tab tom sim saib seb lawv puas tuaj yeem ua rau BBB qaug zog ib ntus siv cov txheej txheem hu ua magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound. Yog tias qhov ntawd ua tau, qee cov khoom me me hauv lub hlwb yuav tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov ntshav thiab yooj yim dua los nrhiav pom. Tej zaum cov khoom me me ntawd yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nrhiav pom thaum ntxov ntawm cov khoom xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv hlwb, kab mob Alzheimer, thiab kab mob Parkinson. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab qee cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb los kho cov khoom xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tseem nyob rau theem pib. Xav tau ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom txiav txim siab seb qhov no puas ua tau tiag tiag.

Puas muaj kev kho mob uas feem ntau tsom mus rau qhov thaiv ntshav-lub hlwb (BBB)?

Tam sim no, tsis muaj kev kho mob uas tsom mus rau koj lub hlwb thaiv ntshav (BBB). Hloov chaw, cov kws kho mob kho cov mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam BBB. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:

• Cov tshuaj kho mob ntshav siab, roj cholesterol ntau, lossis ntshav qab zib ntau.
• Kev kho mob kom rov qab tau cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb tom qab muaj mob stroke ischemic, uas tshwm sim thaum cov ntshav mus rau ib feem ntawm lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam vim yog kev thaiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev qaug dab peg.
• Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv hlwb.

Kuv ua tau dab tsi los tswj kom kuv lub hlwb thaiv ntshav (BBB) ​​noj qab nyob zoo?

Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev twg los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam rau '(BBB)' ncaj qha. Hloov chaw, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog zam cov xwm txheej lossis cov xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam '(BBB)'. Nov yog qee yam uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau:

• Noj zaub mov kom sib npaug thiab tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo. Tej yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob stroke, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv. Kev tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo uas haum rau koj thiab kho koj cov zaub mov raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov no tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv mob stroke, lossis tsawg kawg ncua lossis txo nws qhov hnyav. Nws kuj tseem pab tiv thaiv koj lub BBB.
• Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej txog kev kis kab mob.Cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw xws li qhov muag thiab pob ntseg tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm qhov thiab ua rau o, cuam tshuam BBB. Yog tias qhov ntawd tshwm sim, cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb thiab ua rau muaj mob hnyav, txawm tias tuag taus.
• Hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb. Kev raug mob taub hau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam BBB. Hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub kaus mom hlau thiab siv sia (lossis lwm yam kev nyab xeeb) thaum caij tsheb - tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev raug mob taub hau uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub BBB puas tsuaj.
• Tswj koj cov mob nkeeg. Cov mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib hom 2, ntshav siab, roj cholesterol ntau, thiab qaug dab peg tuaj yeem ua rau BBB thiab cov hlab ntsha nyob ib puag ncig nws puas tsuaj. Kev tswj cov mob no, txawm tias siv tshuaj lossis lwm yam kev kho mob, yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv koj lub hlwb ntshav.

Cov kws kho mob siv qhov lawv paub txog qhov thaiv ntshav thiab lub hlwb (BBB) ​​li cas?

Koj qhov "(BBB)" yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum kho ntau yam mob sab hauv thiab sab nraud lub hlwb. Vim tias, yog tias muaj ntau yam kev kho mob - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj - tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm "(BBB)", lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis ncaj qha rau koj lub hlwb.

Qee zaum, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum ua haujlwm ib puag ncig BBB. Qhov ntawd yog vim tias BBB qee zaum ua raws nraim li nws yuav tsum ua! Cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob lossis mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub hlwb yuav tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau BBB.

Ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem, cov kws tshaj lij siv cov tshuaj uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb los hla BBB. Zoo li "Trojan horse approach," cov tshuaj raug "loaded" rau ntawm cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob lossis lwm yam khoom me me uas tuaj yeem hla BBB thiab xa mus rau lub hlwb. Ntse heev, puas yog?

Peb kuj siv peb cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntuj tsim los hla BBB. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov no yog kev siv cov tshuaj levodopa los kho tus kab mob Parkinson. Tus kab mob Parkinson tshwm sim thaum qee qhov ntawm lub hlwb tsis muaj txaus ntawm cov tshuaj dopamine, uas yog qhov xav tau los tswj cov leeg nqaij txav mus los. Dopamine tsis tuaj yeem hla BBB, tab sis levodopa tuaj yeem hla. Thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb, levodopa hloov pauv mus ua dopamine. Qhov no txo ​​cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob Parkinson.

Leej twg nrhiav tau qhov thaiv ntshav thiab lub hlwb (BBB)? Lawv nrhiav tau nws li cas yog tias nws me me ua luaj?

Muaj ntau qhov chaw hais tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov thaiv no yog los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Paul Ehrlich lossis Max Lewandowsky thaum xyoo 1800s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1900s. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus "ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv" tau siv thawj zaug hauv daim ntawv xyoo 1921 los ntawm Lina Shtern (qee zaum sau ua "Stern") ntawm Russia (tam sim no yog Latvia) thiab tus kws kho mob Swiss Raymond Gautier.

Stern thiab Gautier txoj kev tshawb fawb tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm thawj cov duab electron microscope uas tau thaij thaum xyoo 1960 thiab 1970, uas piav qhia meej txog cov qauv ntawm BBB hauv tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg lub hlwb.

Thaum kawg, yuav tsum nco ntsoov li cas (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Koj lub hlwb thaiv ntshav (BBB) ​​yog ib txheej ntawm cov hlwb uas nyob ib puag ncig cov hlab ntsha hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm koj lub hlwb thiab ua haujlwm zoo li lub lim dej. Nws yog ib phab ntsa tiv thaiv tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub hlwb. Nws pab tiv thaiv ntau yam phem thiab ntau yam zoo rau hauv.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiav. Muaj ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau qhov no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum ceev faj txog qhov "(BBB)" no thaum kho ib yam kab mob hauv lub cev, tsis yog lub hlwb xwb.

Txawm hais tias cov kws tshaj lij tau tshawb pom ntau yam txog BBB, tab sis yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv kom nkag siab tag nrho nws ua haujlwm li cas. Kev nkag siab txog nws txoj haujlwm sab hauv tuaj yeem qhib lub qhov rooj rau kev nrhiav kev kho mob zoo rau ntau yam kab mob ntsig txog lub hlwb. Tom qab ntawd, koj lub BBB tsuas yog ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau tej yam uas ua rau koj raug mob, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob uas pab koj. Yog li, tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab tias kev saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho yuav pab tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm BBB no!

Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntshav Thiab Lub Hlwb, Kev Tiv Thaiv Lub Hlwb, Cov Hlwb Ntshav Hauv Lub Hlwb, Lub Hlwb Lub Cev, Cov Tshuaj Hauv Lub Hlwb, Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm BBB