Puas yog ntuav ntshav loj heev? Cia peb kawm txog Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)!

Koj tus me nyuam puas tau raws plab tau ob peb hnub lawm? Txhua tus niam thiab txiv yuav ntshai yog tias lawv pom ntshav me ntsis hauv lawv cov quav? Feem ntau, nws yog mob plab yooj yim xwb, tab sis qee zaum nws yog thawj qhov cim qhia tias muaj mob hnyav dua. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb tab tom tham txog hnub no, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, lossis HUS luv luv, ib qho mob hnyav uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab kis tus kab mob E. coli. Cia peb kawm txog qhov no yooj yim thiab meej.

Hais yooj yim xwb, HUS yog dab tsi?

Xav txog cov hlab ntsha thoob plaws peb lub cev zoo li ib txoj kev sib txuas. Cov kev no yog qhov chaw uas peb cov qe ntshav liab nqa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev. Hauv ib qho mob hu ua HUS, cov ntshav txhaws tsim thiab raug thaiv hauv cov hlab ntsha me me (capillaries), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv lub raum . Nws zoo li ib lub yeeb nkab dej uas raug txhaws nrog av thiab dej.

Thaum cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv li no, peb yam tseem ceeb tshwm sim:

1. Mob Ntshav Tsis Txaus (Hemolytic Anemia): Cov qe ntshav liab uas sim hla cov hlab ntsha uas raug thaiv yuav daig, raug tsoo, thiab tawg. Qhov no ua rau cov ntshav hauv lub cev tsawg zuj zus, uas txhais tau tias yog mob ntshav tsis txaus.

2. Cov ntshav platelet tsawg zuj zus (Thrombocytopenia): Cov qe ntshav me me uas pab kom cov ntshav khov no raug siv tag hauv cov ntshav khov uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav platelets ib txwm muaj hauv cov ntshav yuav tsawg zuj zus.

3. Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm: Vim tias lub raum tsis tau txais ntshav txaus thiab cov hlab ntsha puas lawm, lub raum tsis muaj peev xwm lim cov khoom pov tseg ntawm peb lub cev thiab tso tawm ua zis. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd.

Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau muaj HUS?

Feem ntau, kwv yees li 90% ntawm lub sijhawm, HUS yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hu ua E. coli (Escherichia coli), uas tsim cov tshuaj lom hu ua Shiga toxin . Cov kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev los ntawm cov zaub mov qias neeg, cov zaub mov tsis tau siav lossis cov dej muaj kuab paug.

Xav txog qhov xwm txheej no. Koj tab tom noj mov hauv tsev noj mov nrog koj tsev neeg. Yog tias koj noj nqaij nyuj tsis tau siav (tshwj xeeb yog nqaij nyuj sib tsoo), mis nyuj lossis cheese tsis tau muab tua kab mob, lossis zaub xas lav lossis zaub tsis tau ntxuav, nws yuav muaj cov kab mob E. coli.

Thaum cov kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, nws ua rau mob plab thiab raws plab dej hauv ob peb hnub. Hauv ib lossis ob hnub, qhov no dhau los ua raws plab ntshav.Cov tshuaj lom Shiga uas cov kab mob tsim tawm ua rau peb cov phab ntsa ntawm peb txoj hnyuv puas tsuaj thiab ua rau los ntshav. Cov tshuaj lom no ces nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab mus thoob plaws lub cev, ua rau cov hlab ntsha me me hauv lub raum puas tsuaj. Nov yog li cas HUS pib.

Puas muaj cov hom HUS tseem ceeb?

Yog, HUS muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ntau hom tseem ceeb.

• "HUS Ib Txwm Muaj": Qhov no yog hom uas peb tau tham txog txog tam sim no, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kis kab mob xws li E. coli.
• HUS tsis zoo li qub (aHUS): Hom no yog hom uas tsis tshua muaj. Nws yog los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm noob caj noob ces. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov menyuam. Cov neeg no tuaj yeem muaj HUS sai sai, txawm tias lawv muaj mob khaub thuas lossis mob ntsws.
• HUS theem ob: Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam mob (piv txwv li mob qog noj ntshav) lossis qee yam tshuaj (piv txwv li tshuaj tiv thaiv mob qog noj ntshav, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob).

Cov tsos mob ntawm HUS yog dab tsi? Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

Cov tsos mob ntawm HUS feem ntau tshwm sim ua ob theem. Ua ntej, cov tsos mob ntsig txog kev kis kab mob hauv plab hnyuv tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd, cov tsos mob hnyav dua ntsig txog HUS tshwm sim.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd?

Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob yam tsis muaj kev ncua sijhawm .

• Raws plab uas kav ntev tshaj peb hnub.
• Raws plab nrog ntshav.
• Yog tias cov zis koj tso tawm txo qis heev.
• Yog tias tus menyuam dawb thiab nkees heev.
• Yog tias lub cev muaj roj.

Cov kws kho mob yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb tias muaj tus kab mob HUS?

Tus kws kho mob uas kuaj koj yuav mloog zoo zoo txog koj cov tsos mob thiab tom qab ntawd yuav kom kuaj ntau zaus kom paub tseeb tias koj muaj HUS.

• Kev Kuaj Ntshav: Cov no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas seb cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov platelet qis npaum li cas, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum (creatinine, urea, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev Ntsuas Zis: Xyuas seb puas muaj ntshav los yog protein nyob hauv cov zis.
• Kuaj Cov Quav: Tshawb xyuas cov kab mob xws li E. coli O157 hauv cov quav.
• Kev Kuaj Mob Raum: Qee zaum, yuav tsum tau muab ib daim me me ntawm lub raum coj mus kuaj kom paub tseeb tias kuaj tau.

Cov kev kho mob rau HUS yog dab tsi?

HUS yog ib yam mob uas yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob . Nws kho tsis tau hauv tsev. Cov no yog cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb uas muab hauv tsev kho mob.

1. Muab cov tshuaj ntsev thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus: Raws plab thiab ntuav tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev qhuav dej los ntawm kev tshem dej thiab ntsev tawm ntawm lub cev. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, cov tshuaj ntsev (cov kua IV) raug muab los ntawm cov leeg ntshav. Yog tias koj noj tsis tau, cov khoom noj khoom haus raug muab los ntawm ib lub raj.

2. Kev ntxiv ntshav thiab cov ntshav platelet:Yog tias cov qe ntshav liab tsawg dhau (ntshav tsis txaus). Cov ntshav platelets kuj raug muab yog tias cov ntshav platelet tsawg dhau thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev los ntshav.

3. Kev ntxuav ntshav: Yog tias lub raum tsis muaj zog txaus los tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev, kev ntxuav ntshav, uas yog lub tshuab ntxuav cov ntshav, yog qhov tsim nyog. Qhov no feem ntau yog ib qho txheej txheem ib ntus xwb. Kev ntxuav ntshav tuaj yeem raug nres thaum lub raum pib ua haujlwm dua.

4. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb: Rau cov hom mob tsis tshua muaj xws li HUS tsis zoo li qub (aHUS), cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb xws li eculizumab lossis ravulizumab raug siv.

Peb yuav tsum ua li cas thiaj li tsis txhob muaj HUS?

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv HUS yog ua tib zoo saib xyuas tej yam me me hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub.

• Nco ntsoov ntxuav koj txhais tes kom huv si nrog xab npum ua ntej npaj zaub mov thiab tom qab siv chav dej.
• Ua kom nqaij, ntses, thiab qe siav zoo. Ua kom nqaij sib tsoo siav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom txog thaum nws siav zoo sab hauv.
• Ntxuav cov zaub nyoos, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub xas lav kom huv si nrog dej huv.
• Tsis txhob haus mis nyuj tsis tau pasteurized/nyoos, cov khoom noj mis nyuj, thiab cov dej txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
• Tsis txhob siv cov laug txiav, riam, lossis lwm yam khoom siv rau nqaij nyoos lossis ntses ua zaub mov siav. Ntxuav thiab ntxuav kom huv si tom qab siv.
• Tsis txhob ua luam dej hauv cov pas dej qias neeg, cov dej ntws, thiab cov kwj deg.
• Yog koj raws plab, tsis txhob mus rau cov pas dej ua luam dej.

HUS yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai heev. Tab sis yog tias kuaj pom thaum ntxov, kho thiab kho sai sai, ntau dua 85% ntawm cov neeg yuav zoo tag nrho . Kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum feem ntau yog ib ntus xwb. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub txog cov tsos mob thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob sai li sai tau.