Koj tus menyuam lub qhov muag puas me? Los yog lawv tseem tsis tau tsim? (Microphthalmia thiab Anophthalmia) Cia peb tham txog nws.

Tej zaum koj yuav tau pom tias qee tus menyuam yug los muaj qee yam qhov muag tsis zoo. Qee zaum ib lossis ob lub qhov muag me dua li qub, lossis qee zaum, qhov muag yuav tsis teeb tsa zoo. Nws yog ib txwm muaj rau niam txiv txhawj xeeb heev thaum lawv pom cov mob no. Yog li hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov mob no hu ua '(Microphthalmia)' thiab '(Anophthalmia)'.

Dab tsi yog '(Microphthalmia)' thiab '(Anophthalmia)'?

Hais yooj yim xwb, ob yam mob no yog muaj txij thaum yug los (muaj thaum yug los). Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tshwm sim vim muaj teeb meem nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov muag thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab. Ib txhia neeg kuj hu cov no ua "qhov muag tsis zoo thaum yug los."

Microphthalmia: Qhov no yog thaum ib lossis ob lub qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam tsis loj hlob zoo, ua rau lawv me dua li qub. Cov khoom hauv lub qhov muag kuj tseem yuav tsis zoo li qub vim yog kev loj hlob tsis zoo.

• Yog tias nws cuam tshuam rau ob sab ('Bilateral microphthalmia'): Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov mob no cuam tshuam rau ob lub qhov muag.
• Yog tias nws tsuas cuam tshuam rau ib sab xwb (`Uilateral microphthalmia`): Qhov no txhais tau tias tus mob no tsuas cuam tshuam rau ib lub qhov muag xwb.

Ib txhia neeg kuj hu qhov no ua "small eye syndrome".

`(Anophthalmia)`: Qhov no yog thaum ib lossis ob lub qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam tsis loj hlob li . Qhov no txhais tau tias lub qhov muag tsis tau tsim.

• Yog tias nws cuam tshuam rau ob sab ('Bilateral anophthalmia'): Ob lub qhov muag tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw.
• Yog tias nws tsuas cuam tshuam rau ib sab xwb (`Uilateral anophthalmia`): Ib lub qhov muag tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw.

Cov mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Cov no yeej yog cov mob tsis tshua muaj. Raws li qee cov ntawv tshaj tawm, txawm tias nyob hauv lub tebchaws zoo li Asmeskas, cov mob no (Anophthalmia thiab Microphthalmia) tshwm sim rau kwv yees li ib ntawm 5,200 tus menyuam mos uas yug txhua xyoo. Qee cov ntawv tshaj tawm txawm hais tias nws yog ib ntawm 10,000. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias, tsis yog txhua tus menyuam mos muaj qhov no.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov mob no yog dab tsi?

Thaum tus kws kho mob kuaj xyuas tus menyuam kom zoo tom qab yug los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kuaj xyuas qhov muag, lawv tuaj yeem qhia tau seb puas muaj tus mob no.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo lossis tsis pom kev zoo kiag li . Nrog rau cov mob qhov muag no, cov kab mob qhov muag ntxiv thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Qee qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov muag uas yuav muaj xws li:

• Kab mob qhov muag (Cataracts): Hauv qhov no, ib yam khoom zoo li huab tsim rau ntawm lub lens hauv lub qhov muag, ua rau pom kev tsis meej thiab tsis pom xim.
• Coloboma: Qhov no yog qhov poob ntawm cov nqaij hauv lub qhov muag. Feem ntau, qhov no tshwm sim hauv iris, qhov xim ntawm lub qhov muag. Ib tug neeg uas muaj coloboma yuav muaj lub qhov muag tsis zoo vim muaj qhov txiav hauv iris.
• Microcornea: Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas lub cornea, qhov pob tshab ntawm lub qhov muag pem hauv ntej, me heev. Yog tias koj muaj qhov no, koj lub cornea yuav tsis txog 10 millimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla, txawm tias koj yog ib tug neeg laus los xij.
• Lub retina tsis sib txuas: Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag. Lub retina, txheej ntawm cov nqaij mos nyob tom qab ntawm lub qhov muag uas pab peb pom kev, sib cais ntawm cov nqaij mos uas txhawb nqa. Lub retina yog qhov xa cov cim mus rau lub hlwb txog yam peb pom.
• Qhov muag poob qis ('Ptosis' lossis 'Pseudoptosis'): '(Ptosis)' yog thaum qhov muag poob qis. Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov leeg thiab cov hlab ntsha. '(Pseudoptosis)' zoo ib yam li '(Ptosis)', vim tias qhov muag kuj poob qis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lossis cov leeg, tab sis los ntawm lub qhov muag tsis loj hlob zoo.

Dab tsi yog cov ua rau muaj "(Microphthalmia)" thiab "(Anophthalmia)"?

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tsis tau paub meej tias yog dab tsi ua rau muaj cov mob no. Qee tus menyuam yug los muaj cov mob no vim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm caj ces. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav ntseeg tias kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob caj ces thiab cov chromosomes, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob no, uas muaj thaum yug los.

Muaj ntau lwm yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov mob qhov muag no:

• Siv qee yam tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub: Piv txwv li, Isotretinoin (tseem hu ua Accutane®) rau pob txuv, lossis Thalidomide rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab qee yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
• Kev raug tshuaj X-rays lossis lwm yam tshuaj hluav taws xob thaum cev xeeb tub.
• Kev raug tshuaj lom neeg thaum cev xeeb tub: Piv txwv li, qee cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab.
• Kev raug mob los ntawm qee yam kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub: Piv txwv li, cov kab mob xws li German measles ('Rubella') thiab '(Toxoplasmosis)'.
• Niam tsis muaj vitamin A txaus.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias txawm tias muaj cov laj thawj no los xij, tsis yog txhua tus yuav muaj cov mob no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj no.

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob li cas?

Yog hais txog ib tug menyuam mos uas yug los, kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov mob no los ntawm kev kuaj tus menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kuaj pom cov mob no thaum cev xeeb tub thiab.

Cov kev kuaj uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov mob no ua ntej tus menyuam yug los yog:

• Ultrasound: Qhov no siv cov suab nrov siab los tsim cov duab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kuaj ultrasound thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab tej zaum yuav tsis pom qhov mob tas li.
• MRI ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab:`(MRI)` yog txhais los ntawm `Magnetic Resonance Imaging`. Qhov no yog kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem pab tau rau kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem thiab cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim thaum yug menyuam.
• Kev kuaj noob caj noob ces: Piv txwv li, kev kuaj xws li kev kuaj Quad marker. Kev kuaj Quad yog kev kuaj ntshav ua ntawm 15 thiab 20 lub lis piam ntawm cev xeeb tub. Qhov no tuaj yeem muab qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus menyuam cov mob caj noob ces.

Cov kev kho mob rau '(Microphthalmia)' thiab '(Anophthalmia)' yog dab tsi?

Tu siab kawg li, kev kho mob tam sim no tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los muab lub qhov muag tshiab rau cov menyuam mos uas yug los nrog cov mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem pab lawv nyob nrog cov mob no.

• Cov khoom siv kho kom haum: Cov no yog cov khoom siv uas muab tso rau hauv lub qhov muag. Lawv pab lub qhov muag thiab cov ntsej muag loj hlob li qub. Thaum tus menyuam lub ntsej muag loj hlob, cov khoom siv no yuav tsum loj dua.
• Qhov muag cuav: Cov no yog cov qhov muag cuav uas muab tso rau hauv qhov muag khoob. Cov no kuj pab txhawb qhov muag thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lawv kuj pab nrog cov teeb meem zoo li cas.
• Kev Phais Mob: Tej zaum yuav tsim nyog phais mob los kho cov mob xws li cataracts, coloboma, lossis kom haum rau cov conformers.
• Cov kev pab cuam uas pab tus menyuam thiab tsev neeg daws teeb meem kev poob qhov muag lossis kev dig muag: Cov no suav nrog cov xib fwb uas qhia cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem pom kev, cov kws kho mob tsis pom kev zoo, thiab cov kws tshwj xeeb pom kev tsis pom kev zoo. Cov kev pab cuam thaum ntxov no pab tus menyuam kawm taug kev, tham lus, thiab sib tham nrog lwm tus. Lawv kuj pab tsev neeg ua haujlwm ua ke los txhim kho tus menyuam lub neej.
• Cov Tsom Iav Los Yog Cov Khoom Siv Sib Txuas Lus: Qee zaum, lub qhov muag uas muaj Microphthalmia yuav pom kev me ntsis. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tej zaum yuav xav tau cov tsom iav kho kom zoo los kho cov mob xws li Amblyopia (tseem hu ua qhov muag tub nkeeg). Yog tias koj tsuas pom kev hauv ib lub qhov muag xwb , nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hnav tsom iav tiv thaiv . Nyob ntawm seb qhov twg ntawm lub qhov muag raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Microphthalmia, koj yuav pom tau meej nrog cov tsom iav kho.

Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo no?

Tsis muaj ib txoj kev twg uas yuav tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm microphthalmia thiab anophthalmia tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tej yam uas koj ua tau los ua kom koj cev xeeb tub muaj kev nyab xeeb dua :

• Mus ntsib kws kho mob ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub: Ua haujlwm ua ke kom noj qab haus huv li sai tau ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub thiab thaum koj cev xeeb tub. Thaum lub sijhawm sib tham no, koj tuaj yeem tham txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas koj yuav tsum tau txhaj ua ntej cev xeeb tub.
• Pib thiab txuas ntxiv kev saib xyuas ua ntej yug menyuam thaum ntxov thiab kom raug: Tsis txhob ncua sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob, txawm tias koj xav tias zoo los xij.
• Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj thiab lwm yam khoom uas koj noj: Xyuas kom tseeb tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev cev xeeb tub kom noj qab nyob zoo. Qhov no suav nrog cov tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg, nrog rau cov vitamins lossis cov tshuaj ntxiv uas koj noj. Yog tias koj noj Isotretinoin lossis Thalidomide, nco ntsoov qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob .
• Tom qab koj tham txog koj keeb kwm kev kho mob thiab keeb kwm kev kho mob hauv tsev neeg, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia kom kuaj noob caj noob ces ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub.
• Nyob deb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.

Yog tias kuv muaj '(Microphthalmia)' lossis '(Anophthalmia)', kuv yuav tsum xav li cas?

Tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo tag nrho rau cov mob "Microphthalmia" thiab "Anophthalmia". Qhov tseem ceeb yog yuav ua li cas tswj thiab nyob nrog cov mob no thiab lwm yam teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim nrog lawv.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj '(Microphthalmia)' lossis '(Anophthalmia),' nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab los ntawm pab pawg kws kho mob tshwj xeeb . Ntxiv nrog rau tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus lossis kws kho mob hauv plab, ib tus neeg uas muaj cov mob no feem ntau yuav xav tau cov kev pabcuam ntawm:

• Kws Kho Mob Qhov Muag: Ib tug kws kho mob uas kuaj mob thiab kho cov kab mob qhov muag thiab cov teeb meem pom kev.
• Kws Kho Qhov Muag: Ib tug neeg uas muaj peev xwm ua thiab teeb tsa cov khoom siv xws li qhov muag cuav thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
• Kws phais qhov muag: Ib tug kws phais uas tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb hauv qhov muag, cov qhov muag, thiab cov pob txha uas ua rau lawv.

Nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom suav nrog tag nrho cov no rau hauv koj (lossis koj tus menyuam) pab pawg kho mob, nrog rau cov kws tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem pab nrog lwm yam kev xav tau.

Muaj lwm yam mob dab tsi uas cuam tshuam nrog "(Microphthalmia)" thiab "(Anophthalmia)"?

Microphthalmia thiab anophthalmia tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ke nrog lwm yam mob uas muaj thaum yug los. Piv txwv li, qhov tsis zoo ntawm ob txhais ceg (xws li polydactyly), qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab qhov ncauj (xws li cleft di ncauj thiab palate), thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tej yam mob hu ua '(Anophthalmia)' thiab '(Microphthalmia)' kuj tshwm sim tau ua ib feem ntawm qee yam mob uas muaj txij thaum yug los. Piv txwv li:

• `(Aicardi syndrome)`:Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau poob qee qhov ntawm lub cev thaum yug los. Cov neeg uas muaj tus mob no tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv mus ib txhis xws li qaug dab peg thiab kev loj hlob qeeb.
• Kab mob CHARGE: Qhov no kuj yog ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj. Nws cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev, suav nrog lub qhov muag thiab lub plawv.
• SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: Ntxiv rau qhov tsis pom lossis muaj qhov muag me, cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no tuaj yeem muaj qaug dab peg thiab teeb meem hlwb.
• Lenz microphthalmia syndrome: Ntxiv rau qhov muag me me, cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no yuav muaj kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag tsis tswj tau, teeb meem kev kawm, thiab teeb meem nrog lub cev pob txha thiab cov zis.

Thaum koj cev xeeb tub, koj yuav ntxhov siab heev thaum koj pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj "Microphthalmia" lossis "Anophthalmia" (mob me me). Qhov no yog ib txwm muaj. Kev tham nrog koj pab neeg kho mob tuaj yeem pab koj tsim cov tswv yim los pab tswj cov mob no. Muaj "cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam thaum ntxov" los pab koj tus menyuam kawm, thiab tseem muaj "pab pawg txhawb nqa" los pab koj tsev neeg thiab koj tus menyuam ua tiav.

Tej yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Qhia Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li cia peb sau qee yam uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog:

• Microphthalmia yog thaum ib lossis ob lub qhov muag me dua li qub. Anophthalmia yog thaum ib lossis ob lub qhov muag tsis muaj. Cov no yog cov mob uas muaj thaum yug los .
• Txawm hais tias qhov ua rau qhov no tsis paub meej los xij, tej yam caj ces thiab tej yam ib puag ncig yuav ua lub luag haujlwm.
• Cov no tuaj yeem kuaj pom thaum ntxov los ntawm kev kuaj xws li ultrasound thiab fetal MRI thaum cev xeeb tub.
• Txawm hais tias peb tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov muag tshiab los xij, peb tuaj yeem pab tib neeg kom nyob zoo nrog cov mob no los ntawm kev siv "Conformers", "Prosthetic eyes", phais, thiab cov kev pabcuam txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb .
• Kev noj qab haus huv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia kho mob tuaj yeem pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov mob no rau qee qhov.
• Yog koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj tus mob no, tsis txhob ntshai . Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm pab pawg kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, kev hlub tsev neeg, thiab kev tswj hwm kom zoo, koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua neej zoo.

Vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau koj. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug ntxiv, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.

` microphthalmia, anophthalmia, mob qhov muag txij thaum yug los, qhov muag me, qhov muag tsis pom, cov teeb meem yug los, kev kho mob qhov muag menyuam yaus