Koj puas muaj tej lub sij hawm koj xav tias, "Kuv ob lub qhov muag zoo li kuv niam lub" lossis "Kuv cov plaub hau zoo li kuv txiv lub"? Peb txhua tus tau txais ntau yam ntxwv ntawm peb qhov tsos thiab tus cwj pwm los ntawm peb niam thiab txiv. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog cov noob caj noob ces. Yog li hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib yam tseem ceeb heev uas cuam tshuam nrog cov noob caj noob ces no. Ntawd yog tus mob hu ua '(Homozygous)'. Txawm hais tias lub npe yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, nws yeej yooj yim heev. Cia peb saib?
Hais yooj yim xwb, Homozygous yog dab tsi?
Zoo, xav txog nws li no. Peb tau txais ob daim qauv ntawm txhua tus noob caj noob ces los ntawm peb niam peb txiv. Ib daim los ntawm peb niam, ib daim los ntawm peb txiv. Qee zaum daim qauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm peb niam thiab daim qauv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm peb txiv yog tib yam nkaus . Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua "Homozygous" hauv kev tshawb fawb txog noob caj noob ces.
Hais yooj yim xwb, rau ib qho cwj pwm tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li xim qhov muag), koj tau txais cov lus qhia txog caj ces tib yam los ntawm koj niam koj txiv. Cov noob caj ces zoo sib xws no hu ua alleles. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tau txais ob qho alleles zoo sib xws, koj yog homozygous rau noob caj ces ntawd. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj qee yam cwj pwm, xws li qhov muag xiav thiab plaub hau liab. Tab sis qee zaum, yog tias ob qho noob caj ces hloov pauv, qee yam mob caj ces tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Ib qho allele yog dab tsi?
Peb txhua tus muaj ntau tshaj 99% ntawm cov noob caj noob ces zoo ib yam hauv peb lub cev. Tab sis muaj ib feem pua me me (tsawg dua 1%) ntawm cov noob caj noob ces muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Cov 'version' sib txawv ntawm ib lub noob caj noob ces hu ua alleles. Cov qhov sib txawv me me no yog qhov ua rau koj muaj koj tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Qhov txawv ntawm Homozygous thiab Heterozygous yog dab tsi?
Ob lo lus no zoo sib xws me ntsis, yog li nws yuav ua rau tsis meej pem. Tab sis qhov sib txawv yooj yim heev. Cia peb saib ib lub rooj me me kom yooj yim to taub.
| Yam ntxwv | Homozygous | Heterozygous |
|---|---|---|
| Lub ntsiab lus | "Homo" txhais tau tias "ib yam." Nws txhais tau hais tias tib hom alleles tau txais los ntawm ob niam txiv. | "Hetero" txhais tau tias "txawv." Nws txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muaj ob hom alleles sib txawv los ntawm txhua tus niam txiv. |
| Piv txwv | Yog koj coj cov noob caj noob ces rau xim qhov muag, koj tau txais cov allele rau xim av los ntawm koj niam thiab cov allele rau xim av los ntawm koj txiv. | Yog tias peb coj cov noob caj noob ces rau xim qhov muag, peb tau txais cov allele rau xim av los ntawm peb niam thiab cov allele rau xiav los ntawm peb txiv. |
Tsuas yog nco ntsoov: Homozygous = ob daim qauv ntawm tib lub gene. Heterozygous = ob daim qauv sib txawv ntawm cov gene.
Cov cwj pwm 'dominant' thiab 'residual' yog dab tsi?
Thaum tham txog cov noob caj noob ces (genes), ob lo lus uas tsim nyog paub yog 'dominant' thiab 'recessive'.
- Allele tswj: Qhov no zoo li tus menyuam yaus uas nyiam ua si tshaj plaws hauv chav kawm. Nws yog tib tug neeg uas tsis ua suab nrov. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj ib qho allele tswj, tus cwj pwm uas nws qhia tawm yuav pom tseeb. Peb sau cov no ua cov ntawv loj Askiv (piv txwv li B, F, D).
- Recessive allele: Qhov no zoo li ib tug me nyuam uas nyob ntsiag to, tsis xav nrog nws nyob. Yog xav kom nws tus cwj pwm tawm los, nws yuav tsum tau muab nrog lwm tus recessive allele zoo li nws. Peb sau cov no ua cov ntawv Askiv yooj yim (piv txwv li b, f, d).
Tam sim no qhov no tshwm sim li cas hauv qhov xwm txheej '(Homozygous)'?
Koj muaj peev xwm muaj ob tug alleles dominant. Peb hu qhov ntawd ua homozygous dominant (piv txwv li BB ). Los yog koj muaj peev xwm muaj ob tug alleles recessive. Peb hu qhov ntawd ua homozygous recessive (piv txwv li bb ).
Yog tias ib tug neeg '(Heterozygous)' (piv txwv li Bb ) tau txais ob qho alleles dominant (B) thiab recessive (b), tsuas yog tus cwj pwm dominant thiaj li pom tau. Tab sis rau ib tug neeg '(Homozygous)', qhov no yuav tsis tshwm sim. Vim tias ob lub noob caj noob ces zoo ib yam, tus cwj pwm yuav pom tau tib yam.
Cov yam ntxwv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm homozygous yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau yam, xws li peb qhov tsos thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntau qhov ntawm peb lub cev, yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov noob '(Homozygous)' no. Cia peb saib ob peb qho piv txwv.
| Yam ntxwv | Homozygous Dominant | Homozygous Recessive |
|---|---|---|
| Xim qhov muag | BB - Qhov muag xim av (qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb) | bb - qhov muag ntawm lwm xim, xws li xiav lossis ntsuab |
| Cov quav hnav | FF - Qhov chaw ntawm cov quav ntsej muag (tseem ceeb) | ff - Tsis muaj cov quav hnav |
| Cov plaub hau nkhaus | HH - Muaj cov plaub hau curly (dominant) | hh - muaj cov plaub hau ncaj (ncaj) |
| Cov ntsaws pob ntseg | UU - Pob ntseg dai (dominant) | uu - qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pob ntseg tawm los |
Cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm homozygous
Ib yam li niaj zaus muaj tej yam zoo, qee zaum qhov mob "(Homozygous)" no kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov kab mob caj ces. Ua li cas?
Xav txog tias niam thiab txiv muaj ib tug noob caj noob ces uas tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Tiam sis ob leeg tsis muaj tus kab mob ntawd, vim lawv ob leeg muaj ib tug noob caj noob ces zoo uas tiv thaiv nws (uas yog, ob leeg yog 'Heterozygous'). Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ib tug me nyuam yug los nrog tus noob caj noob ces tsis zoo los ntawm niam thiab txiv, tus me nyuam ntawd yuav yog 'Homozygous Recessive' rau tus noob caj noob ces ntawd. Ces qhov muaj feem yuav muaj kab mob caj noob ces ntawd ntau.
Nov yog qee yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim:
- Cystic Fibrosis: Kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev muaj ob daim qauv tsis zoo ntawm CFTR gene. Qhov no ua rau lub cev cov hnoos qeev (cov kua zoo li hnoos qeev) tuab, cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob ua pa thiab zom zaub mov.
- Kab mob ntshav liab hu ua Sickle Cell Anemia: Kab mob no tshwm sim thaum muaj ob daim qauv tsis zoo ntawm cov noob caj noob ces HBB tau txais los ntawm noob caj noob ces. Qhov no ua rau cov qe ntshav liab puas tsuaj (zoo li cov qe ntshav liab) thiab tsis tuaj yeem nqa oxygen tau zoo.
- Phenylketonuria (PKU): Kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev muaj ob daim qauv tsis zoo ntawm PAH gene. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub cev kom tsis txhob rhuav tshem cov amino acid phenylalanine.
Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj mob caj ces, lossis yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg lossis ntshai txog nws, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob txog nws. Lawv yuav muab cov lus qhia thiab kev taw qhia uas koj xav tau.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- 'Homozygous' txhais tau hais tias koj tau txais ob lub noob caj noob ces (alleles) zoo ib yam rau ib qho cwj pwm los ntawm koj niam thiab koj txiv.
- Muaj ntau yam, xws li xim ntawm koj ob lub qhov muag thiab cov qauv ntawm koj cov plaub hau, yog txiav txim los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces no.
- Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho allele tseem ceeb (piv txwv li BB) lossis ib qho allele recessive (piv txwv li bb).
- Qee zaum, kev tau txais ob daim qauv ntawm ib lub noob caj noob ces uas tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob caj ces xws li Cystic Fibrosis lossis Sickle Cell Anemia.
- Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov kab mob caj ces, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev qhia los ntawm kws kho mob.
💬 Comments (0)
Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus