Yog tias muaj ib tug neeg nug koj txog koj hom ntshav, koj puas yuav teb tau? Tej zaum koj paub, tej zaum koj tsis paub. Muaj coob tus neeg xav tias hom ntshav tsuas yog ib tsab ntawv zoo li A, B, O xwb. Tab sis qhov tseeb nws nyuaj dua li ntawd, thiab nws tseem ceeb heev rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog cov hom ntshav no, yooj yim li tham nrog ib tug phooj ywg.
Cov hom ntshav no txhais li cas tiag?
Peb txhua tus muaj cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv peb cov ntshav. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus neeg cov ntshav zoo ib yam. Muaj 8 hom ntshav tseem ceeb. Hom ntshav uas koj tau txais yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas koj tau txais los ntawm koj niam thiab koj txiv.
Hais yooj yim xwb, koj cov ntshav txawv ntawm lwm tus neeg vim yog cov protein tshwj xeeb nyob rau ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov antigens no. Kuj tseem muaj lwm hom protein tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntshav, qhov kua ntawm peb cov ntshav, hu ua antibodies . Koj hom ntshav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev uas cov antigens thiab antibodies sib xyaw ua ke.
Xav txog koj cov qe ntshav liab zoo li cov tsev me me. Yog tias muaj ib qho antigen (A) ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tsev no, koj yog hom A. Yog tias muaj ib qho antigen (B), koj yog hom B. Yog tias koj muaj ob qho antigens, koj yog AB. Yog tias tsis muaj antigen, koj yog O. Yooj yim heev, puas yog?
Ntshav tsis yog ib yam kua liab xwb. Nws muaj ntau qhov chaw:
- Cov qe ntshav liab: nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev.
- Cov qe ntshav dawb: Tua cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob.
- Cov Platelets: Lawv pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob los ntshav los ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws thaum muaj kev raug mob.
Cov hom ntshav tseem ceeb thiab lawv qhov sib xws
Tam sim no cia peb saib seb 8 hom ntshav tseem ceeb no yog dab tsi thiab lawv sib haum li cas. Qhov kev sib haum no tseem ceeb heev thaum pub ntshav thiab txais ntshav.
Koj puas nco qab kuv hais li cas txog cov antigens A thiab B ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab? Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua ABO system . Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj lwm yam antigen tseem ceeb, hu ua Rh factor .
- Yog koj cov qe ntshav liab muaj tus Rh factor, koj hom ntshav yog 'positive' (+) . (Piv txwv li: A+, B+)
- Yog tias koj cov qe ntshav liab tsis muaj Rh factor, koj hom ntshav yog 'negative' (-) . (Piv txwv li: A-, O-)
8 hom ntshav tseem ceeb yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ABO thiab Rh.
| Hom Ntshav | Cov neeg no tuaj yeem pub ntshav (Pub dawb rau) | Tau Txais Los Ntawm Cov Neeg No |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB+ | AB+ | Txhua hom ntshav (Universal Recipient) |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| O- | Txhua tus neeg (Tus neeg pub dawb thoob ntiaj teb) | O- |
"Tus Muab Kev Pabcuam Thoob Ntiaj Teb" thiab "Tus Txais Kev Pabcuam Thoob Ntiaj Teb"
Yog koj saib ntawm lub rooj, koj yuav pom tias ib tug neeg uas muaj ntshav hom O tsis zoo (O-) tuaj yeem pub ntshav rau ib tug neeg uas muaj txhua hom ntshav. Yog vim li ntawd ntshav hom O- thiaj li hu ua "Universal Donor." Thaum tsis muaj sijhawm los txiav txim siab sai sai txog hom ntshav ntawm tus neeg mob, xws li thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, feem ntau cov ntshav O- raug muab.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, ib tug neeg uas muaj hom ntshav AB zoo (AB+) tuaj yeem tau txais ntshav los ntawm txhua hom ntshav. Yog li ntawd, hom ntshav AB+ hu ua "Universal Recipient."
Vim li cas thiaj li paub koj hom ntshav thiaj li tseem ceeb?
Yav dhau los, ua ntej xyoo 1901, cov kws kho mob xav tias txhua tus neeg muaj tib hom ntshav. Yog li thaum ib tus neeg cov ntshav raug muab rau lwm tus, qee tus neeg tau mob hnyav thiab tuag. Xyoo 1901, ib tug kws tshawb fawb hu ua Karl Landsteiner tau tshawb pom qhov system hom ntshav no.
Yog tias ob hom ntshav tsis sib xws sib xyaw ua ke, yuav ua li cas? Xav txog tias ib tug neeg uas muaj hom ntshav A tau txais hom ntshav B. Tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav A muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv cov ntshav B. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no paub cov qe ntshav B tshiab uas tau muab tso rau hauv lawv ua "yeeb ncuab" thiab pib tawm tsam lawv. Qhov no ua rau cov qe ntshav lo ua ke thiab txhaws. Qhov no hu ua agglutination . Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, poob siab, thiab txawm tias tuag.
Yog vim li ntawd thiaj muaj kev kuaj ntshav hu ua crossmatching ua ntej pub ntshav kom pom tias cov ntshav ntawm tus neeg pub thiab tus neeg txais puas sib haum. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog kev txiav txim siab txog txoj sia lossis kev tuag.
Cov Hom Ntshav Tsis Tshua Muaj thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
Ntxiv rau cov hom ntshav tseem ceeb A, B, thiab O, muaj ntau pua hom ntshav uas tsis tshua muaj. Ib qho piv txwv yog hom ntshav Duffy uas tsis muaj ntshav . Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg African thiab Middle Eastern. Qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav no muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob malaria.
Kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm koj cov hom ntshav thiab qee yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav A, B, lossis AB tau hais tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv ntau dua li cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav O.
Tiam sis nco ntsoov qhov no: Koj hom ntshav tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav mob. Cov no tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv xwb. Koj txoj kev ua neej, kev noj zaub mov, thiab kev tawm dag zog muaj feem cuam tshuam loj dua. Tsis muaj "hom ntshav noj qab haus huv tshaj plaws." Txhua hom ntshav zoo ib yam.
Puas yog 'Kev Noj Haus Hom Ntshav' muaj tseeb?
Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov txog "kev noj zaub mov raws li hom ntshav." Nws yog kev noj zaub mov uas ua raws li txoj kev npaj zaub mov tshwj xeeb rau txhua hom ntshav. Tab sis tsis muaj pov thawj tshawb fawb qhia tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj yog noj zaub mov kom sib npaug. Nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog nws.
Vim li cas hom ntshav thiaj tseem ceeb thaum cev xeeb tub?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub koj hom ntshav thaum cev xeeb tub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Rh factor .
Xav txog tias leej niam yog Rh negative (-) , tab sis tus menyuam cov ntshav hom yog Rh positive (+) uas tau txais los ntawm leej txiv. Hauv qhov no, lub cev ntawm leej niam yuav paub cov qe ntshav Rh positive ntawm tus menyuam tias yog "txawv teb chaws" thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam lawv. Qhov mob no hu ua Rh incompatibility .
Txawm hais tias qhov no feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau thawj zaug cev xeeb tub, thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub thib ob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim tawm hauv niam lub cev tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav ntawm tus menyuam.
Tiamsis tsis txhob txhawj! Muaj ib txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo rau qhov no tam sim no. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj koj hom ntshav thaum ntxov ntawm koj cev xeeb tub. Yog tias koj Rh tsis zoo, koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj hu ua Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ua ntej thiab tom qab yug menyuam. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm leej niam kom tsis txhob ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txaus ntshai. Yog li koj thiab koj tus menyuam yuav tsis raug mob.
Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los nrhiav koj hom ntshav yog mus kuaj ntshav. Yog tias koj yog tus pub ntshav, koj hom ntshav yuav teev nyob rau ntawm daim npav uas koj tau txais tom qab pub ntshav.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Koj hom ntshav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas koj tau txais los ntawm koj niam koj txiv.
- Thaum pub ntshav los yog txais ntshav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj hom ntshav sib xws. Cov ntshav tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tau.
- Tus neeg uas tau txais O negative (O-) yog tus "universal donor" thiab tus neeg uas tau txais AB positive (AB+) yog tus "universal recipient".
- Thaum cev xeeb tub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub koj hom ntshav thiab ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias leej niam yog Rh negative.
- Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm hom ntshav thiab qee yam kab mob, tsis muaj hom ntshav zoo tshaj plaws lossis "phem tshaj plaws".
- Kev pub ntshav tuaj yeem cawm tau ib tug neeg txoj sia. Yog tias koj ua tau, ua ib tug phab ej los ntawm kev pub ntshav.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus